If you have a vegetable garden and a garden with outbuildings on your farm, you simply need a project for a cellar under the barn. It is this kind of structure that is a reliable and proven way to preserve the harvest.

Eat different variants creating it, for example, designing a barn with a cellar, installing it under a house or garage, or you can build a separate version.

By type they are underground, semi-underground and above-ground. Additionally, we can distinguish a glacier, a pile, a pit, which are the simplest storage areas for vegetables and fruits.

First, let's look at cellar projects that are completely located underground. Before erecting such buildings, make sure that the groundwater horizon is below 2 m, and preferably 2.5 m, since the height of the cellar from the floor to the ceiling is about 1.8 m. In extreme cases, you can make a sand bedding to raise the bottom of the basement .

Zemlyanoy

Simple design, but has good performance characteristics. The price of the device is minimal, since mainly local building materials are used for the construction.

When constructing the construction of the pit wall, make it with a slight slope from the center. Then the soil from them will crumble less.

For waterproofing and to avoid capillary wetting of the bottom, lay a 50 mm layer of crushed stone with hot bitumen on it and compact it. The next one will be an adobe layer with small crushed bricks 80~100 mm thick.

It is better to cover the walls with boards yourself, which can then be removed and dried in the sun in the summer. This way they will last longer and the products will improve their quality.

The ceiling is usually made from a slab or poles, and then covered with clay-straw lubricant and covered with a layer of 300-400 mm of earth on top. The roof of the earthen cellar is made gable, and it is lowered to the ground so that it overlaps it on each side by 500 mm.

The material for it can be hewn croaker, reeds, branches and anything else that is nearby. It is usually insulated with dry leaves or peat. The ridge is made from edged boards, and roofing material is placed under it.

Any cellar needs properly installed ventilation. Here it is one exhaust pipe, which can be made from boards tightly fitted to each other. Inside, shelves and bins 1 m high are made for storing agricultural products and canning.

The floor in the bins is usually slatted to improve ventilation. To drain water from the basement, it is necessary to dig a ditch approximately 500 mm deep along its perimeter.

Cellar in the garage

This design will make it possible to save space in a suburban area.

A garage project with a cellar and inspection hole is almost a unique option for making a basement in an urban environment.

1. The standard depth of such a structure is up to 2 m.
2. In conditions close to groundwater or with wet soil, walls must be made of monolithic waterproof concrete or high density.
3. In dry soil, it is enough to make lightweight walls from standard asbestos-cement corrugated sheets of roofing slate. They are installed in 2 layers and attached to wooden frame self-tapping screws or self-tapping screws, which increases strength. They are glued together with bitumen mastic or cement-casein based glue.
4. To waterproof the room, prepare hot bitumen, which must be coated twice over the enclosing structures. Do not forget to treat the surfaces with primer before doing this.
5. Air circulation can be ensured using a hatch with a grill or installation ventilation pipe with two channels. During low temperatures, use an old cotton blanket or something similar to insulate the grille.

In the photo - the cellar under the garage

Stone basement

The most durable and reliable storage that can be used for different types agricultural products. Such cellars used to be made in almost every peasant household. There are known cases when they were operated without overhaul more than a century.

Below are instructions for the main stages of the project.

1. The best material for constructing a stone cellar is flagstone or limestone, which is widespread in the central part of the country, where its price is affordable for the majority of the population.
2. For masonry, clay mortar is used with the addition of chaff and lime in small quantities. The strength of the mortar has been tested by time; it becomes so strong that it is difficult to drive a nail into it.
3. To ensure the durability of the structure, it must be installed on a dry site. Here groundwater should not reach the floor level by at least 700 mm.

Advice: construction of the structure must be started and completed in the dry season, so that the foundation pit does not become saturated with rain moisture and is not washed away by it.

1. Along the perimeter of the foundation and walls, make a clay castle, acting as waterproofing, 200-250 mm thick.
2. For the floor, prepare clay with crushed stone or quarry stone, fraction 20-80 mm.
3. The ceiling of the basement must be vaulted using special wooden formwork with circles. It has an arched shape and is supported by specially cut boards the size of a span.

