In order to prevent emergency situations that could lead to the destruction of boiler room equipment, as well as injury and death of personnel, there is an automatic safety system. By using various sensors the pressure of water and steam is monitored, the presence of a torch on the burners, the outlet water temperature, and the water level in the steam boiler. If dangerous limits are exceeded, the sensors transmit a signal to the warning device, which signals with sound and light alarms, followed by turning off the voltage on the solenoid valve. Cutting off the voltage to the solenoid valve causes the valve to close and cut off the gas supply to the burners.

The operation of automatic security is carried out according to the following scheme:

Primary sensor - intermediate time relay - light and sound alarm - safety shut-off valve

• Ionization sensor - monitors the presence of flame in the burner.

• ECM - electric contact pressure gauge - steam pressure sensor on a steam boiler

• EKT - electric contact thermometer - water temperature sensor. Installed at the water outlet of the hot water boiler and at the economizer outlet.

• DN - pressure sensor - pressure sensor (air, gas)

• DNT - pressure and draft sensor - a sensor that controls air pressure and vacuum in the firebox.

• SPD - pressure drop indicator - vacuum sensor in the furnace.

• SPU - limit level switch - monitors the water level in the steam boiler. The SPU has two sensors that control the upper and lower water levels in the drum.

Each sensor has an electrically conductive contact that closes the electrical circuit and transmits a signal to the control relay. In one case, the closure occurs with water, in the other, through a membrane under excess pressure. The burners also use photo sensors to monitor the presence of a flame.

Automatic safety controls the necessary parameters and, if they are violated, stops the gas supply to the boiler furnace.

Control is carried out according to the following parameters:

• The torch on the burners goes out.

• Increasing steam pressure on a steam boiler.

• Increasing the water temperature at the outlet of the hot water boiler.

• Increase or decrease in gas pressure in front of the burners.

• Reduced air pressure in front of the burners.

• Reducing the vacuum in the furnace.

• An increase or decrease in the water level in the steam boiler beyond the permissible level.

• Disabling everyone circulation pumps hot water boiler.

• Power outage.

Gas industry

Gas industry In order to prevent emergency situations that could lead to the destruction of boiler room equipment, as well as injury and death of personnel, there is automation

Safety automation for boilers

820 NOVA SIT This multifunctional gas supply regulator with thermoelectric flame protection system; with gas supply blocked after the electromagnet is reset; with a three-position control knob: “off”, “pilot”, “on”; pressure regulator with servo control; electromagnetic relay on / off 820 NOVA is suitable for use in boilers, gas stoves, convectors, fireplaces and infrared heaters.

• Thermoelectric flame protection system by blocking the gas supply to the main burner.
• Locking mechanism to prevent erroneous actions.
• Modulation thermostat.
• Setting the gas supply to the pilot burner. -
• Setting device maximum flow gas or pressure stabilizer. -
• Connections for measuring gas pressure during setup. -
• Piezo igniter

Automation "ARBAT" is used for installation as part of gas burner devices on household heating boilers and devices with a power of up to 50 kW, operating on natural and liquefied gas, and is used for automatic regulation gas flow, thermal process in a heated room and shutdown of the gas burner device in the absence of draft in the chimney or the pilot burner flame goes out.

Automatic regulation and safety "ARBAT" provides 5 degrees of protection:
— stopping the gas supply when the pilot burner flame goes out;
— turning off the burner when the gas supply is temporarily interrupted;
— stopping the gas supply in the absence of vacuum in the chimney;
— automatic blocking of gas supply to the main burner when the igniter is ignited;
— automatic maintenance of the set coolant temperature.

Automation is distinguished by its versatility, rational layout, relatively simple design with a large number of operations performed. The operation of the block does not depend on its orientation in space.

Safety automation for hot water boilers

For different types of boilers, different types of safety and regulation automation are used. This is due different conditions combustion, properties of fuels, boiler volumes and their purpose. In addition, automation for one type of boiler may differ significantly.

Types of hot water boilers and their automation

To ensure normal operating conditions, water heating boilers require automatic regulation and safety of the RBIP type, which stands for proportional integral non-contact regulator. The automatic safety system for gas boilers is a low-pressure safety valve, which is additionally equipped with an electromagnet. If the operation of the boiler is based on the use of fuel oil as fuel, then an automatic valve is used, which is installed at the point where the fuel is supplied to the furnace. Thus, for boilers with a certain type of fuel it is necessary different types safety equipment, so when purchasing units you should pay attention to this Special attention. (See also: What you need to know about outdoor boilers?)

Valves in boilers can be controlled from a control panel remotely. Moreover, it has all the necessary locks. Thus, it is not possible to close the valve on the water pipeline until the valve on the gas pipeline is closed. Other actions that could disrupt the correct functioning of the system are also blocked, that is, the automation is fully responsible for the safe operation of the units, which reduces the risk of an accident to a minimum.

Functionality of automatic water heating boilers

In most cases, automation for boilers involves the following functions:

• Automatic ignition;
• Control of the hot water boiler during operation, for example, temperature control and maintenance;
• Maintaining fuel consumption records, which allows you to track fuel costs;
• Automatic shutdown of the hot water boiler in case of an emergency;
• Activation of sound and light alarms;
• Stop the operation of the hot water boiler if necessary.

The range of listed capabilities may vary with respect to the functionality of hot water boilers, each of which must be matched with a specific type of automation. (See also: Manufacturers of gas boilers)

For ease of use of the device, you can purchase a device with a graphic, text, or color display, on which a mnemonic diagram of objects can be displayed. Today there are many modifications of automation regarding these parameters on the market, so buyers have the opportunity to choose the most suitable option for them.

As a rule, boiler automation allows you to regulate the fuel supply according to feedback or according to temporary settings. In addition, the system is equipped with a device that is responsible for interrupting the fuel supply in the event of an emergency, which reduces the risk of an emergency situation and also significantly increases the level of safety of the equipment used.

Automatic control of hot water boilers

Safety automation for hot water boilers provides the ability to manually stop the boiler by pressing a certain button. Changes in parameters during system operation are carried out by the following sensors: (See also: Gas-fired water heating boilers)

• An electric pressure gauge changes the fuel pressure in the pipeline;
• Resistance thermometer (RTM) – increase in water temperature;
• Differential pressure gauge – reducing water consumption;
• With a control electrode or photoresistance FSK – flame extinguishing in the burners;
• DT draft sensor - drop in vacuum in the furnace.

Advantages of automatic boilers

This type of boiler is the most in demand today, and this is explained by a number of reasons. Firstly, automatic boilers do not require constant human presence. Secondly, if it is necessary to adjust the work process, there is no need to approach the unit; the entire process is regulated using automation. Thirdly, automation makes it possible to bring the safety of boilers during their operation to the safest level possible.

Thus, the use of automation makes it possible to make the use of such units not only very convenient, but also as safe as possible. They can prevent incorrect actions (block any command and report it), prevent emergency situations by turning off the system.

Types of automatic water heating boilers

Today, there are quite a large number of types of automation for hot water boilers and this is explained, of course, by the fact that a huge number of modifications of the boilers themselves are made. They can be divided according to the fuel used, power, size, etc. (See also: Which boiler to choose?)

