Partitions are most often non-load-bearing, that is, those that support only their own weight within one floor. They rest on load-bearing floors (interfloor, attic) or foundations. Such partitions are subject to whole line requirements.

• They must withstand loads, and therefore have sufficient strength. The fasteners on which furniture or appliances will be hung are held by wedging in the hole. Each wall mounting point can support a load of up to 25 kg. For example, a screw screwed into one layer of drywall cannot cope with such a load.
• In addition, partitions must be resistant to external mechanical influences: they can be hurt when carrying furniture and in a number of other everyday situations. But, at the same time, partitions should not be too massive so as not to increase the load on the floor or other load-bearing elements of the building.
• In order to save usable space, they try to make the partitions as thin as possible, but at the same time they must provide good sound insulation. For partitions between apartment rooms, according to SP 51.13330.2011 “Noise Protection” (as amended by SNiP 23-03-2003), Rw (sound insulation index) should be 52 dB.
• If partitions separate rooms in which the temperature difference exceeds 10°C, then they must also provide good thermal insulation. Thermal insulation and sound insulation are achieved in similar ways, but one must understand that not every material with good thermal insulation properties also effectively absorbs sound.
• An important indicator for partitions is their fire safety. The materials from which the partitions are made must have a fire resistance rating of at least 0.25 hours.
• And, of course, these materials must meet sanitary and hygienic standards, i.e. be environmentally friendly.

One of the materials that most fully satisfies all these requirements is autoclaved aerated concrete.

Aerated concrete partitions and their advantages

For partitions they are used aerated concrete blocks density D500-D600 and thickness 100, 120, 150, 180, 200 mm. The choice of partition thickness depends mainly on the required sound insulation. But not only. If significant loads are required, aerated concrete partitions should be made with a thickness of 150 mm or more. This will allow you to use a longer anchor that can withstand a load of more than 150 kilograms. In addition, in conditions of increased seismicity, in which Irkutsk is located, it is necessary to reinforce any partitions.

• For implementation non-standard solutions Aerated concrete partitions are one of the most convenient materials. Non-standard shape You can even shape a standard block using a simple hacksaw.
• Ease of processing aerated concrete is its undeniable advantage. Grooves for communications and wiring in an aerated concrete partition can be made without much effort.
• When laying aerated concrete masonry, it is recommended to use not ordinary mortar, but special glue for aerated concrete on a cement-sand base. Fine-grained sand and modifying additives allow thin-seam masonry. The thickness of the seam is usually in the range of 1-3 mm, which is several times less than when making brickwork. True, thin seams are only possible if the aerated concrete products are of sufficient quality and have accurate dimensions.
• The undoubted advantages of aerated concrete partitions include their relatively a light weight compared to brick partitions.
• Also price aerated concrete partitions are lower than brick ones. Moreover, thanks not only to the lower cost of the material itself, but also to the small amount of masonry glue and a thin finishing layer of plaster (5-7 mm).

Construction of an aerated concrete partition (master class)

The work of constructing a partition from blocks with your own hands, in fact, begins with the purchase of materials and additional elements. You need to purchase blocks, adhesive solution, anchors and tools. Calculating the number of blocks is extremely simple: we find out the lateral area of ​​each block, try them on for the wall area and buy 3-4 blocks more than what we got.

2. Delivery and storage

• The blocks arrive at the construction site on pallets packed in shrink film. The film protects the blocks from precipitation and keeps them from moving during transportation. A packaging option is also possible when the pallet is covered with film on top and the sides remain open for ventilation.
• If you are unloading on our own, use a forklift or soft slings. Using steel cables will damage the smooth surface of the blocks.
• Pallets must be stored on a level area that prevents distortions and flooding.
• If long-term storage of the blocks is expected before the start of construction and installation work, the pallets should be partially unpacked to begin drying the aerated concrete. That is, remove the film from the sides of the pallets, leaving only the “cap” cover.
• Remove the film from the top edge of the package only immediately before starting work.

Maximum attention should be paid to laying the first row of blocks. By giving the first row of masonry a flat horizontal surface, you will make laying subsequent rows as easy as possible.

• When erecting a partition, the first row of blocks is laid on waterproofing to prevent capillary moisture from suction from the foundation. Rolled bitumen materials or special waterproofing polymer-cement mortars based on dry mixtures can be used as waterproofing. If the foundation surface is not ideal, the first row of blocks should be laid on a leveling layer of cement-sand mortar.

• Monitor the installation of each block by level and mooring cord. Adjust the installation using a rubber mallet.

• Install the slats vertically so that they clearly mark the corners of the masonry.

• Between rows, pull a mooring cord along which the next row will be laid.

• Apply marks on them corresponding to the height of the masonry rows.

For quality implementation masonry work, you can use various devices to make the work easier. One of these devices is the installation of wooden slats in the corners of the future building. The second and subsequent rows of masonry should be carried out with ligation of blocks. The offset of the next row relative to the previous one should be at least 20 cm. To apply glue to the surface of the blocks, you can use a carriage made to fit the width of the masonry, a ladle with a serrated edge, or a simple notched trowel used in tile work.

• Alignment of the installed block is carried out as already described - by tapping with a mallet.

• When the next row of masonry comes to an end, there is often a need for an additional (incomplete, cut from a whole) block. Its size is determined by local measurements. The sawn additional block is coated with glue on both sides and installed in the remaining space for it.

• The next block is installed with glue and aligned along the mooring cord.

5. Covering openings and U-blocks

For overlap doorways Partitions use both prefabricated and on-site monolithic lintels. Can be used as jumper elements steel profiles, wooden moldings or reinforced concrete products. The lintels are manufactured on site and are monolithic. reinforced concrete structures, poured into the cavity of U-blocks.

U-blocks (tray jumper blocks) are piece modules permanent formwork for the installation of monolithic reinforced concrete lintels and belts. The width of U-blocks corresponds to the width of ordinary wall blocks, the length is 500 mm.

Procedure for working with U-blocks

• The tray cavity is then filled with fine-grained concrete. The concrete must be compacted by bayoneting.

The selection of reinforcement and concrete composition is made depending on the size of the opening and the perceived load.

• The surface of the compacted concrete is leveled flush with the top edge of the masonry.

Some features should be taken into account when constructing partitions that are vibration-insulated from load-bearing walls. In this case, the partition blocks are not glued directly to the base and framing walls, but are installed on a vibration-absorbing pad that prevents the transfer of structural noise from load-bearing structures to the partitions. Before installing the blocks, temporary guides should be installed against which the partition to be mounted will lean. Then a vibration-absorbing strip made of soft fiberboard, polyethylene foam, expanded polystyrene, rigid mini-board, cork, and other air-filled elastic materials is glued to the floor.

