The surface must first be cleaned of dirt, dust, old wallpaper, oil stains and other deposits that can affect the adhesion (adhesion) between the plaster and the treated area.

• The wallpaper is generously moistened with a wide paint brush and peeled off with a spatula.
• old paint removed with a scraper or burned using blowtorch. A steel brush and abrasive paper can also be used to clean the base.
• Heavily soiled areas are washed using an alkaline detergent. Then the surface is washed cold water.
• Grease stains are treated with a solvent or removed mechanically.
• Metal parts are cleaned of rust and treated with special compounds to protect against corrosion.
• The beads are cut down using a chisel or a double-pointed hammer.
• At the final stage, the surface is either dusted with compressed air or treated with sandpaper and then wiped with a rag.

Before you start plastering, make sure that the surface is sufficiently smooth, stable (does not crumble if scraped with a sharp object) and does not wobble anywhere. Examine the base, make sure there are no chips or cracks on it, tap the surface with a mallet. Seal the seams so that they do not stand out, then clean the sealed areas, smooth them with finishing putty and treat them with an alkaline solution.

Padding

Before plastering, the surface must be primed. Applying a primer improves the adhesion of the coating to the base, promotes uniform distribution of the solution, ensures high-quality dust removal, and helps prevent the development of fungus and mold.

The primer is applied to the surface with a roller or brush in 1-2 layers. When treating intensely absorbent surfaces (foam concrete, aerated concrete, gas silicate), the number of layers should be increased.

Reinforcing mesh and shingles

The plaster mesh ensures retention of the coating on the wall, increases its mechanical strength, and prevents the formation of cracks. Its use is especially important when plastering ceilings, block and brick walls, as well as when the plaster layer is thick.

When the thickness of the plaster layer is less than 3 cm, a mesh of synthetic or glass fibers is used, which is aimed at the base using a construction stapler. If the thickness of the plaster layer exceeds 3 cm, it is recommended to install metal mesh with anti-corrosion coating, fixed to the wall with self-tapping screws.

The shingles are used for plastering wooden walls. It consists of narrow thin strips made of coniferous wood, which are stuffed crosswise onto the base at an angle of 45 degrees so that they form cells of the same size (40*40 cm for the ceiling and 45*45 cm for the walls). To increase the strength of the plaster layer, insulate and improve sound insulation, fibreboards, matting, felt and other materials are placed under the shingles.

Alignment by beacons

Beacon plaster allows you to create a smooth and even surface that looks like a solid slab. Strips of hardened plaster applied to the wall, aluminum structures, thin wooden blocks, and even drywall scraps can be used as beacons. The simplest and convenient option– use of metal (aluminum) beacons.

Beacon installation technology

Drill a hole in the corner of the wall, 10 cm away from the other wall and from the ceiling. Insert a self-tapping screw into the hole. Using a plumb line, draw a vertical line from this point. Repeat the operation, stepping back from the first line (the distance between the lines should be 20-30 cm less than the length of the rule). Mark the entire wall this way.

Throw plaster along the outermost marking line. Attach the beacon to the plaster, level its position using a level, make sure that it is level vertically and horizontally. Repeat the operation, installing the outermost beacon on the other side.

At the top and bottom of the wall, stretch the cords between the beacons, placing them horizontally parallel to each other.

Throw plaster at the locations of the intermediate beacons. Install the beacons and align their position with the cords.

Upon completion of the plastering work (after the mortar has completely dried), the beacons can be removed and the remaining holes can be sealed with plaster mortar. Some craftsmen prefer to leave beacons in the wall.

To work you will need a falcon, a spatula or trowel, a grater, a grater and a rule.

Choose a composition taking into account the characteristics of the surface. For curved walls with broken geometry, coarse-grained plaster is suitable, allowing you to smooth out unevenness and large defects.

A reinforcing mesh is pre-glued onto the block or brick base to prevent cracking of the plaster. The thickness of the plaster must be at least 5 mm, otherwise the masonry seams will be visible through it.

A smooth concrete wall can be plastered in one layer using fine-grained (finishing) plaster. Layer thickness is about 5 mm. For better adhesion, the surface is pre-primed with concrete contact.

In order for the coating to be of high quality and durable, several rules must be followed:

• Plastering must be performed at temperatures from +5 to +30 ºС. In the cold season like this temperature regime indoors should be installed in advance (so that the base has time to warm up) and stored for 3 days after plastering. Relative air humidity should be no more than 60%. Study the information on the mixture pack in advance - some formulations may require special conditions.
• Perform work from top to bottom. Start with the ceiling and then move to the walls.
• Clean and rinse tools thoroughly after each stage of work.
• Apply the next layer of plaster only after the previous one has completely dried.

Splash

This layer of plaster ensures adhesion of the coating to the wall. To create it, a solution that is not too thick is used, with a consistency similar to sour cream. The thickness of the layer is about 0.5 cm.

Scoop out the solution and place it on the center of the falcon. Do not take too much material so that it does not fall off the surface of the tool. Bring the falcon to the base, tilting it slightly towards the wall. Take a trowel a large number of solution and throw it onto the surface, making a sharp movement away from you.

Cover the base with the solution gradually, in strips, moving from bottom to top. Try to throw the material from the same distance all the time. When finished, remove protruding areas if necessary. There is no need to level the coating.

Wait until the plaster layer hardens. After making sure that the material does not crumble or press through when pressed, proceed to the next step.

Priming

This layer makes it possible to align walls with broken geometry, ensures the strength of the coating and gives it heat-protective properties. To create it, use a thicker solution. The thickness of the layer should not exceed 1.5-2 cm, otherwise the material will begin to slide. If it is necessary to create a thick soil, the solution should be applied in several layers.

Apply the solution to the base between the two beacons. Set the rule on the protruding parts of the beacons, and then move it from top to bottom with a sharp movement. Repeat the operation until a smooth surface is formed, located flush with the edges of the beacons. Do not try to eliminate small holes and minor roughness - their leveling will be done in the next step.