This difference in units is explained by the fact that some can be used for domestic needs, others - for small industries, and still others - for huge production workshops. Whatever the water heating boiler, you can select the appropriate automation for it, and boiler automation can vary not only appearance, but also certain functionality (the presence of special control buttons, display, etc.), which completely depends on the modification of the unit itself.

It should be noted that the latest models of water heating equipment immediately imply the presence of automation, which greatly simplifies the purchase process. There is no need to additionally look for this or that model. If automation is not included in the boiler package, it is often offered to be purchased together with the unit, which is also convenient for the buyer.

Safety automation for hot water boilers

To ensure normal operation, water heating boilers require control and safety automatics of the RBIP type. The safety automatic for gas boilers is a low-pressure safety valve supplied with an electromagnet.

Automatic boiler safety and regulation

Automation kit ABU-1 for training fire-tube boiler of the “Turboterm” type

Pump control cabinet

Touch panel for indicating the operating parameters of a fire-tube boiler of the “Turboterm” type

Frequency control cabinet network pumps boiler room

Control panel and emergency interlocks of a fire-tube boiler of the “Turboterm” type

“Frivolous people don’t even stay in the toilets for long.” Gennady Malkin

By subscribing to the Set of Educational and Methodological Materials for the Boiler House Operator, You will receive the book “Definition of Knowledge” for free. Test for boiler room operator.” And in the future you will receive both free and paid information materials from me.

TOR ON THE TOPIC "AUTOMATIC BOILER SAFETY AND REGULATION"

Test “Automation of boiler safety and regulation” to test the knowledge of gas boiler room operators. The main element of the boiler safety automation circuit is the gas shut-off valve. Check yours urgently professional competence and demand in the labor market!

KNOWLEDGE TEST QUESTIONS

1. Select correct option answer from those proposed. The gas shut-off valve in the automatic safety circuit of a hot water boiler is used for:

a) regulating the gas pressure entering the boiler;

b) regulating the gas flow to the boiler;

c) automatic shutdown of gas supply to the boiler if any parameter involved in the boiler safety automatic circuit is exceeded.

2. Choose the correct answer from the options provided. Delay in response of the gas shut-off valve in the automatic safety circuit for reducing the air pressure in front of the burner:

3. Choose the correct answer from the options provided. Common sensors in safety and control automation circuits are as follows:

a) only a sensor for water temperature after the boiler; b) sensor for water temperature after the boiler and sensors for gas and air pressure in front of the burner; V) common sensors There are no automatic safety and automatic boiler control circuits.

4. Choose the correct answer from the options provided. A technical pressure gauge measures pressure:

a) atmospheric; b) excessive; c) absolute; d) vacuum gauge.

5. Choose the correct answer from the options provided. Checking the serviceability of the pressure gauge is carried out:

a) every shift, by setting the pressure gauge to zero, by the boiler room operator; b) once every six months by the instrumentation and automation service; c) once a year by the State Trustee.

Liquid pressure gauges

6. Choose the correct answer from the options provided. Pressure measurement accuracy liquid pressure gauge higher y: (P - measured pressure; h - difference in liquid levels; h 1 - change in liquid level in the tube; h 2 - change in liquid level in the vessel).

a) U-shaped pressure gauge; b) cup; c) micromanometer.

7. Choose the correct answer from the options provided. Delay in response of the gas shut-off valve in the automatic safety circuit for extinguishing the burner torch:

a) is allowed and this must be reflected in Manufacturing instructions; b) is not allowed.

8. Choose the correct answer from the options provided. Work of hot water gas boiler with a faulty automatic control system:

a) not allowed; b) is allowed.

9. Choose the correct answer from those given. With this position of the three-way valve of the pressure gauge:

Boiler pressure gauge with three-way valve

a) purging the siphon tube; b) checking the working pressure gauge against the control pressure gauge; c) measurement of working pressure; d) checking the pressure gauge by setting it to zero; e) accumulation of condensate in the siphon tube (if steam parameters are measured).

TEST QUESTIONS TO ASSESS ABILITIES AND SKILLS

10. Add. Automatic control of hot water boilers includes:

Dear friend! You will find the answers to this test in the Test Set for Boiler House Operators or in Study guide"Boiler room operator." These information materials are paid. It is advisable to have them in your personal library. Questions and recommendations can be left on the Contacts page of the website. See you in touch!

Best regards, Grigory Volodin

Automatic boiler safety and regulation

Test "Automation of boiler safety and regulation" to test the knowledge of gas boiler room operators. Gas shut-off valve in an automation circuit

Household heating appliances operating on liquefied or natural gas do not require constant attention and control from the owners. This task is performed by automation for gas heating boilers.

Electronic and mechanical control units integrated into the heat generator regulate combustion and help maintain the required temperature in the coolant.

The automation works properly, accurately and reliably, increases the efficiency of heating equipment, and promotes reasonable consumption energy resource and makes the operation of the heating system simple, comfortable and absolutely safe.

The automatic system protects heating installations from overloads and activates an emergency shutdown of the gas supply in the event of sudden force majeure circumstances. Additionally, the equipment regulates the level of combustion intensity and current fuel consumption, allowing owners to save money on heating the premises.

The automatic unit has flexible settings and allows the owner to set the most convenient operating parameters for the equipment.

By basic principle operation and design features, automation for gas-powered equipment is divided into:

• energy dependent devices;
• energy-independent devices.

Systems of the first type are complex electronic units that require an uninterrupted electrical supply to operate correctly. The second types of devices are simplified mechanical structures that do not require energy supply.

Type #1 - volatile products

Volatile module is a small electronic device that responds to the supply of fuel. It turns on and off when the main gas valve is activated or closed. Is different complex design and a large number of elements and microcircuits.

Allows owners to solve the following tasks:

• activation or termination of gas supply;
• launch heating system in automatic mode;
• adjusting the power level of the base burner (due to the presence of a thermostat);
• turning off a running boiler both in emergency situations and within a user-specified mode;
• displaying current indicators on the display (the general level of air temperature in the room, the point to which the working coolant has been heated, etc.).

More sophisticated modules have additional functionality and offer users unlimited and most convenient conditions for monitoring the operation and control of the unit. Electronic panels provide complete protection of heating equipment from malfunctions and prevent the boiler from freezing.

If the temperature in the room drops sharply, the “smart” system itself starts the heating equipment and turns it off when the home is filled with comfortable warm air.

The self-diagnosis option available for individual modules prevents operational failures and facilitates the timely identification of faulty parts and assemblies in the system. It makes it possible to notice a breakdown as early as possible and replace some small element even before it creates a real problem for the equipment.

Minor breakdowns of the heating system eventually turn into global complications and entail costs associated with the repair and dismantling (full or partial) of the equipment. Self-diagnosis helps to identify a malfunction and makes it possible to eliminate it in a timely manner.

Electronic automation responsible for safe operation equipment, ensures uninterrupted operation of the boiler, prevents the system from overheating and shuts off the gas supply in the event of a drop in draft or extinguishment of the flame in the burner.

The range of energy-dependent automation on the market today is pleasingly diverse. Useful and necessary mini-units are produced by world-famous brands and small companies that are just trying to earn their place in the sun.