Lay out the arch on both sides at the same time, moving towards the center from the edges. Please note that an odd number of bricks are used in the masonry, and it is completed by a keystone, a wedging vault, ensuring the reliability and strength of the structure.

Fill the outside of the ceiling with a thick solution of lime, place a layer of clay 80 mm thick on top, then wood ash– 100 mm for thermal insulation, finish with clay or dry earth.

In addition to the usual cellar, covered with a layer of earth, you can make a cellar above it, which will add additional convenience to its use. It is made from limestone using clay mortar. It will protect the structure and will be an additional room where you can also store food and equipment.

Do not forget to make a drainage system of shallow drainage grooves around the perimeter, which will protect the penetration of rain and melt water. In addition, it is necessary to arrange a wide clay-crushed stone or sand blind area. Today, most often the stone is replaced with red brick, and the floors are constructed from slabs.

Ground

Such structures are erected when groundwater is located above 500 mm from ground level.

Wall-mounted

1. One of the walls of this building is the main wall of the house.
2. For its construction, red baked brick or monolithic concrete or flagstone are used. The thickness of the walls is 250 mm; a mixture of sand and cement is used for masonry.
3. The walls are plastered outside and inside with cement mortar, plus external waterproofing is carried out using hot bitumen (2 layers). The rough floor is concrete, 100-150 mm thick, finishing cement - 50 mm.
4. They cover the room with a thick slab with hewn edges. A layer of clay and 2 layers of roofing material are laid on top. Afterwards they make an embankment with dry earth or peat.
5. It is imperative to make a blind area and a drainage groove around the perimeter of the basement, the distance from the walls is 1-1.5 m.

Tip: raise vegetable bins above the floor by 100 mm and install shelves for bulk products.

Creating a wine cellar

True connoisseurs know that the drink should be stored under certain conditions. Only a properly designed and equipped cellar can provide them.

Conditions

1. The temperature should be in the range of 10-14°C.
2. Humidity – 60-80%, so that the plugs do not dry out.
3. Bottles need to be protected from UV radiation to prevent the wine from spoiling.
4. There should be no vibrations in the room. Otherwise, the movement of the liquid will cause the wine to age prematurely and spoil.

Room

1. Identify heat sources and other factors that may affect temperature and humidity.
2. Inspect the ventilation system to see if it is possible to integrate or install new climate monitoring units.
3. Install a heat-resistant door that will keep the temperature stable. The best decision- vestibule.
4. Engineering communications are a must in the cellar. Power supply, technological openings in the walls, load on them - leave the development of this stage to specialists.

Equipment selection

1. The wine cellar project requires a special air conditioner; a household one is not suitable, since it is designed for +18°C. This is due to the fact that necessary equipment capable of reducing room temperature to +5°C.
2. The air conditioner must maintain a given level of humidity.
3. Drain system. It is necessary to maintain an optimal level in the evaporation tank. The best option– condensate drainage into the sewer system.

Wine cellar racks

Every car enthusiast at least once in his life thought about how to build a basement in a garage with his own hands. This is a pretty good idea, because the owner of the building gets the opportunity to increase the free space, which can be used not only for storing tools or spare parts for the car. Many people equip an underground room for a cellar, where conservation is stored or install here a pool table. If a property owner pursues a similar goal, he urgently needs to make a dry basement. How does something like this happen? technological process, will be described in detail in our article.

Requirements for underground premises

Smart people consider arranging a cellar in a garage to be a profitable investment, because such a building is valued much more expensive than a conventional building. In addition, an unnecessary basement can be rented out and get additional profit from it. In order for the building to last as long as possible, certain rules must be followed:

• Lay high-quality and reliable waterproofing, which will prevent the penetration of surface water into the room. Before digging a cellar, it is recommended to conduct geodetic research and find out about the maximum and minimum groundwater levels. The liquid reaches a critical point during winter thaws or during prolonged rainy weather. Digging a basement better in autumn when groundwater is deep. The information obtained as a result of the research will help determine the depth of the foundation and make it possible to select high-quality waterproofing.
• Waterproofing cannot always cope with the problem of moisture penetration into the room, so a drainage system is provided for drainage in the garage.
• When building a cellar in the garage, ventilation must be installed. It's connected with high humidity in an underground room. Exhaust ventilation allows you to pump clean air into the cellar and remove exhaust gases. If you do not exhaust the hood, fungus or mold will soon appear on the surfaces of the enclosing structures. Such negative impacts sooner or later will lead to spoilage of food products or stored items.
• If the basement under the garage will be used as a workshop or a place to relax with friends, the walls of this room must be insulated without fail. Moreover thermal insulation materials should resist moisture well even in cases where the enclosing structures are covered with high-quality waterproofing.