A partition block is in turn glued to the strip. Between the block and existing wall the same vibration-isolating strip is laid, or a gap is left, which is subsequently filled, for example, polyurethane foam. Further masonry is carried out in the same way as the masonry of a regular partition.

In conditions of increased seismicity, in which Irkutsk is located, masonry reinforcement 1-3-5-7-9-11 rows (that is, every 500 mm) is a necessary condition. In case of seismicity of the site up to 6 points, reinforcement of the masonry is carried out less frequently, every 3-4 rows.

• To lay bar reinforcement in the surface of the masonry, grooves should be cut. This can be done with a hand wall chaser.
• If there is electricity at the site, you can use a power tool to cut the grooves.
• The cut grooves must be free of dust. This can be done with a basting brush or a hair dryer.
• Before laying the reinforcement, the grooves should be filled with glue. This will ensure the joint work of the reinforcement with the masonry and protect the reinforcement from corrosion.

• For laying in grooves, it is best to use 8 mm periodic profile reinforcement.
• Press the reinforcement into the filled grooves. Remove excess glue.
• The reinforcement for thin seams is laid on a layer of glue, sunk into it and covered on top with an additional adhesive strip.

• Instead of rod reinforcement laid in grooves, you can use special reinforcement cages for thin seams. They are paired strips of galvanized steel connected by a “snake” wire with a diameter of 1.5 mm.

If you do everything correctly in accordance with our recommendations, then autoclaved aerated concrete partitions will serve you faithfully for many years, creating coziness and comfort in your home and embodying all your ideas for unique layouts and interiors.

"Construction Rules", No. 48/1, September 2014

The copyright holder of all materials on the site is Construction Rules LLC. Full or partial reprinting of materials in any sources is prohibited.

In current construction, aerated concrete masonry is very popular. Everyone will consider this fact quite logical - it is easy to install, even someone unfamiliar with masonry walls can install it with their own hands the first time. The material is unusually light and at the same time durable. Therefore, it loads the foundation much less, which allows for additional savings. It also has excellent heat and sound insulation. Laying walls made of aerated concrete allows you to unusually quickly raise the frame of a building, as well as use unusual design solutions. And unlike gas silicate blocks, it does not absorb moisture.

How much does it cost to lay aerated concrete?

The price of laying aerated concrete blocks depends on the complexity of construction, the number of floors, trimming, time of year and some other minor circumstances. The price of construction from aerated concrete is 40-50% cheaper. Compared to brickwork. The masonry itself is simpler and can be done by hand, and therefore cheaper.

To remove the walls, you need a detailed construction project or at least a masonry plan. The project calculates the thermal characteristics and various loads on the walls to determine the required wall thickness. Design allows you to avoid a lot of mistakes and get the best price-quality ratio. Aerated concrete copes well with its structural and insulating function. In each climate zone, different thicknesses of this building material are used. For the first climatic zone, a thickness of 360 mm is required, with a block density of 500 kg/m3, for the remaining zones it is not important (300 mm or 240 mm - it doesn’t matter here). For reliable thermal insulation of the house, blocks of at least grade D500 are recommended. If insulation or decorative plaster of the walls of the building is not planned, frost-resistant grades of aerated concrete F35 and higher are used. It is advisable to purchase aerated concrete only from well-known companies. Semi-handicraft material does not have absolute geometry, which is necessary for the quality of the masonry. In most cases, a cellular type of gas concrete made using autoclave hardening technology is used. Cheapness, ease of processing, ability to withstand high loads - these characteristics are present in autoclaved aerated concrete.

Principles of laying aerated concrete with your own hands

List of tools required for working with aerated concrete:

1. saw - for cutting blocks to obtain a smaller block. Perhaps using a hacksaw for wood (cutting the block will not affect its quality and durability);
2. tools for applying adhesive solutions - for uniform application of glue. Also trowel, ladle;
3. rubber mallet - for precise laying and fitting of blocks;
4. wall chaser - cuts grooves (grooves) in blocks for laying reinforcement;
5. drill with stirrer - for preparing adhesive solutions;
6. grater - to remove possible protrusions, leveling the upper edges of the blocks, grouting the seam;
7. construction, standard and water levels - for precise adjustment of blocks to each other;
8. marking cord;
9. plane;
10. fittings (diameter 8-10 cm);
11. narrow brush for removing dust from grooves;
12. notched spatula;
13. roulette;
14. level (preferably).

Masonry standards

According to their purpose, there are load-bearing, non-load-bearing and self-supporting walls. For interior walls One row of blocks is enough, just take into account the likelihood of the building subsiding, which means the possibility of deformation and cracking of the walls. Reliable masonry meets the requirements:

• row tying of blocks - for additional strength of the walls;
• compliance with chain row ligation when laying in one block;
• use of vertical ligation of rows of double-row laying. It is necessary to perform at least 1/5 of the wall thickness. Or rearrange them with bonded rows, which alternate with spoon rows in a 2/3 ratio.

Another type of installation - “two blocks”, only without vertical ligation - the rows are connected additional elements. To do this, use wire, dowels, and anchor plates. To install fasteners, use concrete diamond drilling tools.

The first question arises regarding the time required to lay the material with your own hands for the solution to harden. This also includes the number of workers for laying and moving materials. The winter season proportionally affects the tolerance and depends on temperature and other weather conditions.

Zero level tapping

The first row after the foundation - the most important point. If it is laid correctly, the rest of the work will turn into easy and enjoyable work. They start by preparing the base. Achieve a perfectly flat horizontal surface so that the height difference is minimal. If the difference is more than 5 mm, then the first layer must be laid on a cement-sand mortar (proportion 1:3), and not on an adhesive base, and thus level the surface. In this case, the thickness of the solution should be no more than 20 mm.

Laying corners

We start laying aerated concrete from the corners of the building. Apply a 2-centimeter layer of mortar directly onto the roofing material, place the block, and level it with a rubber mallet. After displaying the corner blocks, we check the diagonals of the future room using a tape measure or rope. A rectangle has equal diagonals. The protrusion of aerated concrete blocks beyond the base is allowed no more than 50 mm.