Volatile automation is presented in the form of a control panel, where the user can set the operating parameters of the equipment that are convenient for them. The cost of a “smart” element is high, but the costs are justified, because with the help of a control unit you can reduce resource consumption without any damage to your own comfort

Among the models offered there are both very simple products and more advanced units with a programming option.

On them, the user can choose the ones most suitable for himself and program the system to operate in day/night mode or, based on the weather forecast, set a certain level of heating of the house or apartment for a period of 1 to 7 days.

Type #2 - non-volatile units

Non-volatile automation more simple and practical. Control and adjustment are carried out manually using mechanical rotary toggle switches and are not difficult even for those who are far from technology. The device operates completely autonomously and does not need to be connected to a central electrical system.

To heat a residential building and supply hot water to the taps, it is enough to turn the control knob in the direction of increase by 2-3 divisions. If you need to take a bath or shower, the toggle switch must be set to the maximum setting

The product is marked with a digital scale with a list of values ​​from minimum to maximum. To activate, the user selects the desired mark and in this way sets the appropriate operating temperature directly to the boiler.

After these manipulations, it connects and takes control of the specified heating mode. The boiler actively works until the room warms up to the desired temperature. Then the thermostat turns off the gas supply to the system and is activated again only when the room gets colder.

The operating principle is based on the specific design of the device. The gas boiler thermocouple built into the heat exchanger is equipped with a special rod. It is made from a special iron-nickel alloy called invar.

The physical characteristics of this advanced material give it the ability to almost instantly capture minimal temperature fluctuations.

If the room becomes too hot or too cold, the size of the rod changes. The connecting valve reacts to this and promptly shuts off or activates the flow of gas to the burner.

Availability of non-volatile automatic control system allows users to install the most suitable one for themselves in their home or apartment temperature regime and use fuel economically without overpaying utility bills

Additionally, non-volatile type automation has sensitive ones. If the pressure in the pipe suddenly decreases or the draft level in the chimney drops for some reason, the supply of the resource is immediately stopped and gas leakage can be avoided.

Non-volatile automation costs quite reasonable money and, unlike electronic analogues, does not require the purchase and installation of a stabilizer that controls voltage and equalizes unexpected surges in the central power grid

Correct operation of the flame sensor is ensured by a special plate. During normal and correct operation of the system, it is in a slightly curved state.

In this way, the part holds the shutoff valve in the “ Open" When the flame becomes smaller, the plate is leveled and the valve closes under its pressure.

Design and operating principle

The automation that controls the work consists of many elements, conditionally divided into two subgroups. The first includes mechanisms that ensure the full and safe functioning of the boiler itself. The second includes devices that make it possible to operate the heating system in the most convenient and user-friendly mode.

Components of a security system

Several modules are responsible for the operational safety of the unit:

1. Flame controller– consists of two main parts - a solenoid valve and a thermocouple. Shuts off gas promptly and reliably and prevents leakage.
2. Thermostat– maintains the set coolant temperature and protects the system from overheating. When the coolant cools down to minimum temperatures, the module starts the boiler into operation, and after recording peak-high readings, it turns it off, completely relieving the owners of the need to constantly pay attention to the system.
3. Traction control sensor, is responsible for stopping the gas supply to the burner in case of change basic position bimetallic plate, thus preventing gas leakage.
4. Safety valve– monitors the amount of coolant in the circuit.

In addition to all of the above useful qualities, automation has a number of additional functions that increase the comfort of using the equipment.

The device performs automatic ignition of the gas burner, selects the most effective operating mode, promotes rational consumption of energy resources and conducts independent diagnostics, saving the owners from all these activities.

Operating principle of security automation

Current regulatory documentation says that the safety system for gas boilers must be equipped with a device that stops the operation of the entire system and shuts off the gas supply in the event of an unexpected breakdown or any other force majeure circumstances.

To carry out this task, automation must keep under control such parameters as:

• gas pressure in the system;
• presence of an optimal size flame in the burner;
• full, high-quality traction;
• working coolant temperature level.

When in a non-volatile mechanical system the gas pressure drops to a critical level, the resource supply immediately stops. This happens automatically due to the presence of a valve mechanism set to a certain value.

Volatile electronic devices are designed slightly differently. In them, the above function is performed by a minimum/maximum pressure switch.

As the number of atmospheres increases, the membrane with the rod bends, opening the power contacts of the boiler itself. Gas stops flowing and is not supplied until the pressure level is restored.

It is prohibited by law to independently troubleshoot problems and somehow interfere with the basic functionality of the equipment. Only a qualified specialist - an employee of the gas supply company - can correct any problems that arise.

If the flame disappears in the burner, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing current. After this, the electromagnetic damper in the valve no longer functions and gas stops flowing to the burner. When the thrust drops, the bimetallic plate heats up intensely, changes shape and acts on the valve, causing it to stop supplying fuel.

The coolant temperature is kept under control by a thermostat. It ensures that the user-selected heating mode is maintained, while preventing the system from overheating and failing.

Nuances of the system's functioning

Volatile electronic automation operates based on information received from sensors. The microprocessor and internal controller analyze this data, process it and provide the system with commands that are optimally suited for a particular situation.

In order for electronic automation to function normally for a long time, it is necessary to call a technician annually to inspect the equipment, diagnose the microprocessor and view memory module reports

Mechanics have a slightly different principle. When the boiler is turned off, the internal gas valve is completely closed. At the moment the equipment is started, the washer on the valve is squeezed out and the passage for the fuel resource to the igniter is forced to open. Ignition stimulates heating of the thermocouple and voltage is generated across it.

This resource uses an electromagnet to maintain the valve in the open position. By turning the washer manually, the user can effortlessly adjust the level and power of his heating equipment.

Review of popular models and manufacturers

In the progressive market gas equipment and related elements, automation from both domestic and foreign manufacturers is presented. According to the principle of operation, all devices are absolutely identical, but in terms of design there are significant differences between them.

The presence of automatic control in the gas heating system makes it possible to comfortably heat the room and rationally use energy resources. With a reasonable approach, savings can range from 30 to 43%

The cost of modules varies over a wide range. Simple mechanical products with a minimum of functions belong to the budget class and are sold at the lowest price. Advanced electronic panels are valued much higher, but provide the user with more extensive options for individual settings and control of operation.

Some devices, such as SABC automation, in addition to basic functions, are equipped with a built-in pressure stabilizer. This allows for more precise adjustment of the operation of gas equipment

Programmable electronic devices are considered luxury. They enable the owner to set an operating plan for the equipment for a long period of time, taking into account seasonal weather conditions and the current outside air temperature.

No. 1 - automatic EUROSIT 630

Automatic non-volatile unit EUROSIT 630 produced by an Italian company Sit Group (Eurosit) In terms of sales, it occupies a leading position in the market.

It is considered universal and works effectively with parapets and power from 7 to 24 kW. Switching on/off, igniting the pilot burner and setting the desired temperature are carried out using one handle with a button.

The Eurosit 630 module is a modern unit for controlling gas equipment. Fully complies with international standards and safety requirements for such devices. Has a European quality certificate and a guarantee from the manufacturer

The product is different high level reliability, withstands significant operating loads and has extensive functionality. The structural elements are “hidden” in the housing, to which sensor cables and other connecting tubes are routed.