Level each layer of soil. Particular care should be taken when leveling the top layer. Allow the soil to harden.

Covering

The covering is the top layer of plaster, which will subsequently be rubbed down to create a flat and smooth surface. To create it, a liquid solution with a creamy consistency is used. The layer thickness should not exceed 2 mm.

Before preparing the solution, sift the components of the mixture through a sieve with cells no larger than 1.5 mm.

Wet the primer with water using a paint brush. Apply the solution with a trowel, and then smooth the surface with a trowel, making circular or wave-like movements.

Grouting (grouting)

This operation is performed immediately after the end of the previous stage, when the solution is still processable, but no longer sticks to the grater. Mashing can be done in a circular or accelerating manner.

When grouting in a circular manner, use a float to make circular movements counterclockwise, pressing the tool tightly against the surface.

Competitive grouting allows you to create a more even and smooth coating. It is usually performed after grouting in a circular manner, pressing the float to the surface and making straight, sharp strokes.

If some areas of the coating have already hardened and are difficult to machine, they should be moistened with water using a paint brush.

To make the surface even smoother, it can finally be treated with a grater covered with soft fabric (felt or felt).

Gypsum-based plasters are used to level walls in residential premises. Surfaces prepared in this way are best suited for painting or wallpapering. We’ll talk about how to apply such plaster on a wall with your own hands in this article.

Properties and scope of application of gypsum plaster

Gypsum solution allows you to create a flat and smooth surface

Gypsum plaster can be applied to: concrete, foam concrete, brickwork, plaster walls and ceilings, cement-sand bases, as well as other surfaces that are not prone to deformation under the influence of moisture.

Gypsum compositions have many positive qualities:

1. They allow you to get a very even and smooth surface, which is especially important if the walls will subsequently be painted or covered with thin wallpaper.
2. Gypsum plasters are economical in consumption, and working with them is simple, quick and convenient.
3. Due to its low thermal conductivity, this material acts as an additional insulation for walls.
4. Gypsum is capable of absorbing excess moisture from the air and release it when the room becomes too dry. Thanks to this property, gypsum-based plaster constantly maintains optimal microclimate in the room.
5. All components included in the material are hygienic and environmentally friendly, do not cause allergic reactions, and do not have an unpleasant odor.
6. The fire safety of gypsum is another of its undeniable advantages.
7. You can safely drive nails or screw dowels into the surface finished with gypsum.

There are not many disadvantages of gypsum mixtures; the main disadvantage can be considered good hygroscopicity. This quality does not allow the use of plaster for finishing the facades of buildings or rooms with permanent high level humidity. However, the scope of application of such material is quite wide. Gypsum-based plaster is used to decorate walls, partitions and ceilings in bedrooms, kitchens, halls, hallways and other rooms of residential buildings. This material can also be found in commercial buildings: offices, shops, shopping centers, banks, hairdressers, etc.

Rules for preparing the solution

Gypsum plaster is stirred with a construction mixer or a drill with an attachment.

The process of preparing the solution is quite simple:

1. Take a deep container and fill it with clean water. The amount of liquid is determined at the rate of 500-700 ml per 1 kg of dry gypsum powder.
2. Pour into container plaster mixture and mix the mass with a construction mixer or drill with a special attachment. If you do not have such devices, try to thoroughly mix the ingredients by hand.
3. Leave the plaster for 5 minutes until it becomes homogeneous, and then mix well again.

The finished solution can be applied to walls. It will retain its properties for the next half hour, after which it will begin to harden. It is unacceptable to dilute it with water or add any foreign components to the mixture..

Subtleties of working with gypsum composition, surface preparation

Working with gypsum plaster is easier than cement plaster. Gypsum mortar has good elasticity and is applied to the wall easier and faster. Temperature environment in this case it should not be lower than +5 °C and not higher than +30 °C.

The gypsum solution should be used up within the first 30 minutes after its preparation, so you need to dilute the dry powder with water in such an amount that you can use at a time.

The surface to be covered with plaster must be pre-prepared. This means that it must be clean, smooth, and free of deep cracks, sagging mortar, and remnants of the previous coating. All staples, nails, bolts, hooks and other protruding elements should be removed. If some metal parts cannot be removed, they must be treated with an anti-corrosion coating. It is better to cover up too deep depressions and cracks first cement plaster or putty. Before starting plastering work, it is advisable to cover the base with a layer of primer.

Surfaces with a porous structure and good hygroscopicity must be especially carefully primed, applying the composition several times. Such surfaces include: brick, cinder blocks, foam concrete, aerated concrete, cement-lime plaster.

How to plaster a wall correctly

Surface leveling using beacons

Beacons are often used when plastering walls in order to control the thickness of the applied layer and the evenness of the finish. To plaster the surface in this way, prepare the following tools:

• two building codes of different lengths;
• trowel;
• building level;
• metal spatula;
• containers for primer and plaster mortar;
• construction mixer or drill with an attachment;
• pencil;
• paintbrush;
• grater;
• hacksaw for metal;
• hammer;
• perforator;
• galvanized beacons and fasteners for their installation.