Rules for laying the first row of aerated concrete

Next, we stretch and secure the cord between the corner blocks. The gap between the cord and the edge of the blocks is 2–3 mm. For a wall more than 10 meters long, another block is placed in the center of the row so that the cord does not sag. It is along the cord between the lighthouse blocks that the first row should be laid. We place the blocks as accurately as possible with our own hands, guided by the rope. For each element we check the level on the horizontal and vertical planes. Using a rubber mallet, lightly tap the blocks, adjusting them to each other. They must fit tightly together. The thickness of the adhesive layers is 0.5–3 mm, and the average thickness of the seam is 2 mm. We apply an adhesive solution to the surface of the aerated concrete using a serrated tool to help squeeze out excess mortar when laying the next block. In most cases, the length of the wall is not a multiple of the length of the block. It's not a problem - required size Easily sawed off with a hacksaw. Using a float or plane, we smooth out the seams and uneven areas so that the next row lays more evenly, and leveling the side surfaces will make plastering easier. Remove the resulting dust from the surfaces, but do not throw it away - it will be useful for filling the grooves, just mix it into the adhesive solution. When the first row of blocks is set, wait 2-3 hours to let the solution set. In the meantime, prepare to reinforce the first row.

Confidence in the strength of the building - reinforced aerated concrete. To lay aerated concrete according to the standards with your own hands, you need to reinforce the wall. Quite a few people do not engage in reinforcement - supposedly an unnecessary expense. This does not increase the load-bearing capacity of the masonry. But without reinforcement, the walls will crack over time; it’s scary to imagine such a picture. Moreover, only load-bearing external walls are reinforced. So, the initial row has dried, it is already possible to carry out reinforcement.

The stages of work are simple:

1. on top of the row, using a wall chaser or chisel, we make 2 hollows 4 cm wide (no closer than 5–6 cm from the edge of the gas block);
2. remove dust;
3. fill the grooves halfway with the solution;
4. we lay reinforcement rods (8 mm in diameter), with an overlap of at least 40 mm at the joints;
5. Now we completely fill the grooves with fittings with mortar;
6. Use a grater and a plane to level the surface.

After reinforcement, you can immediately lay the next row. We do reinforcement every 3–4 rows, depending on technical specifications, presented by the manufacturer.

Laying internal aerated concrete walls

The internal load-bearing walls are the same in thickness as the external ones. You just need to tie these walls together. We cut out a quarter in the outer block and insert a block of the inner wall, previously coated with glue. For future partitions, flexible connections are fixed. Attached with nails. Or they are walled into the thickness of the seam and pressed into the solution, which simplifies the work. Installation of partitions from aerated concrete blocks is carried out similarly. You can use blocks with a thickness of 100 mm or more. Such walls are not reinforced; they can be built not on a foundation, but on any surface. Then the blocks are not glued to the base, but placed on a vibration-absorbing strip (polyethylene foam, cork, hard mineral board) to eliminate the transmission of structural noise from the outside. They do not overlap with external walls; on the contrary, you can leave a gap of 15 mm, and then blow it out with foam.

Preparation of solutions

To make your own aerated concrete masonry durable, use adhesive mixtures. They strengthen the connection, and at the same time make it possible to reduce the thickness of the seam. In addition, the glue diverges 5 times less than cement mortar. When choosing a solution, consider thermal protection external walls. For example, it is strictly forbidden to use cement-limestone mortar, because it has poor thermal insulation. As a result, thermal bridges will appear, and this is a sad prospect of cracks appearing on the future wall. So, the ideal choice for an external wall would be to use adhesive mortar. Preparing it couldn’t be easier: pour the purchased dry mixture into the required amount of water, stirring with a drill with a special attachment. The proportions are indicated in the instructions for the glue. It is difficult to prepare a solution manually, very labor-intensive, and nevertheless, one made by hand will be of poorer quality, due to the specific properties of the dry mixture. During the frost season, plasticizer additives must be added to the solution. Excess water freezes, causing the strength of the adhesive to decrease significantly. Special additives help maintain the properties of aerated concrete adhesive in winter period.

As we can see, armed with extraordinary theoretical knowledge about aerated concrete blocks, there is nothing difficult in erecting the walls of a building with your own hands, but on the contrary, it is easy, reliable and pleasant.

Aerated concrete is very popular - it is a lightweight, high-quality and durable material that allows you to erect structures with minimal load on the foundation. Aerated concrete provides excellent thermal insulation properties, allows you to achieve significant noise insulation and makes the constructed structure strong and durable. This building material makes it possible to quickly construct the designed object, and also allows you to bring to life the most daring design solutions.

Laying aerated concrete walls - basic principles

Before starting the construction of walls, the foreman must have at least a masonry plan, or better yet, a working design for construction. Preliminary design will avoid possible errors and get the optimal price-quality ratio of the constructed facility. In the project, to determine the required wall thickness, a thermal engineering calculation is performed, and all possible loads on the walls are taken into account.

For masonry, a cellular type of concrete with autoclave hardening is usually used. Depending on the purpose of the walls, they can be divided into load-bearing, non-load-bearing and self-supporting types.

SNiP standards for laying aerated concrete walls - types and methods

For masonry external structures There are rules in Russia SNiP No. 3.03.01-87. For non-load-bearing walls, installation is carried out in one row, where aerated concrete blocks are laid with ligation, which provides additional strength and subsequent stability of the structure being built. Laying in “two blocks” should be done using the vertical principle of knitting rows. This condition should be performed with a frequency of no less than a fifth of the total wall thickness.

Another option would be to bandage using splice rows alternating with spoon rows in a ratio of 2/3.

Another type of masonry is considered to be the installation of “two blocks”, but without using the vertical tying method. IN in this case The rows are fastened together with additional elements - anchor plates, wire, dowels. A special feature of this type of masonry is thermal insulation, which is laid between the rows of stacked blocks. If necessary, install fasteners, use diamond drilling of concrete.

Other standards applicable to masonry

Any construction of a building requires compliance with the required masonry standards. Most often, this refers to the standard time interval required for laying material over a certain area. This standard also includes such indicators as time, use work force on this type work, including direct laying and moving building materials.

Laying aerated concrete in winter proportionally affects the standard and depends on temperature indicators and weather conditions.

The process of laying aerated concrete blocks

The laying process should begin with foundation preparation. It is necessary to achieve a perfectly flat surface, where the difference in height should be minimal. If there is a difference in marks exceeding 5 mm, then the first layer should be laid not on an adhesive base, but on a cement mortar, thereby achieving a flat surface. The thickness of the solution used as a leveling layer should be within 20mm.

Laying the first layer of aerated concrete involves the placement of waterproofing, which can be used as bitumen-based materials or mastic.

Masonry starts from the corners of the building, after which the blocks are laid until the row is completely filled. Each laid block is checked in horizontal and vertical planes by a level, the height is controlled using a stretched cord. It is recommended to install a stand with a plumb line at each corner, with which you can control the correct vertical arrangement corners

The thickness of the glue layers is 0.5-3 mm, and the average seam thickness is usually taken to be 2 mm. On the surface of aerated concrete, adhesive compounds are applied with a serrated tool, which facilitates the subsequent squeezing out of excess adhesive solution when laying the next block.