The ignition time of the heating boiler using the Eurosit 630 automatic system is 10 seconds. Gas is immediately supplied to the system and very soon the room warms up to the set temperature

Inside the unit there is a cut-off valve, a spring valve and a pressure regulator. The gas supply is carried out from below or from the side according to the user’s wishes. In terms of cost, the unit is included in the budget category.

No. 2 - Honeywell 5474 module

The Honeywell 5474 device is manufactured by a German concern Honeywell, which has been specializing in the development and sale of various types automation. Works correctly with household power up to 32 kW.

Honeywell 5474 is a non-volatile device for controlling the heating system. Equipped with micro-flare burners made of heat-resistant of stainless steel. They ensure better gas combustion, reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere and prevent excess soot from depositing in the chimney

The Honeywell 5474 automatic system is equipped with a basic set of control functions that guarantee efficient operation of the boiler with absolute safety for users.

In automatic mode, the product maintains the specified coolant temperature (from 40 to 90 degrees), turns off the boiler in the event of a fuel supply cutoff, lack of draft at the required level in the chimney, reverse draft occurs, or burner extinguishment.

No. 3 - premium automation from Honeywell

In addition to inexpensive budget models, the company Honeywell also produces other types of automatic equipment, for example, luxury chronothermostats of the premium ST series or programmed thermostats Honeywell YRLV430A1005/U.

The YRLV430A1005/U device, with the widest possible functionality, has a user-friendly interface and does not cause any difficulties for customers during use. The cost of the product is quite high, but still lower than that of competitors offering models with similar characteristics

These electronic panels allow you to set the most detailed and precise settings for heating equipment, up to changing the temperature several times a day depending on the time of day, weather conditions and personal wishes.

No. 4 - Orion device

Automatic device Orion manufactured in Russia. The device includes a piezoelectric ignition and a draft sensor.

The Orion device looks simple and has a minimal set of functions. Its capabilities are not too great, but, thanks to its reasonable price and basic control method, the unit is in demand

The device turns off the gas in case of random extinguishing of the burner or lack of the required draft. When the room temperature drops, the thermostat activates the fuel supply and the boiler resumes operation.

The transition to the flame reduction mode when a certain (user-specified) temperature is reached occurs automatically and allows you to save fuel resources.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

A detailed description of the operating principle of automation designed for a gas boiler. Interesting features and nuances of monitoring equipment:

How does the automation of a gas heating boiler work? A visual demonstration of the process of igniting a gas unit:

A detailed description of one of the most popular automation models designed for controlling and adjusting a gas boiler:

An automatically controlled gas heating system is a practical and cost-effective option for home heating equipment.

The mechanical controller is distinguished by its low price, reliability and simple control method. The electronic panel is more expensive, but has advanced functionality that allows you to create the most comfortable conditions in the room.

It is better to purchase mini-units in company stores that sell certified products that meet all the requirements for elements of gas-powered heating systems.

Do you know the intricacies of gas equipment automation that are not mentioned in the article? Did you have any questions while reading the material? Please write comments, share your own opinions and photographs on the topic of the article.

When choosing a gas boiler for heating a country house or cottage, it is necessary to take into account many factors: the area of ​​the house that needs to be heated, the number of circuits, the expected consumption of hot water (in the case of a double-circuit boiler), the possibility of connecting a heated floor circuit, etc. In addition, one of the most important aspects The thing that needs to be taken into account when choosing a boiler is the automation installed in it. In this article we will analyze the main functions of the automation systems that modern boilers have. This will help you understand what these functional modules do in practice, what you really need, and what is not worth paying extra money for.

All automatic components of gas boilers can be divided into two groups:

• Protective automation
• Automation for convenience

Protective automation

Automation units from the first group, as its name suggests, are designed to protect the boiler and the room in which it is installed. These devices stop the gas supply in the event of an emergency.

Gas control

This usually means "flame control" burners. When the burner goes out, the gas supply must be stopped. This is a basic protection function that is present in all boilers.

This automation module consists of two units: a gas supply valve and a thermocouple (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1 Thermocouple and solenoid valve

Thermocouple is a passive temperature sensor, i.e. does not require external power. It consists of two soldered conductors made of different metals (Fig. 2). When the soldering point is heated, a thermo-emf is induced in the conductors; in other words, a small voltage arises, sufficient to open the gas supply electromagnetic valve.

Rice. 2 Operating principle of a thermocouple

That is why, when starting the boiler for the first time, you need to hold the ignition button for several seconds - the time during which the thermocouple will have time to heat up and sufficient voltage will arise on it to maintain the gas valve in the open position.

Do not be confused: in the description of the boiler, this automation unit is usually called “gas control”, however, it would be more correct to call this function “flame presence control”, because Other automation components, which we will consider later, can also turn off the gas supply in an emergency.

Boiler thermostat

Thermostat is a device necessary to maintain the set temperature of the coolant. It turns off the boiler when the set temperature is reached and turns on when the temperature drops below the set threshold. The thermostat handle has several modes, each mode corresponds to its own coolant temperature.

Rice. 3 Thermostat

If the boiler is electronically controlled, the temperature can be set using the user terminal and shown on the display.

The thermostat can be considered a device that regulates the operation of the boiler, but it also performs protective functions: protection against overheating and freezing. This is achieved by having the thermostat have upper and lower threshold values. When the coolant temperature reaches the upper emergency threshold, the boiler turns off to avoid overheating. When the lower emergency threshold is reached, the boiler turns on maximum power to prevent the coolant from freezing.

It is worth keeping in mind that if “thermostat” is written in the list of technical characteristics of the boiler, this means the presence of a control thermostat. The overheating protection function is present in any boiler, even if it is not specifically indicated. But frost protection is present only in those boilers where this function is specified in the characteristics.

Traction control

The draft intensity must be sufficient to completely remove combustion products from the room in which the boiler is installed. If there is insufficient draft, combustion products accumulate inside the room, which is dangerous to human health. When the draft control sensor (Fig. 4) is triggered, a control signal is generated to stop the gas supply and turn off the boiler.

Figure 4. Traction control sensor

When installing a heating system, the draft is checked by a technician, but the draft may deteriorate during operation for many reasons (contamination of the exhaust pipe, etc.). Therefore, draft sensors are an important component of the boiler safety system.

Safety valve

Rice. 5 Safety valve

It is necessary to discharge excess coolant from the system when its pressure increases above the permissible limit. This situation is possible with a sharp increase in the temperature of the water (coolant) in the system. This can lead to damage to the boiler and other components of the heating system. Therefore, it is better to purchase a boiler with a built-in safety valve or install it separately.

Automatic air vent

When a heating system is put into operation, air inevitably gets into it, which can be quite difficult to get rid of. In addition, air can accumulate in the system during operation. It interferes with the normal operation of the heating system, creates noise and bubbling in the pipes. The air vent (Fig. 6) automatically releases all the air accumulated in the heating pipes. It cannot be called a mandatory node, but its presence in the system greatly simplifies the user’s life. Therefore, the best solution would be to choose a boiler with a built-in air vent.

Rice. 6 Air vent

Automatic transition from an external power source to an autonomous one when there is a power outage in the network

This function is only relevant for energy-dependent heating boilers. If the external supply voltage fails, the boiler can be powered for some time from the backup battery. Automatic input of backup power is especially important if the boiler is often left unattended by the owners. For example, in the case of a country house, to which the owners come only on weekends.