The process of applying gypsum mortar using beacons can be described sequentially:

1. In order for the plaster to adhere well to the base, and the surface to be strong and smooth after drying, the wall must first be cleaned of all contaminants: paint, oil stains, fragments of the previous finish, construction dust, mortar deposits, etc. The easiest way to remove small particles is with a wide brush. The solution and fragments of old plaster are removed with a hammer, grease and oil stains are wiped off with a solvent.
2. After this, the working base is treated with a deep penetration primer and allowed to dry completely.
3. When the surface is prepared, begin mixing the gypsum plaster. Then beacons are placed on the wall, securing them level so that the thickness of the plaster layer is as small as possible. Before installing beacons, markings are made on the surface. In the marked places, throw a little mortar onto the wall and embed the beacons in it, guided by the level. The step between the beacons should be 30-50 cm - the smaller this distance is, the easier it will be to finish the wall with plaster. In any case, the step between the beacons should not exceed the length of the building regulations.
4. Using the beacons as a guide, plaster mortar is poured onto the wall and leveled in an even layer. For this work they useh-rule. Excess mixture is removed or used to fill bald spots.
5. The plaster is allowed to dry a little, after which the surface is leveled with a rule-cutter. After about 30 minutes, do a test trim. If the rule does not remove the top layer of plaster, but clings to the rest of the mortar, the wall is left to dry for a few more minutes. Please note that in this case it is also not worth overexposing the plaster.
6. After 2 hours, when the plaster has set well, the wall is puttied. To do this, first moisten it with a spray bottle and wait until the water is absorbed into the plaster. As soon as the shine disappears from the surface, the wall is rubbed with a special trowel. The water with which the base was moistened turns the top layer of plaster into gypsum milk. This milk is distributed with a grater over the wall, filling up the smallest irregularities.
7. After this, the wall is smoothed well again with a wide spatula or a special trowel. If you need to make the surface glossy, the next day it is moistened again with a spray bottle and polished with a spatula until the desired effect is achieved.

The dried gypsum surface is ready for finishing - for example, painting or wallpapering.

Video: plastering walls with gypsum mixture

Applying plaster without beacons

A broad building rule allows you to make the layer of mortar on the wall even and smooth

Gypsum plaster can be applied to the wall without the use of beacons.

First you need to prepare the following tools:

• building rule more than 2.5 cm wide;
• wide and narrow spatulas;
• paint brush for applying primer;
• a construction mixer or drill equipped with a special attachment;
• deep container for mixing plaster mortar.

We will describe the process of plastering walls without using beacons in stages:

1. As in the previous case, the working base is pre-prepared by cleaning it from dirt, knocking down old layers of finishing and removing all unnecessary elements. Then the surface is coated with a deep penetration primer.
2. With the help of building rules, those irregularities are found on the wall that will subsequently need to be repaired. Such places are outlined with a pencil.
3. After this they prepare plaster mortar using a drill or mixer. The thicker the coating layer, the smaller the amount of mixture that needs to be done at a time, since the unprocessed mass hardens quickly.
4. Gypsum plaster is applied to the walls with a spatula, the width of which is at least 45 cm. The solution is spread on a wide spatula with a narrower, 8-centimeter tool. The plaster is applied with a slight excess, going beyond the boundaries marked with a pencil. After treating a small section of the wall, it is smoothed using construction rules, removing excess mortar. After this, they begin plastering the next fragment. At this stage, the wall is not brought to ideal condition, and level differences can vary within a few millimeters.
5. After applying the plaster, the wall is allowed to dry for about 30 minutes, and then the resulting irregularities are cut off using building rules. The transition areas of the layers are additionally rubbed with a liquid gypsum mixture.
6. The room with plastered walls is left for a day so that the plaster is completely dry. After this, the surface is cleaned again with a spatula or a special trowel, then a layer of deep penetration primer is applied and allowed to dry.

Before the beginning finishing The wall is puttied, filling up small irregularities on it. When the putty dries, the surface is ready for painting, wallpapering or other types of finishing.

Gypsum plaster is well suited for leveling walls in rooms with low humidity. It is not difficult to carry out work on finishing the surface with such material yourself, using one of the two methods described above.

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Wall decoration with decorative plaster is now gaining great popularity. This option has become a serious competitor to conventional wallpaper when carrying out repairs. Exist different types plaster for interior decoration premises. The main difference is the texture and method of application.

Kinds decorative plaster may be as follows:

• structural, which contains inclusions of a certain size;
• textured, which allows you to form a smooth relief surface;
• Venetian, imitating marble.

Before applying decorative plaster, you need to carefully study the features of each option and application technology.

Structural

Methods for applying decorative plaster to obtain a structure involve the use of heterogeneous granular compositions. A type of material is obtained by adding small pebbles, quartz fragments, wood fibers, etc. to the plaster. The finishing material is made from cement and limestone. Synthetic latexes or silicates are also added to the composition. It is better to select the composition from ready-made mixtures. This is the only way to achieve good results. When mixing the components yourself, a good result is not guaranteed.

To prepare high-quality plaster it is better to use ready-made mixtures

Finishing walls with textured plaster is easier if you use compositions based on aqueous solvents. This is due to the fact that before applying decorative plaster with your own hands, you will not have to “evacuate” the apartment’s residents. Material on water based does not have a strong odor.

Finishing walls with plaster of this type is easy. This is due to the high ductility of the material and its obedience during operation. The technology for applying decorative plaster is simple and convenient. The work can be completed immediately. There is no need to prepare the mixture, since it is sold already in liquid form in jars or buckets.

Using decorative plaster you can create any structure different shades

The application technique is as follows:

• You need to prepare materials and tools for decorative plaster. For the structural composition you will need a roller, trowel or spatula.
• Before laying decorative plaster, you need to prepare the surface. A perfectly flat base is not necessary. The thickness of the plaster layer and its structure can hide small defects. First, the surface is cleaned of dirt, dust and grease. After this, the bulges are knocked down and large cracks and potholes are covered.
• A clean and dry base strengthens primer composition. With him decorative paints and the plasters will stick to the surface better. This layer also prevents the exchange of moisture between the base and the finishing material. You can begin applying decorative plaster yourself only after the wall primer has completely dried.
• The principle of the work performed is suitable for all compositions: mineral, silicone or silicate based. Plastering is carried out using a trowel or spatula in one layer. The coating is applied to the wall using circular or linear movements.
• After application, the layer must be allowed to dry. At the same time, it is necessary to control that the room maintains a constant temperature and humidity, and that there are no drafts. Failure to comply with these rules can lead to deterioration in the quality of the decorative layer and the appearance of cracks.