Features of wall masonry

External masonry of houses is carried out mainly in “one block”. If protective decorative plaster of the building walls is not subsequently provided, frost-resistant aerated concrete blocks from F35 and higher should be used. Internal walls can be laid in one row of blocks, however, the possibility of shrinkage of the building with subsequent deformation of the walls and their cracking should be taken into account. To ensure high reliability indicators, the masonry must meet the following requirements:

• The rules for row tying of blocks must be followed, which will provide additional strength to the structure;
• When laying in one block, chain row dressing should be observed;
• For a two-row laying method, you can use dressing using spliced ​​rows.

Adhesive solutions and tools used for laying aerated concrete

Laying aerated concrete requires certain preparation; the use of specialized tools will make working with this building material much easier:

• Hard tooth saw designed for cutting aerated concrete blocks in case of obtaining a block of non-standard size. It is also possible to use a standard hacksaw for wood; dividing the block does not affect the characteristics of its quality and durability;
• Devices for applying adhesives promote uniform application and distribution of glue over the entire surface;
• Rubber hammer intended for more precise laying and fitting of blocks;
• The wall chaser is intended for cutting special grooves (grooves) in blocks for laying connecting reinforcement;
• Drill with attachment used as a mixer for preparing adhesive solutions;
• The grater allows you to remove possible protrusions, leveling the upper edges of the blocks;
• To ensure precise fit and compliance of blocks with each other, standard and water levels are used.

To ensure high-quality laying of aerated concrete, adhesive mixtures are used, which makes the seam thinner and the connection more durable.

Features of masonry in winter and summer

In winter, it is assumed that special adhesive mixtures with special plasticizer additives will be used. Negative temperatures negatively affect the quality of the solution. Free water turns into ice, which after thawing significantly affects the strength. The use of special additives will avoid such problems.

Consumption rates for laying aerated concrete walls

Compared to brickwork, the cost of building from aerated concrete is approximately 40-50% lower. The cost of the masonry itself is also much cheaper and simpler, which significantly reduces the cost of the finished object. The glue consumption in relation to the solution is 5 times less. The low weight of the blocks significantly reduces the load on the foundation, which allows you to save on its construction.

There are several different block sizes, depending on which the flow rate per one will be calculated. square meter area. For example, for the size 150x200x600 there will be 6.7 pieces, and for the standard 250x200x600 - 4 blocks of aerated concrete. That is, the consumption rate per 1 m3 of masonry depends on the size of the block.

How much does it cost to lay aerated concrete?

The price of masonry is determined in each case individually. It is influenced by the complexity of the construction, the number of prunings, the number of storeys of the building, the time of year and a number of other factors. However, the total cost of a house made of aerated concrete is significantly lower than brick buildings, which reduces the cost of constructing the facility as a whole.

In domestic construction, aerated concrete elements are increasingly being used. This piece building material is not an analogue of brick and has a number of features when laying it yourself. We will talk about them in our article.

Features of using blocks

Designing a block building will help you avoid a lot of mistakes and make it possible to operate it optimally.

Normative base

1. Thermal conductivity coefficients (calculated) of walls, for block brands not lower than D-500, are contained in SNiP No. 23/02/2003 “Thermal protection of buildings” and SP No. 23/101/2004 “Design of thermal protection of buildings”. One should also take into account STO No. 501/52/01/2007 “Design and construction of load-bearing structures of public and residential buildings using cellular types of concrete in the Russian Federation.”

Using this data, you can select the thickness of the block walls.

1. For installation, you should choose products that comply with the standards of State Standard No. 1359/2007 “Cellular types of autoclave-cured concrete.”
2. Installation of external walls made of blocks must be carried out based on SNiP standards No. 3.03.01/87 “Enclosing and load-bearing structures”. SNiP for laying walls made of aerated concrete indicates that load-bearing walls can be built from it up to 20 m high (5 floors). At the same time, the attic and ground floors are not taken into account.
3. SNiP No. II/22/81 “Reinforced masonry and stone structures” states that the laying of aerated concrete blocks should be bonded with a thin-layer adhesive mixture of factory production.

Note! The opinion that the price of such ready-made solutions is too high is not justified. Because When using glue, the seams are very thin, and it takes 6 times less than conventional masonry mortar.

You can make this composition yourself. Recipes are given below.

Glue recipes

Silicate mixture for aerated concrete blocks.

1. This glue can be used at temperatures not lower than +10°.
2. The glue begins to set 20 minutes after application.
3. Completion of setting – 240 minutes.
4. The pot life of the composition is 25/30 minutes.
5. Glue consumption – 4/8 kg per 1 square meter.

Polymer cement solution.

1. This composition can be used at temperatures not lower than +10°.
2. Its lifespan is 180/240 minutes, so it is more convenient to use.
3. Glue consumption – 4/8 kg per 1 square meter.

Types of masonry

Single-layer masonry of walls made of aerated concrete blocks can be produced in the following ways.

This applies to both load-bearing, self-supporting and non-load-bearing structures.

1. Installation in one block. The rows are laid with chain binding.
2. Laying in “two blocks”. Vertical tying of rows is carried out. This is done to at least one-fifth of the wall thickness. Alternative option- bandaging the elements with bonded rows every 2/3 of the rows of spoons.
3. Installation in “two blocks” without vertical tying them. The rows are additionally fastened with anchor plates or dowels. With this method of laying, vapor-permeable thermal insulation is often laid between the layers of blocks. If necessary, diamond drilling of holes in concrete is carried out.

Connecting elements must be made from steel reinforcement of class BP-I or A-III and treated with an anti-corrosion coating. It is also possible to use fasteners made of other types of materials: fiberglass, basalt plastic, etc.

They must be designed to withstand compressive and tensile loads.

1. External walls of buildings, up to 30 centimeters thick, are placed in “one block”. If finishing is not provided, aerated concrete must have a frost resistance grade of at least F-35.

1. The laying of internal walls from aerated concrete blocks is also carried out only in “one block”.

Note! When there is a possibility of deformation of the foundation by more than 20 mm, shrinkage of the walls by more than 100 mm, or their tilt by more than 50 mm, the masonry should be reinforced with monolithic reinforced concrete belts. An alternative option is to reinforce the masonry every 3/4 rows.

The instructions outline the following requirements for tying blocks.