Technology of work execution

The main construction work should be preceded by drawing up a garage project. On the sketch of the building, overall dimensions are indicated, as well as design features individual nodes. At the initial stage of work, it is necessary to decide on the type of heat and waterproofing, the material for the walls, and the number of floor slabs.

If the groundwater level is high (less than 3 meters from the surface of the earth), we build the floor, as well as the walls of the basement, from monolithic concrete slabs. Lightweight enclosing structures are erected only on dry, non-heaving soils. The process of building a basement in a garage consists of several simple sequential steps:

1. We make markings for the future cellar according to a pre-developed project.
2. We dig out the pit by hand or with an excavator.
3. Level the floor surface.
4. We lay sheets of roofing felt at the bottom of the pit, keeping an overlap of 15 centimeters. We lay waterproofing material on the walls by 20 centimeters.
5. We concrete the floor, reinforcing the structure with metal mesh.
6. We install basement walls using for this purpose concrete mixture or brick. On the outside of the building, where the building envelope comes into contact with the soil, hot bitumen mastic is applied to the surface.
7. We lay factory-made monolithic slabs or arrange a plank floor.
8. We install heat and waterproofing, connect the electrical network, and install a ventilation system.

Nuances of flooring

The construction of a basement begins with the installation of the floor. To obtain a dry and warm floor covering when digging a pit, the depth is increased by 30-40 centimeters from the design mark. A 15 cm layer of sand is poured into the bottom of the pit. The bedding is compacted by pouring water, and then crushed stone is poured in; the thickness of the bedding is about 15 centimeters. Similar materials will be used as drainage. Seeding groundwater will not linger near the waterproofing; the liquid will quickly drain through the layer of crushed stone and sand.

After the crushed stone is compacted onto a large pit, rolls of waterproofing materials are laid in several layers, and the panels are glued together with hot bitumen. Next, fill the floor in the basement of the garage, using cement-sand mortar or special leveling mixtures with reinforcing fiber (screed thickness within 2-3 centimeters). When the base dries, it is impregnated with a waterproofing primer.

Many garage owners install clay floors in their basement. Design flooring consists of two layers of clay, 25 and 40 centimeters each. In the middle between the layers, rolls are laid waterproofing materials. Plank flooring is used as the finishing floor covering.

What to make basement walls from

The material for the manufacture of load-bearing structures will depend on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. For use in dry soils, brick walls can be used. For all other types of soil, strong and reliable reinforced concrete is used. To prevent brick destruction, it is necessary to finish the garage basement with plaster solutions.

Before erecting concrete walls, wooden formwork is made (the height of each section is within 30-40 centimeters). A frame made of reinforcement is installed inside the enclosing structure. Sections are rearranged as the concrete hardens until the wall reaches the desired height.

Advice! Not everyone knows how to make a basement in a garage correctly. A deep penetration primer helps to enhance waterproofing. such solutions are applied to the surfaces of brick or concrete walls.

Waterproofing device

The durability of the entire cellar will depend on properly installed waterproofing. We have already discussed the process of waterproofing the floor above, but insulating the surface of the walls has its own rules. Special attention It is necessary to pay attention to streams of water on the enclosing structures. These problem areas are clogged with greasy clay. Not everyone knows how to properly seal leaks; to do this, you need to widen the hole and put clay there.

When constructing a cellar in the garage, a small gap is left between the pit and the wall. Rolled waterproofing materials are glued to the outer walls, and the panels are coated with hot bitumen mastic. The free space between the soil and the wall is filled with clay. You can also fill in regular soil in the gap if the groundwater is below the foundation level.

