At home with flat roof, with laconic facades and large area glazing is no longer a new thing for Europeans. There is an opinion that such houses should not be expensive. And indeed: a simple flat roof means minus expensive roofing work and the cost of a rafter system. If you build according to frame technology- lower costs for building a foundation. You can also save money on an architect. In general, such a house should not be expensive. But this is all in theory, but what about in practice?

House in Iceland. Photo: divisare.com

In one of the companies that specialize in the construction of frames according to Scandinavian technology, said that the final cost will depend on several factors. For example, what materials will be used: you can use timber of different sections, dried or natural humidity, ecowool or mineral wool as insulation, PVC or wooden windows, what engineering equipment the customer will choose, and so on. A house that looks identical can cost 20 or 40 thousand dollars.

“One of our customers, for whom we are currently completing a house with a flat roof, formulated his wishes this way: frame, warm, black, with a flat roof, and no frills,” says Dmitry, representative construction company. “He immediately limited the budget for the entire construction project to 40 thousand dollars.

On the site in the Smolevichi district there was already strip foundation 10x10 m.

The architect developed a project for these dimensions. The layout of the house will be quite simple - two bedrooms, large space kitchen-living room, bathroom and pantry. The ceiling height is 2.7 m. The entrance to the house is “recessed” into the wall, so the owner does not have to think about how to attach a canopy over front door. But the terrace, which is in the project, is not indicated in the estimate - it will be calculated and completed later.

The foundation on which the construction was supposed to be built was not in ideal condition - with cracks and unevenness. It was further reinforced, sand was poured inside the perimeter, and internal sewerage and water supply pipes were installed. 100 mm of insulation was laid over the entire area of ​​the future house, and a 70 mm reinforced concrete screed was cast on top. At this stage, work and materials cost $2,724.

While the foundation work was going on, the walls and floor trusses were being manufactured in accordance with the design. The shape of the house is simple, so all these structures were assembled very quickly. At the base of the frame there is a planed drying timber 200×50. From the outside, the frame was covered with MDVP boards (Beltermo, 30 mm).

The walls and trusses were delivered to the site in one flight using a machine with a manipulator.

By evening, the assembled frame with floor trusses was already standing on the foundation. At this stage, a temporary awning was pulled over the top.

For the floors, 17 trusses were required for an insulation thickness of 500 to 650 mm (the difference due to the minimum slope that the roof has).

The roof is designed for heavy snow and wind loads. Roofing pie - sheathing, OSB-3 flooring, geotextiles and waterproofing membrane. As a result, 97 square meters of roofing with work and materials cost $3,500.

The outside walls were covered with a ventilated facade made of unplaned drying boards, painted in two layers of black Teknos paint.

We ordered warm PVC windows (76 mm profile with energy-efficient double-glazed windows) with lamination to match the color of the facade - everything cost $1,190. The large windows and doors from the living room to the terrace were made hinged - it’s cheaper. Special sliding patio systems would add at least a thousand dollars to the price.

The owner decided to insulate the frame with ecowool - for walls with a layer thickness of 200 mm, approximately 20 cubic meters were required (another 5 cubic meters for internal partitions). A more substantial layer of insulation in the roof is from 500 to 600 mm (38 cubic meters). As a result, ecowool with blowing in cost $4,095.

On the inside, the frame was sewn up with a vapor-permeable diffusion membrane. At the owner's request, the builders made an additional insulation loop with a 50 mm layer of mineral wool. It will accommodate plumbing and electrical wiring throughout the house.

The result was “breathing” walls with an insulation contour of 285 mm.

As interior decoration lining painted in two layers will be used. In the bathroom the walls were covered with plasterboard. A vapor barrier film was used for the walls and ceiling in this room. This is the only room where the walls and floors will be covered with ceramic tiles. To fit into the budget, we chose Belarusian-made ceramics (for which $700 was reserved in the estimate).

The floors throughout the house (except for the bathroom) will be wooden, made of dry softwood boards. With labor they will cost $1,558. Interior doors- made of solid pine for painting.

The owner will heat the house with a fireplace stove, which he has already purchased and installed in the living room. The power of the fireplace should be enough to heat not only the kitchen-living room, but also two bedrooms. Heat in the remaining rooms - the bathroom, pantry and vestibule - will be provided by warm electric floors. The water will have to be heated with electricity in a boiler - there is no gas near the site. However, we remember that the roof of the house is flat, exploitable, and it is possible to install it there without any problems. solar collectors and photovoltaics. There is no heating in the estimate.