1. The piece material is tied in rows. In this case, there should be a displacement of the elements of the top row in relation to the blocks located below.
2. When constructing walls in one block, chain-type ligation is carried out. When using blocks with a height of up to 25 cm, they must be shifted by no less than 0.4 of the block height. When installing material with a height of more than 25 cm, the elements should be shifted by at least 0.2 of their height.
3. When erecting walls in “two blocks”, they can be tied in rows of studs, every three rows of spoons. If the blocks have different thicknesses, you can use a die ligation. Its depth should be at least 0.2 the thickness of the walls.

Note! A separate case is masonry, carried out by connecting two layers of blocks (without ligating them) with mesh, rod or strip fastenings. It is considered multilayer with a flexible type of connection of layers.

Block laying

The technology for laying walls from aerated concrete blocks requires that the base for their laying must be absolutely flat. The height difference between the lowest and highest points of the base should not exceed 0.5 cm.

Starting row

1. If the curvature, height difference, or local unevenness of the masonry base is more than 5 cm, the initial row of blocks should be laid on sand-cement mortar. This will make it possible to lay the seam of the desired thickness. It should not be more than 2 cm.

1. Before installing the initial row, you should arrange cut-off waterproofing horizontal type. To do this, you can use materials based on bitumen - mastic or roll analogues, waterproofing solution, etc.
2. Masonry from piece stone-like materials always starts from the corners of the building and continues in complete rows.

1. The correct installation of each element (horizontally and vertically) is checked with a level. It is best to monitor the height of each row of blocks using a string (mooring) stretched on weights.

Rules for carrying out work

1. It is recommended to place racks with plumb lines at the corners of the building. They will allow you to monitor the verticality of the corners of the masonry.

1. After installing the next row, its plane must be leveled with a special grater to remove height differences between adjacent elements. Dust is removed from the treated blocks, then they are moistened with water.
2. If you need to get an incomplete block, cutting reinforced concrete with diamond wheels is used.
3. The thickness of masonry joints made from glue can vary from 0.5 to 3 mm.
4. The adhesive mixture should be applied to the horizontal sides of the blocks with a notched trowel or ladle in a continuous layer. This must be done in such a way that when installing the block, excess glue is squeezed out.

1. The masonry element should be lowered onto the glue strictly vertically. Horizontal displacements should not occur. The location of the block can be adjusted using a rubber mallet.
2. Excess mortar is not rubbed onto the wall, but is cut off after it has set.

Note! When laying blocks on a light sand-cement mortar having a density of less than 1.5 t/m 3 (permissible for partitions), horizontal joints should have a thickness of 10/15 mm. Vertical joints can be made smaller - 8/12 mm.

1. The thermal uniformity of block masonry using heavy mortars (with a calculated justification for its load-bearing capacity) can be increased. For this purpose, the seams are made in the form of two strips located near the outer edges of the block, with a gap between them. It is filled with elastic heat-insulating material.
2. Vertical seams must be filled completely; walls should not be blown through them.
3. If the blocks have profiled ends, the vertical joints of the masonry should be filled along their entire height and not less than 40% of the width of the element.
4. When the masonry is reinforced, the vertical joints between the blocks (at the bending point) should be completely filled, even if their ends are profiled.

Conclusion

Elements made of aerated concrete are a modern, technologically advanced building material. Due to their size, they make it possible to construct buildings very quickly. At the same time, the house turns out to be warm, durable and comfortable ().

The video in this article will give you more information.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)

MASONRY OF EXTERNAL WALLS FROM GAS SILICATE BLOCKS

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

1.1. A standard technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor for performing the technological process and defining the composition of production operations using the most modern means mechanization and methods of performing work using a specific technology. The TTK is intended for use in the development of the Work Performance Project (WPP) by construction departments and is its integral part in accordance with MDS 12-81.2007.

1.2. This technical specification contains instructions for the organization and technology of work when laying external walls made of gas silicate blocks, defines the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection .

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps is:

Standard drawings;

Construction codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

Factory instructions and technical conditions (TU);

Standards and prices for construction and installation work (GESN-2001 ENiR);

Production standards for material consumption (NPRM);

Local progressive norms and prices, norms of labor costs, norms of consumption of material and technical resources.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TC is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of production of work on laying external walls from gas silicate blocks in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

Reducing the cost of work;

Reduced construction duration;

Ensuring the safety of work performed;

Organization of rhythmic work;

Rational use of labor resources and machines;

Unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Project), Workers are being developed technological maps(RTK) to perform certain types of work on laying external walls from gas silicate blocks.

The design features of their implementation are decided in each specific case by the Working Design. The composition and degree of detail of materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and volume of work performed.

The RTK is reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction Organization.

1.6. The TTK can be tied to a specific facility and construction conditions. This process consists of clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, and the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTC to local conditions:

Consideration of map materials and selection of the desired option;

Checking the compliance of the initial data (amount of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of workers) with the accepted option;

Adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

Recalculation of calculations, technical and economic indicators, requirements for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

Design of the graphic part with specific reference to mechanisms, equipment and devices in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A standard flow chart has been developed for engineering and technical workers (work managers, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the third temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for carrying out work on laying external walls from gas silicate blocks using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and materials, methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scope of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on laying external walls from gas silicate blocks.

2.2. Work on laying external walls made of gas silicate blocks is carried out in one shift, the duration of working hours during the shift is:

Where is the duration of a work shift without a lunch break;

Production reduction factor;

Recycling rate.

In calculating the standards for time and duration of work, a single-shift operating mode with a work shift duration of 10 hours with a five-day work week was adopted. Net working time during a shift is taken taking into account the coefficient of reduction in output due to an increase in shift duration compared to an 8-hour work shift equal to 0,05 and recycling rate 1,25 total time for a 5-day working week (“Methodological recommendations for organizing rotational work in construction, M-2007”).

where - preparatory and final time, 0.24 hours incl.

Breaks related to the organization and technology of the process include the following breaks:

Receiving a task at the beginning of the shift and handing over the work at the end 10 min = 0.16 hour.

Preparation of the workplace, tools, etc. 5 min = 0.08 hour.

2.3. The work performed when laying walls made of gas silicate blocks includes:

Construction of scaffolding;

Supply of foam blocks and mortar;

Laying foam blocks.

2.4. The technological map provides for the work to be performed by a complex mechanized unit consisting of: manual electric mixer ZUBR ZMR-1350E-1 "EXPERT" (1200 W); mobile petrol Honda power plant ET12000 (3-phase 380/220 V, 11 kW, 150 kg); automobile jib crane KS-45717 (load capacity 25.0 t) as a driving mechanism.