To apply the composition and create a structure, use a roller or spatula

Do-it-yourself structural decorative plaster of walls is perfect for finishing common areas, for example, an entrance hall, a kitchen or a corridor. In some interiors, it can harmoniously fit into the space of a bedroom or living room.

Before starting work, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions. It indicates a more specific application technique and how to use the material correctly.

Textured

The method of applying decorative plaster with your own hands allows you to obtain an original texture. The boundary between textured and structural plasters is drawn rather arbitrarily. Methods for applying the composition in question make it possible to obtain complex options. For example, imitation wood, crinkled paper, natural stone.

Imitation stone

This option is suitable for almost any room. Making decorative plaster of a textured type allows you to support any design.

Most often, lime flour is added to the composition as the main ingredient. But you can also find polymer-based plasters. Polymers improve performance characteristics. This composition does not crack when dried. In work, polymers allow you to create a more relief and interesting pattern.

The finishing properties largely depend on the fillers. Fibers of different materials, granite or marble chips are introduced into the textured solution. The consumption of decorative plaster largely depends on the complexity of the chosen pattern.

Textured plaster can be selected to suit any design

How to apply textured decorative plaster:

• Before applying the solution correctly, you will need to prepare the base. The inner surface is treated in almost the same way in all cases. Here the requirements are the same as for the structural composition: absence of contamination and severe unevenness.
• Before working with decorative plaster, you need to coat the wall with a primer. This layer should be allowed to dry.
• After the primer, a base paint is used, which is applied with a brush. There are compositions on sale that combine two functions: a primer and a substrate. They are worth buying to reduce time costs and simplify the process.
• Decorative wall plaster, the application technology of which involves the use of a spatula, trowel or brush, is laid in 1-2 layers. The thickness depends on the complexity of the terrain. The more interesting it is, the more solution will be required. It is not recommended to apply a layer thicker than 20 mm at a time.
• A master class on decorative plaster should be completed with a finishing layer. Transparent paints, which are also called glaze paints, are used as such a composition. They not only protect the surface, but also give it a pleasant pearlescent shine. Options for applying decorative plaster can also consider using paint, impregnation or special wax as a final layer.

Preparing the wall

Creating relief using film overlay

Creating relief with film prints

Decorative plaster, the pros and cons of which should be read separately, will give the premises a complete and unique look. The advantage of this composition is its high plasticity and the ability to give the finished surface a rather complex texture. But the medal also has back side: difficulty of application. Getting an original drawing is not so easy. You may first need to take a master class on applying decorative plaster from an experienced craftsman.

This will help you understand how to properly and efficiently plaster brick walls inside the house and surfaces made of other materials.

Venetian

This type of decorative plaster for interior works allows you to get an imitation of marble. The texture turns out very beautiful. The material is perfect for almost any room.

Imitation marble

The composition is sold in ready-made liquid form. The weight of a can or bucket usually ranges from 7 to 25 kg. The plaster contains marble flour and slaked lime. An aqueous emulsion is used, which avoids unpleasant odor when applied.

Before plastering brick walls, you will need to level them. Decorative plaster can be applied to the walls only after the base is perfect. This type of material does not tolerate shortcomings. This is the difficulty of working with Venetian plaster.

If necessary, the solution can be painted in any color. With this plaster you can create amazing mosaics or entire paintings with your own hands. The advantages also include environmental friendliness and safety. The composition is suitable even for the bedroom. The surface is fireproof and wear-resistant. After application, the layer dries quite quickly.

Venetian plaster allows you to finish the walls like marble

Training in decorative techniques may look like this:

• First you should prepare the materials and tools for applying decorative plaster. Here you will need a medium-sized spatula and sandpaper with very small particles.
• After cleaning the surface, begin leveling the base. It must be perfect. First of all, get rid of chips. After this, you need to smooth out the cracks and depressions using cement-sand mortar or putty. To eliminate defects as much as possible, apply a leveling layer of Portland cement-based plaster. The thickness of the layer is determined depending on the severity of base defects. On average, 20 mm will be enough. Evenness is controlled using the beacon rule. To do this, before starting work, special strips with a certain pitch are installed on the wall. Another option for leveling is plasterboard sheets.
• The leveling layer must be allowed to dry. After this, you can apply the primer. This will allow the finishing material to better adhere to the wall.
• Venetian plaster is tinted before application. After this, take a spatula and begin to apply the mass to the base with thin strokes. The entire surface must be treated. If necessary, the solution is applied in several layers. The maximum thickness per application cannot exceed 12 mm.
• After application, allow time to dry. It is important to control the temperature and humidity conditions. It is recommended to close doors and windows to prevent drafts. Violating this rule will result in cracks appearing on the surface when drying.
• When the surface is dry, begin cleaning. To do this you will need sandpaper. The work is performed in a circular motion. Everything should be done very carefully.
• The last stage is protection. The finished layer must be coated with special white wax in one layer.

The Venetian plaster finishing technique involves applying the mass in small strokes

Which is better?

There is no exact answer to this answer. Each case must be considered separately. In one case, the plaster will be better structural, and in the other, textured. The choice should be made depending on the interior of the room. But it is worth taking into account the experience of the master and his skill. Before choosing decorative plaster, you need to objectively assess your capabilities. For example, an option such as Venetian coating is not for everyone.

Creating the texture of marble chips

Application to ceilings

When renovating your home, you need to take care of more than just the walls. Carrying out work on the ceiling is more labor intensive. Here you will have to constantly raise your head, which can be very tiring. General principle practically no different from the technology for walls.

The thickness of the plaster layer on the ceiling is 5 mm

There is only one difference. If on the wall the maximum layer thickness for a structural and textured mixture is 20 mm, then on the ceiling it is reduced to 5 mm. To level the base, it is recommended to use drywall rather than special compounds.