Air exchange in the house will be ensured supply and exhaust ventilation in the kitchen and bathroom. Such a system occupies a modest place in the budget - only $92. In the bedrooms, ventilation will be “old-fashioned” - ventilation through windows.

Laying the remaining utilities (without the fireplace) is estimated at $2,000.

The finishing work on the house is now being completed.

The total cost excluding foundation work is just over 32 thousand dollars. As you can see, the house turned out to be not the most expensive, even with a non-budget configuration.

The estimate and photo report from the construction site were provided by the company Damdom.bel

Stylish, technologically advanced homes have been popular over the past few decades. Frame house with flat roof - new architectural solution in suburban housing construction. The technology has been used by builders in northern Europe and America for many years. Frame construction attracted by the speed of construction and low cost. Cottages using this technology look modern and unusual. Flat roofs have only recently begun to be used in the construction of one-story private houses. Before this, they could only be seen in high-rise buildings.

Construction of a house using frame technology with a flat roof consists of the following stages:

1. Project development. In this case, the presence of a slope of a flat roof is taken into account. Two options are being considered:

• ceiling and roof are a single slab;
• There is space between the horizontal ceiling and the sloping roof. It increases the efficiency of insulation, but complicates maintenance.

1. Laying, building the foundation. For frame houses there is no need to build a solid foundation. The weight of the entire structure is much less than that of brick or block houses.
2. Construction of walls. The frame is mounted on the foundation, the floor is secured, load-bearing supports are installed, on which the roof will later be installed, as well as intermediate supports and jibs. The frame is sheathed with slabs or boards, the gap between the inner and external cladding filled with insulation.
3. Roof installation.
4. Finishing works: external and internal.

Classification of flat roofs

They are divided according to their purpose:

• exploited;
• unexploited.

Operable flat roofs expand the usable area of ​​the house. They are equipped for recreation, sports, and flower beds are planted. It is expected that there will be people on it. To achieve this, the base is made more durable, and additional attention is paid to waterproofing and rigidity. When designing, calculations of walls, load-bearing supports, and floors are carried out taking into account this additional load. The roof is reinforced with reinforced screed. A frame structure with a functional flat roof requires a more powerful foundation. The top layer of the covering is adapted for people to move on it.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

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On unused ones, only a drainage system and, if necessary, snow melting system are placed.

According to the type of layout, flat roofs can be traditional or inverted. They differ in the order in which the layers of the roofing pie are laid.

Flat roof evaluation, advantages and disadvantages

To accept correct solution For a particular building, you need to weigh the pros and cons of a flat roof, assess to what extent it is suitable for a particular case.

Often designers prefer a flat roof for the following reasons:

1. A small area, compared to a pitched roof, requires less material consumption, which reduces the cost of roof construction.
2. The lack of windage allows for excellent resistance to winds, which is especially valuable in areas where they are present most of the year.
3. This roof is easy to maintain during operation.
4. When creating a flat roof, you do not need a rafter system, which greatly simplifies the work.
5. The surface of such a roof is used for arranging a recreation area, a swimming pool, a lawn, an observation deck, placing a solar panel or a tank for heating water.
6. The use of a flat roof in frame house projects allows you to create original architectural solutions.

A flat roof also has disadvantages that can be compensated for:

1. Snow accumulates in winter. The small angle of inclination does not allow it to move out on its own. Regular cleaning or installation of heat cables and melt water drainage systems are required.
2. Home owners will have to put up with the lack of an attic and the impossibility of arranging an attic. This is partially compensated correct use area.
3. The flow of rainwater is difficult. This problem can be solved by creating a special drainage system so that the water does not stagnate.

Required Layers of a Flat Roof

The roofing pie of a traditional flat roof consists of several layers:

1. Base. Its task is to provide rigidity and strength. All other layers are placed on it, as well as structures if the roof is in use. The base is made from wooden beam with a cross section of at least 150 mm by 150 mm or an I-beam metal beam.
2. A vapor barrier layer is a film or mastic that prevents the passage of steam from the room into the roofing pie.
3. Thermal insulator (mineral wool, expanded clay, expanded polystyrene) prevents cold in winter and heat in summer from penetrating into the living space through the roof.
4. The waterproofing layer does not allow moisture to penetrate from the outside. Until recently, materials based on bitumen and polymers were used. Lately everything greater distribution receive membrane waterproofing insulators, despite the high cost.