Fig.1. Electric mixer ZMR-1350E-1

Fig.2. Honda ET12000 power station

Fig.3. Load characteristics of the KS-45717 truck-mounted jib crane

2.5. For laying external walls made of gas silicate blocks, the main materials used are: universal, roofing hydroisol EPP in accordance with GOST 7415-86; in accordance with gas silicate blocks size 600x300x200 mm in accordance with GOST 31360-2007. Gas silicate belongs to light cellular concretes of autoclave synthesis. It is obtained through the process of autoclave (at a temperature of +180 ° C and a steam pressure of up to 14 bar) hardening of a mixture consisting of Portland cement (20%), quartz sand (60%), quicklime (20%), aluminum powder (less than 1%) and water. When the components are mixed, chemical reactions begin with the release of gas, the mixture foams, and pores of different sizes are formed inside, filled with air. The color of the blocks is white, they contain background radiation. Finished walls made from gas silicate blocks are easy to plaster because their porous structure is open, water absorption is 25% of its own volume.

Fig.4. Gidroizol

Fig.5. Gas silicate block

2.6. Work on laying external walls made of gas silicate blocks should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.03-84*. Geodetic work in construction;
________________
* SNiP 3.01.03-84 was declared invalid as of 01/01/2013. Instead, SP 126.13330.2012 applies. - Database manufacturer's note.

3.4. To avoid heat loss and eliminate so-called “cold bridges”, it is recommended to use Kesto Eco Blok masonry and adhesive mortar . The thickness of the seam when laying aerated blocks with adhesive will be 1-3 mm; with the cement laying method, the thickness of the seam between them will vary in the range of 6-10 mm, and the smaller the thickness of the seam, the warmer it is in the house. Work on laying external load-bearing walls is carried out in the following sequence:

The locations of walls, door and window openings are marked and secured to the ceiling;

Installation of the slats - ordering;

Installation and rearrangement of the mooring line;

Cutting and hewing of foam concrete blocks (as needed);

Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation under the walls;

Feeding and laying out facing bricks on the wall;

Shovelling, feeding, spreading and leveling mortar on the wall;

Laying foam concrete blocks of the first row;

Check that all joints are filled with mortar;

3.4.1. Before the start of masonry, a 4th grade mason installs and secures corner and intermediate orders, indicating the marks of window and door openings on them.

To do this, the mason fastens a clamp in the vertical seam of the masonry, and after 3-4 rows - another. Then, between the installed clamps, the order is inserted and pressed against the masonry with a screw clamp. The screws at the lower end of the order regulate its vertical position. The mason controls the correct installation using a plumb line and level or level. The serifs for each row in all orders must be in the same horizontal plane. Orders are installed at corners, at places where walls intersect and adjoin, and on straight sections of walls - at a distance of 10-15 m from one another.

Fig.9. Installation diagram of inventory metal order

3.4.2. Between the foundation and the masonry it is necessary to make a cut-off waterproofing that will prevent capillary suction. To do this, a cement-sand mortar with a layer of 1-2 cm is spread over the top of the foundation. A layer of waterproofing made of roll material series soft roof - hydroisol EPP with an overlap of at least 150 mm.

3.4.3. The completed work on waterproofing the foundation must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing Inspection Certificates, hidden work, in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006

Fig. 10. Waterproofing device

3.4.4. Then a cement mortar of cement and sand in a ratio of 1:4 is applied to the surface of the waterproofing in sections.

You need to start laying from the highest corner of the foundation, which is determined by the building level or level. The blocks laid in the first row must be aligned strictly horizontally so that their overall surface is even. For this purpose, cement mortar is used, which is laid with different layer thicknesses, thereby leveling the surface of the foundation. Before installing the block, it is necessary to wet its lower surface, which will rest on the cement mortar. This is done with one sole purpose - to prevent moisture from the solution from quickly moving into the block. Cement-sand mortar plays a dual role as a fastening component and as a leveling layer. The next rows will be laid with glue.

Fig. 11. Preparing to lay the first row of blocks

3.4.5. Particular attention should be paid to laying the first row of blocks. The convenience of further work and the quality of the entire construction depend on this. The horizontal and vertical position of the blocks is controlled using a level and, if necessary, adjusted with a rubber mallet.

Fig. 12. Block position control

3.4.6. If there is a gap in the first row of masonry that is less than the length of a whole block, you need to make an additional block. In this case, cutting of aerated concrete is done with a hand saw. The sawn surface should be leveled with a trowel. The ends of the sides must be coated with glue during installation. The installation of the second top row begins with laying it on top of the trimmed block in order to maintain the sling, that is, to obtain a standard brickwork with offset. After laying the first row, the surface of the blocks is leveled with a special sanding board or aerated concrete plane. Small fragments and dust remaining after leveling are removed with a brush.

Fig. 13. Preparation of aerated concrete blocks for masonry

3.4.7. A mooring cord is stretched between the installed corner blocks, as shown in Fig. 14, and the row is filled. When laying walls, a mooring cord is installed for each row, pulling it and rearranging it using a movable clamp at the level of the top of the bricks being laid, indented from the vertical plane of the masonry by 1-2 mm. At lighthouses, the mooring is secured with a bracket shown in Fig. 14 b, the sharp end of which is inserted into the seam of the masonry, and to the long blunt end resting on the lighthouse gas silicate block, tie a mooring cord. The free end of the cord is wound around the handle of the staple. By turning the staple to a new position, the mooring for the next row is tightened. To eliminate sagging, a beacon is placed under the cord, as can be seen in Fig. 14 c - a wooden beacon wedge, with a thickness equal to the height of the masonry row. Press the cord with a brick laid on top. Beacons are placed every 4-5 m with a projection beyond the vertical plane of the wall by 3-4 mm.

Fig. 14. Installation of mooring cord

A - mooring bracket; b - installation of the bracket; c - use of wooden lighthouse bricks

The mooring cord can be tied to nails secured in the joints of the masonry, as shown in Fig. 14.

Fig. 15. Scheme for securing the mooring with nails

A - general form tensioned mooring, b - fastening the mooring with a double loop, c - tensioning the mooring

3.4.8. The walls are laid under the berth with the preliminary laying out of corner and intermediate beacons in the form of a shelter penalty, as shown in Fig. 16. The number of beacons depends on the organization of work in the team. If each link works independently, independently of neighboring links, then the beacons are laid out at the boundaries of the plot of each link. To do this, the mason begins the first front row of masonry from the corner. The first row of the second wall is attached to the first row of the front wall, and the second row is laid out in the reverse order. As a result, the spoon rows of one wall poke out onto the surface of the other wall.