After considering the automation modules belonging to the first group, we can draw only one conclusion: you should not skimp on security. When choosing a gas boiler, make sure that it has all the necessary protective functions. If some of the modules are missing, and the boiler with them is much more expensive, find out whether these modules can be delivered to the heating system separately. Perhaps this will allow you to save money.

Automation for convenience

The second group includes modules that allow you to completely or partially relieve the user of participation in the boiler control process. This automation ensures the selection of optimal boiler operating modes, increasing its efficiency and energy saving.

Auto-ignition

A boiler with automatic ignition allows the pilot burner to be ignited automatically. In order to ignite the boiler without automatic ignition, the user usually has to press the piezo ignition button and hold it for a while, after which the igniter burns all the time. In a boiler with automatic ignition, the pilot burner is turned off when it is not needed and automatically turns on when necessary. This makes the boiler more economical and reliable.

Flame modulation

The presence of a flame modulation function allows you to automatically smoothly regulate the boiler power depending on the temperature that needs to be maintained in the room and the current hot water flow (in the case of double-circuit boiler). In order for the user to set desired temperature indoors, the boiler must have a mechanical or electronic (more often) setpoint. The system must also have a room temperature sensor to provide feedback. You can read more about smooth control in automation systems . This regulation ensures the most economical mode of operation of the boiler.

Boiler autodiagnostics

The Auto Diagnostics module collects data on the operation of all sensors and actuators boiler, generates errors in the event of a malfunction of any of the components and displays them on the display in the form of a numeric code or in text form. For example:

“Error No. 04 No flame” or “Error No. 06 Temperature sensor error (hot water).”

The “autodiagnostics” module is very useful in diagnosing boiler faults. However, this module is not required. You should not choose a boiler with
“autodiagnostics” if this significantly increases its cost compared to a similar boiler that does not have this module. In the event of a breakdown, you will still have to call a qualified technician to fix the problem. The diagnostic module, of course, will help the technician in his work, but this will not reduce the cost of repairs.

Gas boiler programmer

Rice. 7 Programmer

The programmer allows you to set a schedule of operating modes for a day, a week, etc. This allows you to save energy consumption whenever possible. For example, it is useful to reduce the temperature in the house during the day when everyone is at work or at night to sleep better. Conversely, the boiler can automatically warm up the room when the owners arrive.

External boiler control

This function allows you to organize external control of the boiler and makes it possible to integrate the boiler into systems like “ smart House", organizations remote control and monitoring key indicators using an external GSM module. This function also usually provides the ability to connect additional equipment (room and outdoor temperature sensors, thermostat, weekly programmer, etc.). If you do not plan to connect external control, there is no point in overpaying for this function.

Household heating units using natural and liquefied gas do not require constant monitoring by users. Combustion and maintenance of the required coolant temperature are monitored by electronic and mechanical units built into any heat generator by the manufacturer. Our task is to explain how automation for a gas boiler works and what types of devices are used in modern water heating installations.

The vast majority of boiler installations of this type are equipped with automatic safety systems that operate without an external power source (non-volatile). According to requirements regulatory documents, automation equipment must shut off the gas supply to the burner and igniter in three emergency cases:

1. Extinction of the main burner flame due to blowing out or for other reasons.
2. When natural draft in the chimney channel is absent or sharply reduced.
3. The drop in natural gas pressure in the main pipeline is below a critical level.

For reference. The implementation of the listed functions is mandatory for gas boilers of all types. Many manufacturers add a fourth level of safety – overheating protection. When the coolant temperature reaches 90 °C, the valve, based on a signal from the sensor, stops supplying gas to the main burner.

Various gas models from different manufacturers use the following types (brands) of non-volatile automation:

• Italian blocks EuroSIT (Eurosit) series 630, 710 and 820 NOVA (heating units Lemax, Zhitomir 3, Aton and many others);
• Polish devices "KARE" (heat generators "Danko", "Rivneterm");
• American Honeywell automatic control devices (heaters from the Zhukovsky plant of the “Comfort” line);
• domestic products from ZhMZ, SABK, Orion, Arbat companies.

Fuel supply system in the simplest AOGV devices equipped with ZhMZ valves. The burner is hidden in the lower part of the housing.

We have listed the most common brands of automation, which are often installed on water heating boilers from the same company. For example, the Zhukovsky plant equips budget versions of AOGV devices with its own ZhMZ safety units, mid-price heat generators with EuroSIT devices, and powerful models with Honeywell automatic valves. Let's look at each group separately.

SIT Group brand gas valves

Of all the types of automation found in boiler installations, EuroSIT safety units are the most popular and reliable in operation. They are recommended by companies that supply natural fuels, including for replacing old gas equipment of KChM, AGV boilers, and so on. They work without problems as part of micro-flare burners Polidoro, Iskra, Vakula, Thermo and others.

The exact names of the three models used look like this:

• 630 SIT;
• 710 MiniSIT;
• 820 NOVA.

Connection sockets for thermocouple, main and pilot burners are located on the bottom panel

For reference. SIT Group has discontinued production of the 630 and 710 series, considering them obsolete. This has been replaced by new safety automatics for heating boilers - gas valves 820 NOVA, 822 NOVA, 840 SIGMA and 880 Proflame (battery operated). But old products are not difficult to find on sale.

In order not to bore you with design details automatic devices EuroSIT, let us briefly explain the principle of operation using the example of the simplest block of the 630 series:

Note. Older automation modifications were not equipped with temperature sensors and ignition units, so matches were required to start the heat generator.

Connection diagram of the automation unit to the gas burner device

A membrane valve, which plays the role of a pressure regulator, is responsible for the normal gas supply in the device. When it falls below a preset value, the fuel channel closes and an emergency shutdown of the boiler occurs. Other situations that lead to refusal include:

1. The burner and the wick heating the thermocouple go out. Voltage generation stops, the solenoid valve closes the fuel passage.
2. If the draft in the chimney suddenly disappears, the sensor placed in this channel overheats and breaks the power supply circuit of the electromagnet. The result is similar - the fuel supply is blocked.
3. In heaters equipped with overheating sensors, the electrical circuit is broken after the water reaches a temperature of 90-95 °C.

Automation for a gas boiler is divided into two main types:

• Non-volatile mechanical structures. They are simple, but at the same time demonstrate high efficiency. Such automation responds to changes in water temperature in the system.
• Volatile electronic devices. This is equipment that operates from an external energy source, be it a network or a generator. This group includes a lot of innovative developments designed to make the boiler your everyday assistant.

Let's look at each of these groups separately.

Mechanical automation

Mechanical automation has whole line benefits. Firstly, this equipment, as already mentioned, is characterized by its simplicity of design. Because of this, it is very reliable and practically does not break. And in case of failure, mechanical automation can be easily repaired or replaced with a new one without significant losses for the family budget.

Secondly, such automation is inexpensive, which affects the cost of the boiler. It is autonomous in use, since it does not require external power sources to operate.

Mechanical automation for a gas boiler is configured manually. The specialist sets the coolant temperature range. Such automation works by simple principle. The temperature regulator starts working immediately after ignition and responds to changes in coolant parameters. If the water temperature in the system drops, the automation opens an additional gas supply to the main burner.