IN reverse order layers of inversion roof are laid. The thermal insulation layer is located on top of the waterproofing layer. This protects the waterproofing from temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation.

Insulation

Expanded clay and perlite sand are most often used as insulation materials. Mineral heat insulators are more effective, but their softness complicates the installation and operation process; waterproofing is required.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

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More suitable insulation materials are extruded polystyrene foam and foam glass.

Foam glass is strong, durable, does not rot, does not change volume, and can withstand high temperatures.

Waterproofing

In modern construction, the following materials and methods of waterproofing are used:

• rolled materials (roofing felt, glassine, glass felt, brizol);
• acrylic mastics based on bitumen, rubber, silicone;
• penetrating impregnations;
• membrane waterproofing materials.

Roll materials have many years of experience applications. This is the cheapest and most proven method. The cleaned, dried surface is covered with a bitumen primer, strips are laid out with an overlap of 10-15 cm. Lay waterproofing material at temperatures above +10°C.

Mastics are applied to the surface with a roller or brush in two layers. There are hot mastics, which are heated to +160°C before application, and cold mastics, heated to +70°C. The material is applied at a temperature environment not lower than +5°С. After hardening, the mastic forms a strong elastic protective film, which does not melt when heated from sunlight, is inert to alkaline, acidic environments, oil, gasoline, and has a service life of 20 years.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

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Liquid rubber has similar performance qualities. It is applied by spraying. The resulting coating, without seams, hardens within 24 hours and reliably protects against moisture for up to 25 years.

The use of membrane sheets is new technology in waterproofing. The membrane is a film consisting of several layers: reinforced polyester, PVC. The strips of membrane fabric are laid out with an overlap of 5 cm, fastened mechanically using staples, pouring ballast or glue on top. This coating can withstand temperature fluctuations from -60°C to +120°C and lasts 25-50 years depending on the type of film.

Sequence of flat roof installation

How to make a flat roof with a slope with your own hands:

1. 50 mm boards pre-treated with an antiseptic are laid on the timber base beams.
2. The roofing material is unwound onto the boards and left to straighten. After this, the strips are overlapped by 15-20 cm.
3. A layer of expanded clay, slag, perlite or other bulk heat insulator is poured onto the roofing felt, forming a slope of 2°÷3° towards the drain.
4. Fill with cement laitance so that the screed layer is at least 2 cm. The slope must be maintained. Cover with plastic wrap for 1-2 days to dry.
5. After hardening, the screed is covered with bitumen-based mastic and roofing felt is glued on. Seams and joints are treated with sealant and sealed.
6. It is advisable to insulate the roof from the inside of the room with basalt wool.

A frame house with a flat roof is a modern, inexpensive option for providing your family with functional, comfortable housing. The project allows you to build a spacious cozy home without forcing yourself into multi-year loans. The buildings are energy efficient, reliable, quickly erected, and have an attractive appearance. This technology gives the designer room for imagination. The decoration of the project is often a terrace, veranda or extension. You can verify this by looking at photos in special magazines.

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In European countries, houses with a flat roof, such as can be seen in the photo, are not uncommon; they are often built in resort towns of the Mediterranean, since precipitation is an infrequent occurrence there. In our country, buildings with such a roof are still rare; they are mainly used for industrial or economic purposes - workshops, garages, repair shops, etc. The reason lies in the fact that property owners give preference classic projects construction of private cottages.

Houses with flat roofs

The most common form of their construction is considered to be square houses with a flat roof; they are luxurious penthouses that attract the views of passers-by with their appearance.

Disadvantages and advantages of flat roofs

The advantages of flat roofs are obvious:

• it is possible to use the roof surface for own needs, there you can arrange a place for relaxation or sports, plant decorative garden, green lawn;
• building a house with a flat roof is profitable because it saves a significant amount of money required to create truss structure;
• the snow that accumulates on the roof surface in winter acts as an additional insulating layer (experts call this circumstance controversial);
• for operation topcoat V winter time you can install a heating system;
• if inexpensive ones were used to create the roof roofing materials, then repairs will not require a significant amount and can be completed on our own. Besides renovation work If the roof is made, for example, of roofing felt, it is not done on the entire surface, but only partially if defects in the ceiling are detected.