Fig. 16. Corner and intermediate beacons (fines)

A - corner shelter (lighthouse); b - intermediate shelter in a solid wall (lighthouse)

3.5. After installing and checking the orders, tightening the mooring and installing the beacons, perform the following operations:

Lay out aerated concrete blocks on the wall;

Prepare Kesto Eco Blok masonry adhesive mortar;

Spread the mortar under the outer milepost;

Laying the outer verst of spoon rows;

Spread the mortar under the inner milepost;

Laying the inner verst of spoon rows;

Reinforcement of masonry walls;

Spread the solution under the dressing stitch row;

Laying the dressing bond row;

Check that all joints are filled with mortar;

Laying prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels and individual reinforcing bars over door and window openings along the course of the masonry;

Checking the correctness of the masonry using a building level;

Cleaning defects with an electric grinder.

3.6. Preparation of masonry and adhesive mortar Kesto Eco Blok

3.6.1. The use of cement-sand mortar certainly leads to an increase in the thickness of the joints and the appearance of “cold bridges”, which are a gap in the wall material. High heat transfer in places of “cold bridges” causes the appearance of cold spots on the inner surface of the walls, the formation of condensation, increased heat loss, and the appearance of mold and mildew. In addition, conventional cement-sand mortars significantly increase the unevenness of the masonry and reduce its flexural and compressive strength. The technology of laying gas silicate blocks using glue allows you to minimize the gap between the blocks and prevent the appearance of “cold bridges”.

3.6.2. To prepare the adhesive solution Kesto Eco Block An electric drill with an installed mixing blade and a plastic container for stirring the solution and water are required.

3.6.3. Slowly pour the contents of the bag (25 kg), stirring constantly, into a pre-measured amount of water (5-6 l) at a temperature of +5...+25 ° C, until a uniform viscous mass is formed without visible separation and lumps. Let the resulting mass sit for 5-10 minutes, then stir again and start working. Ready solution should be used within 2-3 hours (at a temperature of +20±2 °C), periodically reviving with stirring. Water cannot be added to an already cured solution.

Fig. 17. Preparation of adhesive solution

3.7. Wall masonry

3.7.1. Laying the next rows of walls should begin after the cement mortar has set, i.e. 1-2 hours after laying the first row. Due to the high geometric accuracy of the block sizes, subsequent rows are placed on the adhesive.

The laying of load-bearing walls begins with the laying of corner blocks. Each laid block requires alignment not only horizontally, but also vertically.

After laying the corners, you should stretch the mooring cord, as was done when laying the first row, and fill the next row.

When carrying out work and over the next 3 days, the temperature of the air and the base should be in the range from +5 °C to +35 °C.

3.7.2. Apply the solution to the horizontal surface of the block using a notched trowel measuring 8x8 mm. The solution is also applied to the vertical surface of the block by pressing the spatula against the bottom of the vertical wall of the block and moving it up without tearing it off. After laying the block, it should be pressed so that the layer thickness is 2-5 mm. The position of the block can be adjusted within 15 minutes. Fresh stains of the solution are removed with water or a damp cloth. Hardened mortar can only be removed mechanically.

3.7.3. The next row begins to be laid from one of the outer corners. Laying rows is carried out with ligation of blocks, by shifting the next rows relative to the previous ones. The minimum displacement value is 10 centimeters. The glue protruding from the seams does not need to be rubbed down; it is removed using a trowel. Blocks of complex configuration and additional blocks are made using a hand saw. The length of the outer blocks at the edges (of door and window) openings or corners of the building should be 11.5 cm.

3.7.4. Regardless of the shape of the blocks, the load-bearing seams are completely filled with glue. The vertical seams connecting the smooth blocks are also filled. Interblock seams, connected in a tongue-and-groove manner, remain partially unfilled. The thickness of the seam is 1-3 millimeters. Aerated concrete walls optimal thickness laid using thin joint glue, do not require additional thermal insulation.

Fig. 18. Laying aerated concrete blocks

3.7.5. After laying, the surface of the blocks is leveled with a special sanding board or aerated concrete plane. Small fragments and dust remaining after leveling are removed with a brush. Leveling the masonry should be repeated after installing each row. Changes in the level of blocks lead to the appearance of individual foci high voltage which contribute to the appearance of cracks.

3.7.6. To prevent the appearance of efflorescence on the walls, during winter construction, use an adhesive solution with the addition of anti-frost components.

The overall stability of masonry completed in winter is increased by:

Laying steel ties in the corners (see Fig. 19 a);

At the junction and intersection of walls (see Fig. 19 b);

Installation of floor slabs after completion of masonry and anchoring them to the walls;

Laying steel anchors connecting the frame columns to the walls industrial buildings(see Fig. 19 c).

Fig. 19. Strengthening masonry with steel ties:

A - in the corners; b - at the intersection of walls; c - at the junction of columns with walls;

1 - vertical anchors with a diameter of 10...12 mm; 2 - horizontal connections with a diameter of 8...10 mm; 3 - horizontal anchor with a diameter of 8...10 mm

3.7.7. The laying of walls, as well as the laying of aerated concrete blocks under the supporting parts of structures, regardless of the dressing system, should begin and end with a joint row. The difference in heights of masonry being erected on adjacent sections and when laying junctions of external and internal walls should not exceed the height of the floor.

3.7.8. The laying of external load-bearing walls is carried out by teams of masons "two".

Link "two" consists of a leading mason of the 4th category and a mason of the 2nd category. A team of masons is assigned to the plot allocated to it for the entire period of masonry. The recommended length of the plot for a “double” link, depending on the complexity of the masonry, can be taken within the range of 8-18 m. The lead mason lays out the verst rows and controls the correctness of the masonry. He follows a helper who is laying out blocks on the wall. The laying of the inner and outer versts is carried out in the same order, but in opposite directions. The lead mason moves the mooring together with a helper. The laid wall fragments should be protected with a film of unpacked blocks.

3.8. Wall reinforcement

3.8.1. Any structures systematically experience deforming loads. Uneven shrinkage, temperature changes, soil sedimentation, and intense wind can cause hairline cracks that do not affect the load-bearing capacity of the masonry, but deteriorate the aesthetic appearance of the walls.

3.8.2. Unlike aerated concrete, which has low resistance to bending deformations, the reinforcement is able to absorb the tension that appears when the building deforms, thus protecting the walls from cracks and guaranteeing the protection of aerated concrete blocks. the occurrence of cracks can be avoided. To do this, the masonry must be divided into fragments with expansion joints or reinforcement.

3.8.3. Additional protection of aerated concrete from cracks can be provided by reinforcing the finishing layers with fiberglass mesh. This measure will prevent cracks from reaching the surface.