About the fact that plastering walls - effective method Almost everyone knows how to eliminate defects and uneven surfaces. But when you need to do the work yourself for the first time, many questions often arise related to the technology of applying the solution to various surfaces. Let's look at how a beginner can plaster walls with his own hands: videos, photos and recommendations from experts.

Before you start plastering the surface, you need to accurately understand all the features and nuances of this process. In this case, there will be no insurmountable obstacles for the novice master, and the result of the work will be close to professional.

In addition to theoretical knowledge in this area, it is important to gain basic practical skills that will help in future work. It's best to practice on a small, less visible area first. This will give you the opportunity to test your own capabilities and identify typical mistakes arising during the work process.

The experience of plastering will be useful to any owner of an apartment or private house who prefers to do repairs themselves. Plaster is often used to level the surface, which the walls of almost all old houses need.

It is important to choose the right plaster mixture, taking into account the features and material from which the wall is built. It is also worth considering the type of surface and environmental features. This largely depends on whether the work will be carried out outside or inside the building. Let's consider the features of the technology for each type of surface.

How to plaster a brick wall with your own hands

To properly plaster a brick wall, it is better to use a mixture that was made on the basis of cement. Sometimes lime is included in the composition, which gives the mixture additional plasticity. This allows the plaster to be used in rooms characterized by high humidity. Or in the case when work is carried out outside the building.

The procedure for applying plaster to a brick wall is carried out taking into account the following recommendations:

• the layer of mixture that is applied to the brick wall should not be more than 30 mm. It is important to know that if the layer thickness is more than 20 mm, a chain-link mesh must be used as a base. This will keep the mixture layer in place and make it more reliable, preventing the coating from falling off the wall over time. Plastered in this way can be both external and interior walls building;
• In order for the coating characteristics to ultimately meet the requirements, it is necessary to correctly mix all the ingredients, observing the following proportions: to 1 part of cement, you need to add ¾ of sand, having previously cleaned and sifted it. After this, water is added and all components are mixed until the solution becomes plastic, while maintaining its thickness;
• Another option is a cement-lime mixture. To prepare it you will need 1 part cement, as well as 5/7 parts sand and ½ part lime paste. In this case, you first need to mix the cement and sand, and then add lime, previously diluted in water to the consistency of milk.

Helpful advice! If, as a result of preparing the plaster according to all the recommendations, the mixture still turns out to be too thick, you can add a small amount of water.

One of the most difficult cases is the need to plaster over facing bricks. Its surface is too smooth and this significantly impairs the adhesive properties of the plaster. In some cases, the use of reinforcing mesh may not be effective and the plaster crumbles into pieces or simply rolls off the surface. For such complex surfaces There is an available solution in the form of special primer compounds.

Although many people prefer to do everything themselves by watching a training video. For beginners, plastering walls may seem overwhelming. challenging task However, the necessary skill is formed quickly, and after just a few hours of training, applying the mixture evenly and beautifully will be much easier.

Note! A video on how a beginner can plaster plasterboard walls with his own hands can be very useful. This process has its own nuances and, if necessary, should be considered on an individual basis.

How to plaster walls: video instructions for working with a concrete surface

Working with a concrete surface has its own nuances. If the surface is smooth, preliminary preparation and application of a primer will be required, to which quartz inclusions are added. This allows you to make the wall rough and ensure the necessary adhesion of the surface to the plaster. To enhance the adhesion of the mixture and the wall, it is recommended to add gypsum powder to the solution at the mixing stage.

What is the best way to plaster the walls inside the house, if we are talking about concrete surface? For this purpose, a gypsum-lime mortar is suitable, which can be prepared using following components: 1 part gypsum and ¾ parts lime. First of all, gypsum is mixed with water. This must be done very quickly to prevent the mixture from thickening. Then add lime mortar and again quickly mix it all until smooth.

A complex preparation process is not required if the concrete wall initially has a rough surface. In this case, it will be quite enough to use traditional technology for applying plaster.

Helpful advice! Experts say that regardless of the type concrete wall to be plastered, it would be useful to first apply a layer of deep penetration primer.

How to plaster walls in a bathroom: advantages and disadvantages of various options

The answer to the question of how to plaster bathroom walls under tiles requires special attention. Difficult operating conditions characterized by high humidity and constant temperature changes can negatively affect the condition of the coating.

You have to choose what to plaster the walls in the bathtub from two options: cement and gypsum composition. The first option provides excellent waterproofing, which in conditions of high humidity is an undeniable advantage. In addition, the material is characterized by vapor permeability and extremely high strength.

But the use of gypsum plaster for finishing a bathroom has some nuances that will have to be taken into account. First of all, this concerns the thickness of the layer. It should not exceed 20 mm. And before you start laying tiles, you must treat the surface with a primer.

Thus, in the bathroom it is better to plaster the walls with cement mortar. The material is easy to apply with your own hands, and its characteristics show that the coating will last for many years and will be a good base for tiles.

Separately, it is worth considering the question of how a beginner can plaster a ceiling with his own hands. Video tutorials demonstrate all the complexities and subtleties of this task, so the owner can only follow the recommendations to get a good result.

How to properly plaster walls with your own hands: features of working with foam concrete

One of the main conditions for working with foam concrete is the use of reinforcing mesh. In this case, it is permissible to use both gypsum and cement mortar. The main thing is to properly prepare the surface by treating it with a special impregnating primer that can penetrate deep into the surface. But sometimes it is still necessary to use additional measures, for example, fixing a special reinforcing fiberglass mesh called “serpyanka”.

A responsible approach to the issue of choosing materials for plastering walls determines the service life of the coating, as well as the level of comfort during the work process. In specialized stores you can find ready-made mixtures for any type of surface. Therefore, if you don’t want to bother mixing the components yourself, you can simply purchase ready-made option. This product is simply diluted with water, after which it is ready for use. Moreover, the recommendations of the manufacturers will allow you to understand what is better to plaster the walls in a particular case.