The design of the thermostat implies the presence of a rod made of a special material that responds to a decrease or increase in the temperature of the coolant. In the process of changing the parameters of the coolant, the thermostat lengthens or shortens, while regulating the gas supply to the main burner.

Mechanical automation often comes with a draft and flame sensor. These units are very important for the safe operation of the boiler. They turn off the gas supply if the burner flame goes out or the draft level decreases. Such sensors are often bimetallic plates that change their shape under the influence of temperature, thereby regulating the fuel supply in the system.

Electronic automation

Electronic automation for a gas boiler is distinguished by the complexity of its designs and the variety of functions performed, among which the following are worth noting:

• Creation safe conditions for operation heating equipment;
• Ensuring maximum comfort in a heated room;
• Raising the coefficient useful action systems;
• Improved environmental performance;
• Programming the boiler operation depending on the time of day or day of the week;
• Weather-dependent regulation of boiler operation;
• Automation of control of various heating system circuits;
• Heating of coolant for domestic needs.

All modern electronic devices operate on the principle of a solenoid valve, which is controlled by a microprocessor unit. Boilers with such gas automation are equipped with a special display, with the help of which one or another mode is selected. Compliance with the conditions specified by the user will be “monitored” gas automatics for boilers.

The standard list of functions that such equipment performs is as follows:

• Automatic boiler start;
• Burner power control based on information provided by built-in sensors;
• Stopping equipment;
• Emergency stop of equipment in case of detection of a certain problem.

In addition, some manufacturers, in an effort to expand the functionality of the equipment they offer, equip it with an antifreeze system, protection against jamming of the pump and three-way valve, a system for diagnosing problems and pump overrun. Among the most common components of electronic automation for a gas boiler are an electronic controller, gas pressure switch, gas fittings, valves, and a display. In some cases, advanced equipment is equipped with a pressure switch and a water level sensor.

Non-volatile boilers are not as expensive as units equipped with electronics. That is why a potential buyer, before making a final choice, needs to decide what he expects from a gas boiler. If you nevertheless decide to purchase a volatile unit that can give you maximum comfort, then make sure that you can provide the boiler with uninterrupted power supply from the network or from a generator. Otherwise, the equipment simply will not be able to continuously perform its assigned functions.

Types of automation for gas heating boilers

Attention! This system provides the possibility of connecting room thermostat, with the help of which the set temperature in the heated room is automatically ensured.

The functions of modern automatic control systems have long been not limited to monitoring the start and stop of the boiler, but also effectively provide diagnostics, alarms and power control of the heating installation.

The operation of absolutely any heating equipment is based on a uniform and constant supply of fuel. This is especially true for equipment running on natural gas, since gas pressure problems are obvious in domestic supply networks. That is why it is important that all processes occurring in the boiler, and especially the supply of gas to the burner, are monitored automatically.

What types of automation exist?

All products that are currently produced in the category “automatic control systems for heating boilers” are divided into only two groups, namely:

• Volatile types.
• Non-volatile types.

Volatile ones require 12 V electricity to operate, while the second type works without it.

Volatile automation

Energy-dependent automation for heating gas boilers are electronic devices whose main task is to regulate the supply of natural gas by closing or opening the tap. This device is quite complex, and manufacturers provide it with a number of additional functions. So, what can an automatic electronic network do:

• Visually show the operation of the boiler itself, the temperature of the heated water, and so on.
• In case of a programmed mode or in emergency situations, stop the boiler operation.
• Using the installed temperature sensor, regulate the burner power.
• Start the boiler in automatic mode.
• Open or close the gas supply valve.

• Independently diagnoses heating and identifies faulty parts and elements.
• Protects the heating system in case the three-way valve fails.
• Protects the heating system from freezing. In the event of a sharp drop in temperature inside the house, the automation quickly starts the heating boiler.
• Controls and controls the operation of the pump.

So it turns out that this type is a safety automatic for gas heating boilers. It is the use of these blocks that guarantees that the boiler will operate without surges, smoothly, in compliance with the exact temperature conditions, and will not create problems during long-term use.

Particular attention should be paid to the diagnostic system. Its presence helps prevent serious malfunctions. Accordingly, this allows you to save a lot on major renovation equipment.

Today the market offers various energy-dependent devices. These are both programmable blocks and ordinary ones that do not have program control. The convenience of the former is that you can set the required temperature for a long period of time, about a week. After looking at the weather forecast, you can set the required temperature for each of the following days, which will allow you to maintain a comfortable temperature in your home. In addition, these blocks allow you to program the temperature for daytime and nighttime.

Non-volatile automation

Non-volatile types of automation include mechanical devices control and regulation of gas combustion in heating boilers. When it is necessary to choose from two groups of automation, many consumers prefer mechanical version. What is the reason?

• These designs are the cheapest.
• They have manual settings, and this allows even people who are poorly versed in this to understand the regulation.
• Such units are self-contained, since they do not require a network connection to operate. Even if the electricity is turned off for some period, it will be easy to regulate the gas boiler.

What is the essence of manual tuning? The device has a temperature scale from minimum to maximum. When you set the regulator needle to a certain level, you set it to the boiler. After the boiler is ignited, the thermostat comes into play, which will regulate the set temperature level by opening or closing the fuel supply valve.

The thermocouple built into the heat exchanger for a gas boiler directly touches the coolant, and includes a special rod that is made of a material that responds to temperature changes. The main material for it is invar, which is an alloy of nickel and iron. Under the influence of temperature, the rod begins to lengthen or shorten. It is connected to a valve, which, under the influence of this rod, regulates the gas supply to the burner.

Today, manufacturers add two sensors to the mechanical automation unit:

• Flame sensor.
• Traction sensor.

Both devices immediately turn off the gas supply to the boiler if the pressure in the pipe drops sharply or the draft in the chimney suddenly drops. The design of these sensors is based on the bending of a thin plate made from an alloy of two metals. For example, if the temperature is high, the plates flex and hold the valve open. As soon as the flame has decreased, the plate straightens and closes the valve. The same thing happens in a chimney with a draft sensor.

Automatic multiblocks

Today, thanks to scientific and technological progress, we can use devices that, despite their compact size, have wide functionality. This also applies to automation for gas boilers. Manufacturers offer users multiblocks that include:

• Burner valve. Typically this device has a two-stage action.
• Gas pressure stabilizing device.
• Traction sensor.
• Thermal sensor.
• Thermostat.
• Combination gas valve.

Pay attention to the first valve. This device works in conjunction with a thermostat, which, using a temperature sensor directly in the heating circuit, controls the temperature of the coolant. A miniblock of this type can work in tandem with a thermostat installed in the room. The thermostat controls the air temperature, and, accordingly, the temperature regime for the gas boiler. The use of such a combination helps to adjust the operation of the heating boiler much more accurately.

Installation methods

• Wireless blocks.
• Wired blocks.

The difference is easy to understand from the name itself. Wired units use wires or cables to connect to the boiler. This applies in particular to thermostats and sensors. If the installation is carried out in already finished house, this option is not the best, since for installation you will need to do open or hidden wiring. If the hidden option is chosen, then you will need to trench the walls, which will bring unnecessary costs. The wireless option is a much better solution, which, however, is more expensive.