3.8.4. The reinforcement must be placed in prepared armored belts. Should be reinforced first row of blocks , located on the foundation, as well as every fourth row of masonry (the fifth tying row is used for bandaging), zones of lintel supports, reinforcement of a number of blocks under window openings, structural elements with high loads.

3.8.5. To install reinforcement in the upper edge of aerated concrete blocks using a manual wall chaser, grooves are installed. The groove must be of a certain depth so that the reinforcement can be completely immersed in it. After this, dust is removed from the grooves, and the cavities are filled with an adhesive solution. Afterwards, 8 mm reinforcement is placed in the glue and excess glue is removed. For the process of reinforcing a wall made of aerated concrete blocks, 200 millimeters thick, one 8 mm reinforcement bar is sufficient. If the wall thickness exceeds 200 millimeters, two rods are used for reinforcement.

3.8.5. When installing reinforcement in the area of ​​lintels and window opening areas, it is necessary to perform reinforcement 900 millimeters in each direction from the edge of the opening.

Fig.20. Wall reinforcement

3.8.6. Reinforcing bars to support the facing brick of the outer verst are arranged in the following order:

At the mark of the top of the window opening, board formwork with the racks supporting it is installed and verified;

A layer of mortar 1520 mm thick is spread on the top of the formwork;

3 bars of A-III 10 mm reinforcement are sunk into the solution, with the free ends of the reinforcement bars inserted into the walls to a depth of at least 250 mm.

3.8.7. The completed work on wall reinforcement must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing Inspection Reports, hidden work, in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006 and obtaining permission to carry out subsequent work on masonry walls.

3.9. Expansion joints

3.9.1. Like reinforcement, expansion joints are designed to protect aerated concrete walls from cracks. The locations for expansion joints are determined in each case individually. As a rule, expansion joints are placed in places where the height and thickness of walls change, between warm and cold walls, in unreinforced walls whose length exceeds 6.0 m, also in places where aerated concrete blocks are connected with other materials, columns, and at intersections long load-bearing walls. Expansion joints should be sealed mineral wool or polyethylene foam. The inside of the seams is treated with a special vapor-proof sealant, and the outside with a weather-resistant sealant.

3.10. Installation of outlets for partitions

3.10.1. In accordance with the project, we mark on the load-bearing wall a place for the future partition. The markings must be strictly perpendicular to the foundation.

3.10.2. In the place where the partition will be, a flexible connection made of stainless steel is inserted into the adhesive seam. The anchors are mounted at one end into the load-bearing wall, and at the other end into the seam of the partition.

3.10.3. Flexible masonry connections are secured in the seam with nails. The first row of blocks is placed on a cement-sand mortar.

3.10.4. Flexible connections are attached to the supporting masonry with a dowel. To attach partitions to ceilings, flexible masonry connections or polyurethane foam are used.

Fig.21. Installation of partition fastening

3.11. Installation of monolithic reinforced concrete lintels

3.11.1. Monolithic reinforced concrete lintels over door and window openings are made of U-shaped blocks, which are elements of formwork and spatial reinforcement frame.

3.11.2. U-shaped blocks are laid on a prepared horizontal base so that the depth of support for the lintel is at least 250 mm. This function is perfectly performed by a board or timber. The base must have reliable support so that the lintel does not sag during pouring. The vertical seams between the U-shaped blocks are filled with adhesive solution.

3.11.3. Check the evenness of the U-shaped blocks and, if necessary, level them using a rubber hammer. When installing jumpers, attention is paid to the accuracy of their installation along vertical marks, horizontality and the size of the supporting area.

3.11.4. Reinforcing cages are laid and fixed. The reinforcement cages are laid closer to the inner edge of the U-lintel. Thermal insulation is placed between the outer wall of the U-lintel and the reinforcement frame.

3.11.5. Before concreting begins, the U-liner is moistened with water. For concreting we use concrete of the class specified by the project. Place the concrete in the U-lintel and compact it thoroughly. The surface of the poured concrete is leveled with a trowel and trowel.

3.11.6. The lintel acquires load-bearing capacity only after the concrete has completely hardened. Removal of temporary supports is allowed only after the load-bearing capacity of the lintel has been reached.

3.11.7. The completed work on the installation of the spatial reinforcement frame of reinforced concrete lintels must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing Inspection Certificates, hidden work, in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006 and obtaining permission to perform subsequent masonry work walls

Fig.22. Jumper device

3.12. Connecting aerated concrete blocks with reinforced concrete

3.12.1. The connection of the wall filling the frame with a reinforced concrete column or perpendicular reinforced concrete wall is carried out using metal connections located every 2-3 rows of blocks. In this case, one part of the connection is placed in the seam of the masonry made of blocks and secured with special nails, and the second part is attached to the side surface of the pillar or wall.

3.12.2. The junctions of the blocks with reinforced concrete floors or beams of the frame structure are filled with polyurethane foam, due to which the wall acquires additional stability.

3.12.3. Often single-layer block walls are used to fill a reinforced concrete frame. In this case, the places where the blocks adjoin the reinforced concrete are filled with cement-sand mortar.

Fig.23. Connecting blocks to reinforced concrete structures

3.13. Flooring installation on aerated concrete walls

3.13.1. To create floors, two types of slabs are used:

Hollow-core slabs made of heavy concrete;

Aerated concrete slabs.

3.13.2. The use of aerated concrete slabs implies the mandatory installation of a reinforced belt made of heavy concrete, which ensures the building’s resistance to wind loads, temperature and shrinkage deformations, and emergency impacts.

Aerated concrete floor slabs, like wall blocks made of aerated concrete, are made using standard technology and are processed in an autoclave. The performance of this material provides excellent load-bearing capacity and fairly low thermal conductivity of aerated concrete floor slabs.

The floor, with a base of aerated concrete floor slabs, always remains warm. In addition, aerated concrete floors do not need additional insulation.

The impeccable geometry and smoothness of aerated concrete floor slabs simplify the finishing work of ceilings.

Aerated concrete slabs act as reliable protection against fire, limiting its spread to only one level.

3.13.3. Hollow-core slabs are used if the distance between load-bearing walls more than 6.0 m. In this case, the slab is supported on a special distribution belt made of sand-lime brick reinforced with masonry mesh or monolithic reinforced concrete.

3.13.4. Floor slabs cannot be laid directly on aerated concrete blocks, because this can create a point load that exceeds the tensile strength of foam concrete.

To distribute the load from the floor evenly, a wall of aerated concrete blocks is cast monolithic concrete armored belt

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