How to make ventilation

A device is needed in the garage basement ventilation system. To provide the underground room with a sufficient amount of clean air and effectively remove exhaust gases, several small holes are made in the base of the walls. Ventilation can be natural, when air flows move through a difference in pressure inside or outside the room, or forced. A fan is used to circulate air. Now that we know how to build a cellar in a garage, let's get acquainted with the nuances of installing a hood:

1. We prepare two pipes.
2. We fix the first one near the ceiling, the upper edge of the pipe should rise 35-50 centimeters above the roof. To prevent the entry of debris and insects, the upper opening is covered with a mesh or a special cap.
3. The second pipe for the supply of fresh air is fixed at a distance of 5-10 centimeters from the floor. The upper edge of the pipe should rise 30 centimeters above the soil surface. This hole is also covered with a mesh.

Making a cellar in a garage with your own hands is quite simple; maintaining such a ventilation system is much more difficult. IN winter period it may not work. To prevent such unpleasant situations, it is necessary to insulate pipelines and also clear accumulated snow. The pipe inlet is removable for ease of maintenance.

How to insulate a basement

When making a cellar under the garage with your own hands, take care of high-quality insulation of the underground room. Thermal insulation must be installed regardless of the purpose of using the basement. In the absence of insulation in winter, this part of the building will be cold, which will lead to freezing of stored vegetables and preservation.

When insulating the cellar with your own hands, choose polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam. Such materials not only have a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity, they are not afraid of moisture, so fungus or mold will never appear on the surface of such thermal insulation. For laying in the basement, foam sheets with a thickness of at least 5 centimeters are used.

Note! When sticking insulation on the inside of the room, condensation will appear in any case. This is due to the significant difference in temperatures inside and outside the cellar.

To prevent condensation, insulate the basement only from the outside. If this is not possible, leave a layer of 1-2 centimeters between the thermal insulation and the wall. The free space between the materials is used to remove water vapor.

We described how to build a basement in a garage. The basic technological process may differ depending on the characteristics of the soil and the financial capabilities of the building owner.

A cellar under the garage is convenient because it does not take up much space on the site. In winter, the garage basement is not covered with snow, and you can get into it at any time. This cellar does not require additional thermal insulation, since it is already located inside the garage, and if necessary, it can be equipped with an inspection hole for self-repair of the car.

Before execution starts construction work it is necessary to take into account a number important nuances, such as: length, depth, width.

In addition, constructing such a basement requires much less money than building other types of cellars.

The nuances of building a basement under the garage

When building such a cellar, it is necessary to comply with many important conditions, the main ones being effective ventilation and complete waterproofness. It is best to build a basement at the same time as building a garage.

The cellar is convenient because it can also be used as a viewing hole. To make this possible, a staircase with a slight slope is made, running along the entire length of the cellar. Thanks to the small angle of inclination, standing on the steps of the stairs, you can service the car. This option allows you to save a lot of money.

One of the most serious aspects is the construction of the cellar walls.

They are constituent element garage foundation, so it’s better not to skimp on their thickness. In addition, the thicker the walls in the garage basement, the easier it will be to insulate it. Typically, stone or brick is used to construct basement walls. Red brick is more preferable. However, if the groundwater level is high or your region has a humid climate, it is better to use monolithic reinforced concrete for wall construction.

The floor in the cellar requires high-quality waterproofing, since it is through it that leaks greatest number moisture. The best option for the base is a cushion of crushed stone about 10-15 cm thick with bitumen impregnation. Garage walls can also be insulated using bitumen, best in combination with burlap. Making such insulation is very simple: the burlap is impregnated with bitumen, and then glued to the walls of the cellar. The walls of the garage basement must be vitriolized and covered with lime whitewash. It is recommended to use this particular mixture for whitewashing, as it absorbs moisture well.

It can be made as an integral part of a general ventilation system or separately. High-quality and proper ventilation will prevent the appearance of fungus. Usually for this purpose, basement walls are created ventilation windows and other ventilation devices.

Wiring in the basement of the garage is carried out by analogy with the arrangement of the rest of the power supply. If you have never worked with wiring before, it is best to have it done by a professional electrician. By virtue of high humidity In the basement, special attention must be paid to insulating contacts.