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Gas heating boilers are high-risk devices. If used incorrectly or malfunctioning, they can cause poisoning. natural gas, combustion products, may cause a fire or even an explosion. That is why all processes taking place in boiler units must be carried out under constant control, for which gas automation for boilers is responsible.

Design and principle of operation

All components of automation used in heating systems can be divided into two large groups:

1. Devices that ensure correct and safe work boiler equipment.
2. Devices that increase comfort when using the boiler unit.

The automatic safety system for gas boilers includes:

• Flame control module. This module includes a thermocouple and an electromagnetic gas valve that shuts off the gas supply.
• A device for protecting against overheating and maintaining a set temperature, which is a thermostat. This device is responsible for turning the boiler off and on when the temperature of the coolant in the circuit reaches peak levels set by the user.
• Traction control sensor. The operation of this device is based on changing the position of a bimetallic plate, which is connected by a lever to a gas valve that shuts off the fuel supply to the burner.
• The blast (safety) valve is responsible for excess coolant in the heating circuit.

In some models of boiler equipment, the manufacturer provides for the presence of an air exhaust device. All devices included in the automatic security system are non-volatile or mechanical. If there are actuators and a control controller, they can operate under electronic control.

Automation for comfort provides the owner of the installation with additional functionality: automatic ignition of the burner; self-diagnosis and selection functions optimal mode operation, flame modulation, etc. This type of automation is optional and is not used in some models.

The operating principle of the electronic security system is based on receiving data from sensors, which are processed by a microprocessor-controlled controller. Based on the data received from sensors and sensors, the controller sends commands to the drives of the safety actuators.

Let's look at the principle of operation of the mechanical automation of a gas boiler in more detail. The heating system is not working - the gas valve is closed. To start the boiler, the washer on the valve is squeezed out. This operation forcibly opens the valve, gas flows to the igniter. After the igniter is ignited, the thermocouple is heated. It generates enough voltage to operate an electromagnet that holds the gas valve open.

By turning the washer it is established required power boiler: gas with the right pressure enters the burner - ignition occurs from the igniter. After starting the boiler installation, the thermostat takes over control of the coolant temperature.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeK4dSo3B9Y Almost all boiler equipment safety systems work according to this principle, regardless of the brand. When choosing this system for a boiler, it is recommended to pay attention to equipment of the same brand as the boiler. For example, it is best to look for automatic equipment for BOSH gas boilers of this particular brand.

Functionality of the heating system safety system

All important processes that occur in the boiler unit are controlled by automation. Automation for gas heating boilers provides control over:

• Gas pressure. If it falls below the permissible value, the fuel supply to the burner is stopped. This happens automatically thanks to a valve mechanism adjusted to a specific fuel pressure. In volatile safety modules, gas pressure control is controlled by maximum and minimum pressure switches. These devices consist of a membrane with a rod. When the fuel pressure increases, the membrane bends and opens the power contacts of the boiler installation. When the pressure normalizes, the power contacts are set to the closed position.
• The presence of a flame in the burner. In the absence of a flame, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing the current necessary to operate the solenoid valve of the gas valve, which shuts off the fuel supply to the burner.
• The presence of draft in the smoke exhaust channel. When the thrust decreases, the bimetallic plate of the sensor heats up and changes its shape. The rod connecting the sensor plate to the valve takes it out of operation and the gas supply to the burner stops.
• The temperature of the coolant in the circuit. The thermostat is responsible for preventing overheating and maintaining the temperature of the coolant in the circuit.

Almost all modern security systems are equipped with monitoring sensors and relays for the presence and pressure of coolant in the system. This type of automation is most often implemented in volatile systems. Any automation can fail due to poor quality, improper operation and maintenance. Next, you can familiarize yourself with the characteristic malfunctions of the boiler automation and methods for eliminating them yourself.


You should know that independent intervention in the structure gas installations prohibited by law. That is why we strongly recommend that if a malfunction occurs in your heating installation, you contact specialists who have a state certificate to carry out this work.

Stepping away from the topic, we would like to inform you that we have prepared comparative reviews for gas boilers. You can familiarize yourself with them in the following materials:

The most popular models of safety systems for boiler equipment

Today on Russian market climate control technology More than a dozen automation models from different brands are presented. The popularity of a particular brand depends entirely on the demand for heating units of the same brand. Many owners of domestic boiler equipment ask how the automation works in a Lemax gas boiler? These installations use EvroSit automation from an Italian manufacturer. It is this automation system that ranks first in popularity among domestic manufacturers of heating devices.

Models in this line have good functionality and are easily integrated into almost any boiler design. Standard functions: gas pressure control; monitoring the presence of flame in the burner and on the igniter; control of coolant temperature and chimney draft. Using the automation of this brand does not cause any particular difficulties for owners, but requires some skills.

1. Before starting the device, you must press the adjustment and ignition knob and at the same time the piezoelectric element button.
2. After igniting the igniter, it is necessary to hold the knob pressed for 5 to 10 seconds to heat the thermocouple.
3. If, after releasing the handle, the igniter does not go out, then you can proceed to turning the washer to adjust the gas pressure. After this, the main burner is ignited.

Automation of this brand is quite widespread in the Russian market of climate control equipment due to its relatively low cost, good functionality and wide model range. Standard functionality: maintaining coolant temperature in the range from 40 to 90°C; control of pressure and fuel supply; automatic stop of the device in case of absence or occurrence; control over the presence of flame in the burner.

Rostov products today are in demand by domestic users on a par with European automation models due to their reliability and low cost. The functionality of automatic AOGV systems is also quite rich. The standard capabilities of this equipment make it possible to stop the operation of the boiler unit if the following situations occur: the temperature of the coolant exceeds the set level; failure of flame in the igniter and burner; low pressure and lack of coolant in the system; any failure in the gas supply system; fuel pressure drops below established norm; in the absence or insufficient traction. How does the automation of a gas boiler AOGV work? The operation of the gas valve is controlled by the voltage generated by the thermocouple. It is this voltage that acts on the valve coil and keeps it open while the burner is burning. Temperature regulation occurs due to a thermostat and valves, which, when the temperature rises or falls, opens or shuts off the fuel supplied to the burner. The exhaust gas removal is monitored by a draft sensor. Do right choice automation for gas boilers is quite difficult. We strongly recommend seeking professional help.

The basic principle of operation of gas boilers is based on the fact that when gas is supplied to the boiler, electronic ignition or piezo ignition is turned on. The spark ignites the igniter, which burns constantly. Supplying gas to the burner in the absence of a burning igniter is not allowed - such a situation is dangerous with an explosion. The igniter ignites the main burner, which heats the coolant in the boiler to the specified parameters. After this, the automatic system turns off the burner. As the temperature in the boiler decreases, the temperature sensor (thermocouple) gives a signal to the valve to supply gas. And the burner lights up again.

Automation for floor-standing boilers such as Buderus Logamatic 4211, 4212.

Modern boilers are usually equipped with automatic control systems. Automation of gas boilers comes in varying degrees of complexity. These systems are designed to ensure the operation of equipment (boiler) without the participation and constant supervision of people. Automatic systems for boilers perform various functions, among which:

• safety;
• automatic on/off;
• control based on various criteria: time, weather and others.