Important! Considering the variety of dry building mixtures, it is very easy to get confused and buy something that is not exactly what is required. Therefore, it is recommended to carefully read all instructions and recommendations provided by the product manufacturer.

How a beginner can plaster walls with his own hands: video instructions

It is necessary to carry out preparatory work aimed at cleaning the surface from various kinds contamination and remove old finishing materials. This stage is important because it determines how well the plaster will hold up in the future.

In order to ensure reliable adhesion, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the wall, removing anything that may be between its base and the plaster. The cleaning method is selected taking into account the characteristics of the material from which the wall is made. All cracks identified during the preparatory stage must be eliminated in order to prevent cracking of the plaster in the future.

You can repair cracks in the wall different ways, each of which is suitable for a particular size of damage. Small cracks that extend deep into the wall will require widening to reach the narrowest part.

Having found its base, cleaning is carried out in order to remove dust and dirt. Then, using a brush, apply a generous amount of primer. When everything is completely dry, the crack can be repaired using putty made with gypsum or cement. Using a spatula, you need to try to level the “patch” with the wall surface as best as possible.

A shallow narrow crack can easily be sealed with sealant or silicone compound. Usually, the tube comes with a special nozzle with a thin spout, which allows you to easily carry out such operations by directing it deep into the crack.

If it is necessary to eliminate truly extensive damage, then for this purpose you can use polyurethane foam. Typically one coat of primer is applied and then the space is filled.

Helpful advice! If during work excess foam protrudes above the level of the wall, it can be easily removed by cutting it off with a sharp knife.

How to plaster a brick wall: surface preparation features

The best way to plaster brick walls inside a house is a controversial issue. However, regardless of the choice, a high-quality surface preparation procedure must be carried out.

Often we have to deal with what is on the surface brick wall There is already a layer of old plaster. In this case, it is necessary to get rid of it efficiently. To do this, you can use water and a sponge, wetting the surface several times and waiting until the water is absorbed. This procedure will make the task much easier.

After this, using a spatula, the thickness work surface which is at least 1.5-2 mm, as well as a hammer, the old plaster is knocked off. To do this carefully and at the same time effectively, you first need to carefully tap one of the sections of the wall with a hammer. As a result of this procedure, cracks will appear, which will allow the coating to be picked up with a spatula. If necessary, you can also tap the handle of the spatula with a hammer to facilitate the process of removing the old coating.

Related article:

Main types of mesh, principles of selection, areas of application, methods of plastering, application options, tips and tricks.

After removing a layer of old plaster, you need to walk over the surface with an iron brush or sanding machine. After this, you should start deepening the seams between the bricks. This will ensure better adhesion between the plaster and the wall. It will be enough to deepen them by 5-7 mm.

The final stage of preparing a brick wall is cleaning the surface with a soft brush and a damp cloth. Then all that remains is to apply a layer of deep penetration primer. Moreover, it is better to do this in two layers, first letting the first layer dry before applying the second.

Features of preparing the surface of a concrete wall

Compared to a brick wall, a concrete wall is much easier to clean. However, due to the smoother texture, it will be more difficult to apply the plaster in such a way that it sticks.

In order to remove a layer of whitewash from a concrete surface, you need to thoroughly moisten the sponge with water and wipe the wall. Then, using a wire brush, remove the unnecessary layer and thoroughly wipe the surface again.

Another way is to apply a thick layer of paste over the whitewash. After complete drying, using a regular spatula, the entire top layer can be easily cleaned.

Having completed cleaning, you can proceed to applying shallow notches on the surface. This measure will ensure traction. Despite the fact that applying them will require a lot of effort and time, this process is very important and determines the result of the work, so this stage should not be neglected.

Some people prefer to use more in a simple way, which does not require notching - primer and the addition of quartz sand, followed by plastering of the walls cement-sand mortar. Due to the fine fraction, it is held on the surface, creating adhesion between the plaster and the wall. However, this method is not always effective, and to ensure its effectiveness, it is recommended to first test it on a small section of the wall.

Helpful advice! Determine how much effective method quartz sand will allow a simple test: a primer with sand is applied to the surface and left until completely dry. Then you need to run your hand along the wall. If the sand begins to crumble when touched, then you will have to worry about creating notches on the surface.

Features of preparing a wooden surface

The process of cleaning a wooden surface is the simplest of all the tasks considered. In this case, it is enough to knock on the wall with a hammer, and the plaster will simply crumble onto the floor. It is recommended to lay down plastic film in advance to avoid contamination and facilitate the cleaning process.

To fix the plaster on a wooden surface, you will need to fill special wooden slats. People call them shingles. Using ordinary nails, they are driven all over the wall, oriented diagonally. This allows you to create not only an excellent base for styling finishing material, but at the same time solves the problem of the need to create beacons, which are required to level the surface of the wall.

If, after removing a layer of old plaster, shingles are found underneath, it must be knocked down and a new one made. Wooden elements quickly become unusable, succumbing to rot, insects and the influence of time. In addition, old shingles often serve as a source of unpleasant odors.

It is important not to forget about the need to apply protection to everything wooden surfaces and elements. An antiseptic is necessary to prevent the appearance of fungi, mold, and harmful insects in wood. The composition is applied to each element and to the wall before the shingles are installed, and then again after the installation is completed. This allows for the maximum level of protection.

There are cases when, instead of wooden slats, a metal mesh chain-link is used for sheathing. This is also an acceptable option, however, its thickness must be at least 3 mm, and fastening should not be carried out to the wall surface itself, but to slats specially prepared for this.

How to properly plaster walls with your own hands: video instructions for placing beacons

Since one of the main goals of plastering is to level the existing surface as much as possible, guidelines, otherwise called beacons, will be required. To understand how to plaster walls using beacons, you need to understand how and why they are placed. This is done using a building level in order to be able to make the surface as even as possible in the future.