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Construction of a basement under the garage: step-by-step instructions

As already mentioned, it is best to do it simultaneously with the construction of the garage. In this case, construction begins with marking the base, and at the same time marking the place for the inspection hole. However, in cases where a garage is purchased ready-made and without a cellar, you have to make it yourself.

First of all, prepare the tools that you may need for the job:

• hammer;
• nails;
• boards;
• metal tank;
• wooden box;
• metal rods and holders;
• polyethylene film;
• sawdust;
• mineral wool;
• gravel;
• table;
• cement mixture;
• fine mesh;
• entrenching tool;
• level;
• roulette;
• sand;
• water.

Before starting construction work on arranging a cellar, you need to take into account a number of important nuances, such as:

• the length of the inspection hole (usually it is made 0.5 m longer than the car);
• depth - determined individually (depending on the height of the owner);
• width - 700 mm plus the thickness of the pit walls.

In the walls of the pit, it is necessary to provide for the creation of auxiliary niches for placing tools, devices and other needs.

The opportunity under your garage needs to be assessed. This depends most on where it is located. The main obstacle that can nullify all plans is high level groundwater. , built in such a place, will be flooded in the spring. Check to see if there are utility lines running under your garage. If it is located within the city, this is quite possible. If the listed obstacles are absent, you can begin to build a basement.

Dig a pit. Its dimensions should exceed the dimensions of the future basement by 50 cm on each side. Additional space is necessary for the convenience of concreting and waterproofing work. It is not recommended to expand the hole too much - this will increase the amount of work and complicate filling the sinuses.

The bottom of the dug pit is cleared of any remaining soil and compacted well. A layer of crushed stone, gravel or coarse sand is poured onto the bottom. The thickness of the backfill should be approximately 10 cm. The poured layer is compacted and impregnated with hot bitumen. After the bitumen has hardened, it is necessary to cover the bottom with waterproof materials, for example, plastic film.

The basement floor is created on the prepared base. Monolithic concrete with a thickness of about 30 cm is best suited for this. The walls are made of brick or concrete reinforced with steel rods. Waterproofing the cellar is carried out by coating it with a layer of about 10 cm of crumpled clay. Another available option is to apply an inexpensive waterproofing coating (roofing felt works well). The space between the walls of the pit and the walls of the basement is filled with soil, which is carefully compacted.

The inner surface of the walls is plastered with cement mortar and smoothed with a metal trowel. The thickness of the plaster layer is approximately 1 cm.

The garage basement ceiling is made from reinforced concrete slabs. In one of the slabs it is necessary to hollow out a hole measuring 80x80 cm. Instead, you can simply leave a hole of the appropriate size between the slabs, covering it with brick.

Make the entrance to the basement directly from the garage itself or from an extension to it. The manhole door is made double - this way there will be an air gap between the doors.

This type of cellar does not take up much space on the site (and even saves it); you can go down into it even in winter when there are snowdrifts around (a regular cellar would still have to be dug out). Also, such a cellar does not need to be insulated.

When building this cellar, you need to follow two main rules:

• Must be completely waterproof;
• Good ventilation.

It is better to install the basement simultaneously with the construction of the garage itself. Since in this case it will be more convenient to choose a laying option, install ventilation and waterproofing.

If at the time of installing the basement, the garage has been built for a long time, then this will be somewhat more difficult.

How to make a basement under a garage

Before building a garage, you must first study the soil and its capabilities (more precisely, find out how deep the groundwater is) and whether it is possible to make a hole of about 300-350 cm.

If you are planning to build a garage instead of a cellar, then it is better to use a strip foundation (in this case, part of the walls will replace the foundation itself).

In general, the basement pit itself is usually made from 150 to 300 centimeters deep.

If your area has a high groundwater level, then the basement should be made from monolithic concrete, which has high density and resistance to water.

How to dig a hole in a garage for a basement

First of all, you need to work on the pit (before that it is better to decide how the pit will be used, as a cellar for conservation or as an inspection pit for a car).

The dimensions also depend on the purpose of the pit; if the pit for the basement is most often the same size as the garage itself, then the inspection pit should have clear dimensions.