The disadvantages include the following:

• in case of negligence or unprofessional performance construction work When creating a house with a flat roof, it may be necessary to repair the interior of the building, which will cost a lot of money. To reduce the likelihood of leaks, you must remember to maintain a slight slope of the roof, otherwise precipitation will not drain, but will remain on it.

Taking into account the disadvantages and advantages of choosing flat roofs, we can conclude that this type roofing is relevant at the present time and is a promising and reasonable solution, since it becomes possible not only to build an original building, but also to save a significant amount of money.

Features of a flat roof device

The construction of houses with a flat roof has a number of nuances that should not be forgotten at the design stage. Most often, the basis for these are corrugated sheets and reinforced concrete slabs, lumber is used less frequently.

The installation of corrugated sheeting is considered the most economical and profitable from a financial point of view, but it can be used when the upper surface of the roof will not be used, in addition, additional insulation will be required. Concrete is considered reliable and durable, since on top of it it is possible to install not only a gazebo for relaxation, but also a small swimming pool, which is used in the summer.

Natural wood foundations are usually constructed when flat-roof frame houses are built.

Flat roof made of corrugated sheets

If a house with a flat roof is being built using corrugated sheeting, then after installing the support, a vapor barrier layer is laid on top of it. It is necessary to prevent heat loss from the interior of the building. Vapor barrier material is produced in rolls of a certain width and length. Overlapping areas of vapor barrier, which can be used as polyethylene film, must be carefully connected.

Then a thermal insulation layer is installed using insulation slabs that are joined together. For reliability, a two-layer laying system is often used. There are bulges on the corrugated sheets that must be tightly filled with thermal insulation material.

After this comes the stage of creation using polymer film. When all the insulating layers have been laid, reinforced concrete slabs are installed or a sand-concrete screed is poured.

When is it being built Vacation home with a flat roof, regardless of what the base is made of, it is always necessary to make a slight slope - at least 5 degrees, otherwise water will remain on its surface.

Even a minor mistake made during the construction of a house with a flat roof can cause major repairs in the very near future.

Waterproofing and insulation of a flat roof

Brick or wooden houses with a flat roof require high-quality roof waterproofing, which is done using:

• films to create a protective waterproofing barrier from moisture;
• EPDM membranes, PVC membranes;
• hydrophilic rubber;
• liquid rubber - sprayed waterproofing;
• injection materials (silicone resins);
• lubricating compounds that are used to connect waterproofing sheets;
• penetrating materials.

Membrane insulation. It is considered an advanced technology to ensure high-quality waterproofing when building frame house with a flat roof.

Diffusion membranes are in greatest demand, they are:

• with microperforation;
• superdiffusive;
• anti-condensation.

Environmentally friendly and fireproof superdiffusion materials are especially in demand, since when installing them there is no need to leave a gap between the layers of waterproofing and thermal insulation; they repel moisture, preventing it from penetrating into the thermal insulation layer. The service life of such membranes is about 25 years. They are often used when building wooden house with a flat roof.

There is another method - old and well-tested - adhesive waterproofing. It involves the use of roofing material, which is glued to the surface by heating.

Insulation of a flat roof

Insulation of flat roofs is a very important type of work related to. You can do it outside or inside in one or two layers. The easiest and cheapest way is to insulate the roof from the outside. A two-layer thermal insulation system makes it possible to reduce the load on the floors. The first layer is a heat insulator. The second layer is denser; the distribution function is assigned to it.

It’s not difficult to create a flat roof with your own hands - the main thing is to follow the technology.

A flat roof in a frame house is not used as often as other types of roofing. However, it has a number of advantages due to which its design, as well as the installation sequence, should be considered. If previously this type of roof was used mainly for garages and outbuildings, then modern trends designs allow you to create an excellent appearance of a house with a flat roof.

Advantages of a flat roof

The advantages of such roofs include:

• Small roof area compared to pitched structures. This allows you to spend less money on materials and installation work during the construction process.
• High speed construction of such a roof. Since working on a flat surface is much easier than on an inclined structure, installation work takes much less time. In the future, repairs or other work will also be easier to carry out.
• Easy to install solar panels, air conditioning systems, antennas and other equipment.