Typically, metal guides are used for this purpose, fastened with gypsum mortar. This method is good because the plaster dries quickly and does not allow the profile to move, holding it in a given position. Such beacons should be placed at a distance of approximately 1.5 m from each other.

Helpful advice! If the existing level is too short and its length is not enough, in order to check the evenness of the beacons, you can use a long block. It is placed against one of the guides until the solution is completely dry, and a level is applied to its center.

As an example, you can see the instructions on how to plaster walls with your own hands without beacons. The video will clearly demonstrate other surface leveling options.

Rules for applying plaster to the surface

Plastering the surface consists of three stages, in each of which a layer of mortar is applied. Each of them is different and is laid using a special technology that best suits its purpose. The first layer is the thickest. It is thrown onto the wall and actually serves as a rough draft, on top of which more even and smooth layers will be laid in the future.

The first layer is applied using a trowel or simply by hand. It is only important to remember that if the solution comes into contact with the skin, you must take care of protection in the form of rubber gloves. The thickness of the first layer depends on the base: for a brick or concrete wall 5 mm will be enough, but for a wooden wall you will need a layer of about 8-9 mm, taking into account the lathing.

The second layer should be applied more carefully, but still it is not the finishing coat. It is applied using a wide spatula or trowel, bringing the solution to a dough-like consistency. The thickness of the middle layer should be about 7-8 mm.

The finishing layer is prepared with the addition of fine-grained sand, which does not contain large inclusions. The consistency of the solution should resemble sour cream in order to lie evenly and smooth out all the unevenness that remains after applying the first two layers.

For beginners in this matter, purchasing ready-made mixtures for each layer, which are available in any hardware store, will help eliminate the risk of error. Their compositions almost always promote good adhesion and provide a durable and reliable coating.

It is also worth first watching a video on how to plaster the corners of walls. Of course, it is easier to work with a flat surface, but leveling the corners may require some skill, especially considering how imperfect the initial data can be.

How to prepare a solution for plaster with your own hands

Despite the opportunity to save yourself the hassle and purchase already ready-made compositions, many people prefer to try to do everything themselves and prepare the plaster for each layer with their own hands. Let's look at a few of the most popular recipes that are widely used and have already gained trust:

1. A cement mortar in which 3 parts sand must be added to 1 part cement.
2. A lime-based solution in which 3 parts sand is added to 1 part lime.
3. Cement-lime: 5 parts sand, 1 part lime and 1 part cement.
4. Lime composition with the addition of gypsum: 1 part of dry gypsum is added to 3 parts of lime, mixed to a dough-like state.

Important! The resulting solution should be plastic and easily “spread” over the applied surface, but at the same time it should not flow down.

Before you start mixing the mortar according to the chosen recipe, it is useful to know that the prepared amount should be used within an hour, since in the future the plaster tends to lose some of its qualities, for example, plasticity. In addition, such “expired” material does not adhere well to the surface.

Particular attention should be paid to a solution prepared with the addition of gypsum, since this component significantly reduces the shelf life of the plaster before application to the wall. This solution must be applied immediately, immediately after preparation. In addition, the drying time will be affected by the thickness of the layer: a thin layer will dry almost instantly.

In order to avoid mistakes and not spoil a portion of the finished mixture, you need to carefully study the instructions, and only after that proceed to adding water, since the setting and drying period may vary.

How to mix the solution yourself: rules and recommendations

To mix a high-quality mixture yourself, you must adhere to the following procedure:

• You need to pour water into the container intended for mixing the solution. Then, according to the instructions, pour 6-8 trowels of the finished mixture and mix everything thoroughly using a construction mixer;
• the rest of the mixture is added gradually and during thorough mixing, which avoids the formation of lumps and gives the plaster plasticity and uniformity;
• then it is advisable to wait 2-3 minutes and mix the solution again. At this stage, you can determine whether there is a need to add water or a dry mixture to make the plaster thicker or, conversely, more liquid.

Once again, it is worth noting that one batch should consist of such an amount of material that can be used here and now. The recommendation is as follows:

• for a solution containing gypsum, the shelf life is limited to 25-30 minutes;
• if a cement base was used, then this period will be 40-60 minutes.

Wanting to give the surface a complete appearance, many people prefer to apply a layer of putty on top, which makes the surface perfectly smooth and serves as an excellent base for painting. The video on how to putty walls with your own hands tells in detail about all the nuances of this process and allows you to effectively complete Finishing work to level the surface.

How to putty walls with your own hands: video for beginners

You can learn how to properly plaster walls with cement mortar or a mixture containing gypsum by watching a thematic training video. The video on how to properly plaster walls tells in detail about the preparation and implementation of each stage.

In addition, in this way you can get answers to many questions of interest, for example, how to plaster the corners of walls and what needs to be done to further maintain the coating in its original form. You definitely need to pay attention to the finishing stage - puttying the walls and their further processing.

The method of obtaining a finishing coating, which involves applying decorative plaster, has recently been very popular. The explanation for this is the simplest - a large selection of source materials, the production of any coating color and a wide variety of, often unique, finished surfaces, examples of which can be seen below.

An example of how to apply decorative plaster in the Afresco style

Option for applying textured decorative plaster

If you try to find an accurate, established and unified definition of what decorative plaster is, then it will only be a waste of time. There is simply no generally accepted definition, each of the authors and specialists has their own concept and interpretation, but everyone agrees on one thing - decorative plaster serves to create an original finishing coating thanks to the materials used and methods of applying decorative plaster.

Often, it is the composition of the material that determines all further operations for its use, and the methods of applying the usual mixture make it possible to turn it into decorative plaster and obtain relief and original surfaces.

Plaster composition

The generally accepted classification of such materials is based on the type of binder and the size of the filler particles. Typically, two types of binders are used - synthetic and mineral. Cement or lime are used as mineral binders, and synthetic resins (polyvinyl acetate, styrene-acrylic, acrylic, etc.) are used as synthetic binders. The most widespread are mixtures based on synthetic resins, in particular their aqueous solutions.