For example, for an inspection hole, the length should be the length of the car itself + 100 cm, width - should accommodate the wheelbase of the car (although if you don’t know what kind of car you will buy yet) - then you can take a standard width - from 750 to 800 mm.

The depth of the pit is the height of the garage owner + 100-150 mm. It’s better to make the hole deeper than to stand bent over later.

When we have a foundation pit ready according to your dimensions, we need to start concreting it.

But first, the bottom of the pit is thoroughly compacted (you can use a special machine) and a layer of gravel 100 mm thick is covered. Sand is poured on top of the gravel (50 mm layer).

If your soil is moist enough, we also lay clay on top of the sand (it will serve as additional waterproofing).

A polyethylene film is laid on top of the clay (or sand).

Only after this can you start pouring concrete (and don’t forget to reinforce it).

Foundation for a garage with a basement

At the stage preparatory work we calculate the foundation parameters, purchase necessary materials(and perhaps we buy or rent equipment).

The height of the basement is usually made from 170 to 180 cm.

After completing all the calculations, you need to make markings for the foundation.

In fact, markings are needed for proper earthworks.

Using markings you can detect some errors that were made during calculations

Usually markings are made using pegs to which a rope is secured.

How to make a foundation with a basement: making formwork.

Now let's move on to the formwork; for formwork they often take boards (2.5 cm thick). To reduce the absorption of the boards themselves, they are planed from the side of the foundation and soaked a little in water.

After the boards are prepared, shields are made from them and installed in the trenches (fixation occurs due to spacers and slopes).

After this, you need to do the reinforcement; take rods 8-12 mm thick, which are welded together. It is better to install rods that are installed vertically after 50 cm.

After the reinforcement frame is ready and installed inside the formwork, we pour the cement.

We take cement M400 and higher (cement, crushed stone, water 1:4:1) and pour it into the trench. After pouring the foundation (14-20 days), the formwork is removed.

DIY basement under the garage

The garage is a very convenient place to store almost unnecessary things. There is practically no space in the apartment for this, so many people use the garage. And it is worth noting that the number of things that may one day be useful goes beyond all limits. There are so many of them in the garage that even the car has difficulty driving. There is a way out, along with an inspection hole, which is simply necessary in a garage, to build a basement. This is not at all difficult to do, but step-by-step instruction will help you do it right.

Step #1. Geology Study

First of all, before building a basement, you should familiarize yourself with the soil characteristics and groundwater level. This will help determine the feasibility of equipping a basement and the cost of this work. If the soil is rocky or the groundwater level is quite high, then the costs of its construction will increase exponentially. In these cases, you cannot do without special equipment and the help of specialists.

When building a basement inside an existing garage, all the geological features are already known; they were thoroughly studied when building a house for a car. If construction is being carried out for the first time, then you need to pay attention to all the nuances.

Step #2. Determining the size of the future basement.

It should be noted here that if the garage is just being built, then it is quite advisable to make a foundation pit according to its size, then the basement walls will simultaneously serve as the foundation. If the garage already exists and does not have a basement, the size of the basement will be a little more modest. You will need to retreat from the walls of the building approximately

The minimum height of the structure must correspond to the height of the owner plus a margin of 150 - 200 mm, so that a person can move around the basement freely.

Step #3. Sketches of the future basement

Before starting construction, you should sketch out a drawing of the future storage facility with actual dimensions. This is to let you choose the best way laying the foundation, think about high-quality execution waterproofing works and arrangement of the ventilation system, make a room layout and calculate the actual quantity building materials necessary for its construction.

Step #4. Excavation

Construction advantage basement in open areas is that work can be automated as much as possible. Excavation work should be carried out using an excavator. In the garage, excavation work will have to be done manually, followed by transportation of excess soil outside the garage.

If the groundwater is located above the level of the basement floor, care must be taken to lower the height of the groundwater during construction work, to ensure the tightness of the basement and its careful subsequent waterproofing.

Step #5. Basement floor installation

The depth for the basement storage should be 300-350 mm deeper than the future floor level. First you need to arrange the base of the floor. To do this, you need to fill the bottom of the pit with fine crushed stone and compact it thoroughly. Next, fill the so-called cushion with hot bitumen.