According to this, all boiler automation elements can be divided into several groups, in accordance with its type, design and functional purpose.

Armature

Gas fittings are an actuator, one of those that execute commands from the circuit to control the boiler. Changes in gas valve regulators trigger the processes of starting and stopping boiler equipment, as well as adjusting its power. The main purpose of gas fittings is to ensure safe operation of the boiler.

Valves

Boilers with built-in gas burners are equipped gas valves with the main function - to open and stop the gas supply to the burner. Such boilers include, first of all, wall-mounted gas boilers. They can also include floor standing boilers, equipped gas burners atmospheric type.

Minimum pressure switch (gas)

Honeywell brand gas valve for low-power boiler equipment

Gas burners are designed to be used at rated gas pressure - that's what they are designed for. It is with these indicators that the declared useful power of the boiler will be ensured. With a decrease in gas pressure, a drop in power is also observed. Boilers equipped with atmospheric gas burners are sensitive to a decrease in gas pressure - the pipes may burn out. The falling gas pressure leads to the “settling” of the flame so that the metal part of the burner appears in the zone of the torch itself. And this can lead to breakdowns.

To protect the boiler and burner, a minimum voltage relay is used. gas pressure. The relay turns off the boiler when the pressure drops below the set value. The limit value can be changed when setting up the boiler. The gas pressure switch is structurally a kind of membrane that acts on a group of contacts. When the pressure decreases, the membrane moves under the influence of a spring and the electrical contacts switch. Switching the contacts breaks the electrical circuit, which precisely controls the operation of the boiler. The power supply to the gas valve stops and the boiler stops working. When the gas pressure is restored, the membrane will return to its original position, the contacts will switch again - and the boiler will be ready to start again. But other processes are subsequently determined by the logic of the actual control automation, and they may vary. Minimum pressure switches are mounted at the gas inlet into the boiler directly in front of the multiblock. Or in front of the front gas valve.

Dungs brand gas valve for floor-standing heating boilers

Maximum pressure switch (gas)

Relay devices for maximum gas pressure are designed to protect boilers from possible overheating or from the danger of destruction due to an uncontrolled increase in pressure on the burner. This can lead to an increase in the size of the torch itself and ultimately to burnout of the combustion chamber, which is not intended for this. In addition, gas valves may not close as gas pressure increases. A rise in pressure can also be caused by a breakdown of gas fittings on the supply line.

The relay is connected in series with the minimum pressure switch in the electrical circuit. This is done in such a way that the operation of any of them somehow turns off the boiler. The design of the relay is similar to the first one.

Thermostat

Thermostats for boilers heating systems are perhaps one of the relatively simple electromechanical devices used in the control circuits of this equipment. Their main purpose is to maintain the specified parameters of the coolant temperature in the boiler. It is also possible to have maximum and minimum threshold limits for this temperature. Thermostats, therefore, can be classified as both control devices for automatic boiler equipment and safety devices.

Controller

Controllers are special electronic devices that are designed to implement a rather complex algorithm for controlling a heating installation under changing environmental conditions. The controllers are different in their functions and capabilities. But all of them have special temperature and pressure sensors installed. The controllers are well classified. They are distinguished by control algorithms, by control objects, by direct integration with the boiler, by communication capabilities, etc.

Useful video

(description)
The boiler room contains two boilers (models Vitoligno-100 and Vaillant). Heating controller brand Kromschroder E8.0634. When the Vitoligno-100 boiler is flooded, the operation of the second boiler (Vaillant) stops synchronously. The drive closes the heating pipe of the gas boiler, connecting the pipe of the solid fuel apparatus. A solid fuel boiler operates on a storage tank, from which hot water flows into the heating system. When the boiler ends, the tank’s operation also ends, the temperature drops to less than 30 degrees. The gas boiler turns on again, and the heating system receives heat from it directly. The water in the boiler is heated from the storage tank if the temperature in it is above 50 degrees, in the case of lower temperatures, hot water provides a gas boiler. The entire system operates automatically. Two heating circuits: one radiator type, the other - underfloor heating type. A pair of mixing units are installed.

Security automation

Minimum and maximum coolant pressure switch

An important element in the boiler safety system is considered to be protection against an emergency decrease in pressure in the pressure system. A fall can occur due to various reasons, including a leak, a broken expansion tank, or failure safety valves. Low pressure of the coolant can cause it to boil in the system, as well as airing it, which can lead to the cessation of circulation through the boiler and, as a result, to overheating.

Protection against such falls can be provided by installing a special relay (minimum pressure) on the pipeline next to the boiler. It is a membrane on which the coolant presses. The membrane is connected to a whole system of electrical contacts. When the pressure in the system drops below the set values, the contacts switch. As the setting point, select the minimum permissible coolant pressure values ​​at which the system will be operational. The relay is electrically connected to the general burner control circuit. If the pressure drops, the burner will stop working.

No less dangerous is an excessive increase in pressure. For emergency stop When the boiler pressure increases above operating values, a maximum pressure switch is used. It is similar to a minimal relay, but only has the opposite purpose - it switches contacts above the setting point. The relay is also included in the electrical circuit of the burner.

Both types of relays come with automatic restart and manual restart.

In the first case, when the parameters are normalized, the electrical contacts return to their original state and the boiler automatically resumes its operation.

In the second case, operator intervention will be required to start the relay. Typically this type of relay has two contacts. One is connected to the burner, the second is connected to a signaling device (lamp, buzzer). When the relay is triggered, the panic button will turn on.

Coolant presence sensor

Other boilers can fail even during short-term operation in the absence of coolant. To prevent such situations, a sensor for the presence (or absence) of coolant is designed. This is especially important for electric boilers with heating elements. The sensor is installed either next to the boiler or inside. It is included in the control circuit of the device and closes the contacts only when the block is filled with coolant. The most common devices are reed switches and conductometric sensors.

In the first, the magnetic core is built directly into the float, which, when floating, closes the contacts only in the presence of liquid.

The second type of sensors are special electrodes placed in the hydraulic circuit. When the boiler is filled with coolant, current sometimes flows between the electrodes. A closed circuit is a sign of the normal coolant situation and a signal about the operation of the boiler.

Boiler priority relay

Boilers household use Most of them have such an opportunity as connecting to electrical diagram target that controls the DHW cylinder. This involves, among other things, connecting the power supply to the circulation pumps and switching them. For correct execution algorithms for the operation of heating system pumps and boiler (which is aimed at priority of water heating), a special boiler priority relay is used. This is a device that switches the power circuit of the pumps according to commands from the boiler control circuit. A relay is structurally a couple of groups of contacts controlled by a coil. The relay is used together with a base, which is mounted in the boiler. The entire load is attached to the base. When installing a relay socket, priority is ensured DHW systems. Without such a relay both thermal loads function independently.

Gas boiler room in a private house: VIDEO

Repair

Self-repair of damaged boiler automation is not only unpleasant, but most often practically hopeless, since boiler passports are not written for these purposes. And without exact knowledge of the circuit and all the intricacies of the device automatic system to the common man(not an electronics engineer) it’s better not to even start. Of course, I will not be opening America if I say that the best solution would be to initially buy a boiler with reliable automation from a reputable manufacturer, so you risk running into trouble less.