Mineral (cement) based mixtures are more often used for applying decorative plaster for exterior finishing.

Samples of fraction (grain, crumb) size of plaster

The filler most often used is quartz, granite or marble chips, or mixtures thereof. In this case, the classification is made by the size of the filler; the larger the particle size, the coarser the mixture is considered. It is generally accepted that it is preferable to use fine-grained mixtures for interior decoration, and coarse-grained ones for exterior decoration, although there are no clear-cut rules, everything can be the other way around. The application of decorative plaster is related to the size of the filler fractions; the larger the fraction, the higher the material consumption when performing the work.

Types of plaster

There are several types of plaster on sale:

• ready-to-use, usually based on synthetic resins;
• dry mixture;
• decorative plaster for interior work, intended to create some type of coating (Venetian, bark beetle, etc.).

The result obtained when using a dry and ready-to-use mixture is usually the same, unless special cases are concerned. But finished plaster requires less time to complete. preparatory stage and is more often used when applying decorative plaster with your own hands.

A completely different case is when work is done using specially prepared decorative plaster - such as Venetian, bark beetle or some other. In this case, the technique for applying decorative plaster is predetermined, and if it is violated, the expected result will not work.

Methods of applying plaster

The technology for applying such material was discovered in the ancient world. During this time, many of the most different ways how to apply decorative plaster. The most attractive and interesting are the embossed and textured surfaces. Let's try to consider possible ways getting some of them. But before you get to work on obtaining such surfaces, you need to stock up the right tool and prepare the base for applying plaster.

Tool used

If it is decided that decorative plaster will be applied to the walls, the technology for applying such a coating requires the use of the following tools, and this list is not exhaustive:

• container for diluting plaster;
• trowel;
• grater;
• scraper;
• various spatulas;
• rollers, baths, brushes, combs, brushes;
• drill with a mixer attachment.

It is best to use a forged tool of stainless steel. The fact is that a tool made of ordinary steel can leave invisible rust stains on the surface, which then cannot be removed.

Surface preparation

Regardless of what methods of applying decorative plaster will be used, work begins with surface preparation. It must be smooth, clean and dry, all traces of the old coating must be removed, cracks and irregularities must be repaired.

After this, a primer must be applied to the surface. It will ensure good adhesion and durability of the decorative coating. It is quite possible that some additional preparatory measures will be required; they should be set out in the instructions for using the plaster and must be complied with.

But after the surface is ready, you can consider various types of applying decorative plaster.

Spray method

The described method is the simplest option for creating a relief on a plastered surface, although it may be called something else, or the result of its application will have its own name, for example, “snowball” decorative plaster. The spraying method is carried out as follows - after applying and drying the first layer, a new one is applied on top of it. To obtain texture, various tools can be used, even using a broom.

It will look like this: take a broom in one hand, a stick in the other, dip the broom into the solution and hit the stick so that splashes of the solution fly onto the wall. On the surface of the plaster you will get flakes and splashes, the size of which depends on the broom and the thickness of the solution. The surface on which the plaster spray is applied can be pre-painted, e.g. Blue colour, and the applied stains should be white.

Similar to the described method is the so-called Italian finishing. Here all operations practically coincide with those described above. After applying the covering layer and leveling it, without waiting for it to dry, apply a second layer of a different color. So, if the first layer was green, then the second one can be yellow. When applying the second layer, it should cover most of the previous layer. Before the material hardens, it is smoothed out.

What is described in more detail will allow you to see the application of decorative plaster - the video below:

Creating a relief surface with a trowel

To create an original surface, you can use not only the usual tools. After the covering layer is completed, a little plaster is applied to the trowel, and with light movements along the surface it is transferred to the base, creating a peculiar pattern. The materials below will help you see how this is done - video methods for applying decorative plaster:

Textured method

This application method allows you to decorate the walls in an antique style thanks to decorative plaster. To do this, you will need to create several layers of plaster and paint them. The technique of applying decorative plaster shows how to do this, the video below:

Hatching-combing

This option for creating a decorative coating is carried out on fresh plaster. It is processed with a metal brush. After this, the surface is dried for a day, and then particles of plaster that do not adhere well to the surface are removed with a sponge, spatula or rag. What the described operation looks like is clear from the photo below:

Roller stamping

Another way to obtain a relief image is to apply decorative plaster with a roller. To do this, you can use a roller with a special pattern. If this is not the case, then you can cut out some kind of design on the surface of a regular one or simply wrap a rope around its surface. The result will be a pattern resembling grass stems. You can see how to do all this in the video below:

Decorative plaster "sgraffito"

This technique of applying decorative plaster is more difficult to perform than those previously described, but you can do it yourself. To do this, you need to apply several layers of plaster and each of them must have its own color. The color of each layer is chosen at your discretion.

To create a pattern in the top of the applied layers, individual sections are cut out using a special stencil, pieces of plaster are removed with scrapers or cutters. If a sufficiently large amount is removed from the top layer, the remaining plaster looks like an applique against the background of the bottom layer. If you remove a little, you get a shaded picture. This type of plaster can be applied either over the entire wall or as a separate panel.

Other options for obtaining decorative plaster

Of course, all the methods outlined do not limit the possible ways of creating decorative plaster. Special ready-made mixtures are offered for sale, and they provide an individual application method for each of them.

For example, Venetian plaster is determined not by the composition of the material used, but by the method of application. Moreover, this method is intended only for obtaining the “Venetian”.

The same can be said about decorative bark beetle plaster. The resulting original pattern is determined both by the composition of the plaster and the method of its application.

But in any case, from the above review of various methods for creating a relief coating, it becomes clear that the surfaces obtained thanks to decorative plaster and various technologies for its application are a worthy decoration for any interior.