On a note

In addition, installing air conditioners on a flat roof helps solve the problem. appearance a facade on which you don’t really want to mount massive machines.

• The ability to arrange the roof and use its area in the most rational way. For example, you can use it as a place for family relaxation, sunbathing or sports. You can also arrange a flower bed, a small vegetable garden or even a garden. However, this requires investing a lot of money, time and effort, as well as significantly strengthening the structure of the building.

There are also a number of advantages due to which experts recommend building frame houses with a flat roof. Among them are the following:

• Good resistance to wind loads. This is especially important for frame structures, built in windy areas.
• If the building is being built small, then the presence of complex rafter system in most cases unjustified. Therefore, a simple flat roof in a frame house will be an excellent solution.
• Handsome and functional design, which can be upgraded depending on the needs or wishes of future owners.

Flat roof problems and their solutions

Despite this list of advantages, frame houses with a flat roof have a number of disadvantages:

• Problems with the formation of snowdrifts. Although the structure has a slight slope, it is too small for snow to slide down.

On a note

Previously, there was no other option other than constantly shoveling snow. However, there is now an option with a thermal cable that melts precipitation and then directs the meltwater into the drainage system.

• Slow loss of moisture due to a small slope. This can lead to constantly damp spots on the roof and water penetration into the living space. To solve this problem, it is necessary to competently approach the issue of arranging a drainage system.
• Absence attic space. The need for additional space can be solved by increasing the area frame house.

As you can see, the shortcomings that appear when choosing such a design can be eliminated by carefully approaching the issue of planning even before building a frame house.

Roofing pie devices

Depending on how frame houses with a flat roof will be used in the future, the sequence and composition of the roofing pie will vary. However, here we will talk about a structure that will not be intended for a flower garden or vegetable garden, but will become an ordinary flat roof.

1 The main component will be the supporting structure. It is often assembled from timber with a cross-section of 150*150 mm. Thanks to this, the total weight of the roof will be evenly distributed and the load will be minimal. 2 This is followed by a layer of vapor barrier. It is made of a special film or mastic, which prevents the penetration of vapors from the room into subsequent layers of the roof. This is especially necessary if the thermal insulation is made of mineral wool. For such a material, moisture penetration is unacceptable, because it significantly reduces thermal insulation properties insulation.

A residential frame house with a flat roof will definitely have vapors that rise upward, especially in the kitchen and bathroom areas. Therefore, it is important to take a responsible approach to laying the vapor barrier layer. It must be sealed and reliable.

3 Layer of insulation. Exist different variants thermal insulation layer:

• rolled mineral wool or wool in slabs;
• expanded polystyrene;
• expanded clay

The advantages of mineral wool include its non-flammability and protection from rodents and other pests. However, if moisture penetrates into its layers, the quality of insulation decreases. On the contrary, polystyrene foam is not susceptible to the negative effects of water and vapors, but is a flammable material.

4 Waterproofing layer. You can use bitumen mastic for it. However, recently the waterproofing membrane has gained wide popularity. It is elastic and also has a long service life.

Types of flat roofing

There are different options for such roofs. The choice of a frame house project with a flat roof depends on the needs and plans of the future owners.

• Unexploited. This design does not imply lifting and moving on it in the future. If repairs are needed, movement will only be possible on special ladders or bridges.

This option is the cheapest, so it is used in economy options.

• Exploitable. In this case, a rigid base is mounted on the surface, allowing you to move and be on the roof without fear. A serviceable roof in a frame house allows you to create an observation deck, a place to relax, sunbathe, or set up a table for a quiet family dinner.

• Inversion. The main feature of such a roof is that the waterproofing layer is laid before the thermal insulation layer. This allows you to protect it from mechanical damage and exposure ultraviolet rays. This also increases the service life of the structure. It is best to choose polystyrene foam with zero water absorption as insulation for this design. Mineral wool, which is exposed to moisture, is not suitable for an inversion roof.
• Soft. It consists of mineral wool insulation and a waterproofing layer of roofing felt. Such a soft structure bends under loads, and therefore belongs to the category of non-exploitable roofs.

Installation sequence

It is important to remember that although the roof is called flat, in order to avoid the accumulation of moisture, it should be done at a slight slope of several degrees. The slope should be directed towards the eastern system.

Do-it-yourself construction involves the following steps.