After it hardens, a reinforcing mesh is made and filled with heavy concrete. The thickness of the floor must be at least 200 mm.

Step #6. Walling

The material for the walls in the basement depends on the characteristics of the soil. If the basement is being built in dry soil, then solid red brick is perfect for the walls. You can use cinder blocks, but to avoid their interaction with moisture, which causes harmful consequences, it is better to cover the outside of the walls with waterproofing materials.

In wet soil, reinforced concrete is used. The ideal material would be foundation blocks.

However, their use is only possible if there is a free entrance and a lifting mechanism; otherwise, monolithic walls can be made by pouring concrete into the prepared formwork.

It is made of wood. The boards are fastened with nails, see photo. Next, the reinforcement structure is installed. It should be noted that the height of each layer of poured concrete should be no more than 400 mm.

After pouring the first layer, formwork is installed for the next one with the same dimensions.

Step #7. Ceiling device

When covering a basement, you need to remember that its ceiling serves as the floor of the garage, so it must be strong and reliable, capable of supporting the weight of the car. In a garage under construction, the basement can be covered with ready-made factory slabs; in an existing one, it is advisable to fill in a monolithic ceiling. To do this, it is necessary to install formwork, manufacture and install reinforced mesh and fill it with heavy concrete. The thickness of the slab must be at least 200 mm.

Step No. 8. Waterproofing works

Waterproofing a basement is quite a responsible undertaking. If you neglect this work, the result will be a room unsuitable for storing anything. If the basement is located in dry and dense soils, then a complex system no waterproofing needed.

It is enough to apply a layer of hot bitumen mastic to the walls and floor.

A waterproofing system in wet soils requires a more serious approach. The most reliable is external waterproofing. You can arrange it by using rolled materials or coating polymer mastics, liquid rubber and liquid glass.

The outer surface of the walls is plastered to level the surface with a waterproofing compound, preferably with reinforcement. As a plaster composition, it is better to use solutions from well-known companies Ceresit, IVSIL, Xypex Cemical Corporation, BASF, Saint-Gobain WEBER-VETONIT, Bastion, Irmast-Holding, Penetron-Russia.

After this, a layer of waterproofing is applied (roofing felt, polymer membranes, bitumen-containing mastics or other coating agents intended for waterproofing foundations).

Subsequently, the basement wall is plastered again.

The bottom of the trench is filled with sand and compacted, then it is necessary to secure the geotextile sheet, covering the bottom of the trench and its back wall. Afterwards, you need to fill in coarse crushed stone and install a polyvinyl chloride pipe, which acts as drainage. Groundwater is discharged into a specially prepared waste well.

A layer of crushed stone of 100-150 mm is laid on top of the pipe and covered with a geotextile sheet.

Near concrete wall you need to lay a layer of clay, it will serve as a hydraulic lock, and fill the trench with sand and compact it so that the soil does not shrink.

If for some reason it is not possible to carry out external waterproofing, it must be done from the inside.

Step No. 9. Ventilation

An equally important undertaking is the installation of air exchange in the basement. You can take the simple route and organize natural ventilation in the basement. This is not difficult to do, but natural air exchange does not give the desired effect, although it has the right to life.

A more reliable option is forced ventilation. This type of air exchange can be accomplished by simply adding an electric fan to the natural ventilation exhaust duct. This will allow you to maintain the basement normal temperature and humidity, regardless of the time of year or adverse weather.

Installation of ventilation ducts is carried out as follows:

The supply channel is located at a height of 150-200 mm from the floor level, its return end is led out onto the street, to a height of 200-300 mm. The exhaust duct must be placed as close as possible to the ceiling and brought out half a meter above the level of the garage roof.

As mentioned above, an electric fan is installed in the exhaust air duct. To prevent the formation of condensation due to differences temperature conditions the outer part of the ventilation ducts must be insulated.

To prevent precipitation from getting inside the duct, it is recommended to install a fungus on its head,

and for protection against rodents there are safety metal mesh.

Step #10. Staircase device

When building a basement along with a garage, you can use a ready-made reinforced concrete flight of stairs; if everything takes place in an existing garage, then it is better to make it yourself from scrap materials.

The switch must be located in the garage,

and the lamp must be waterproof.

Step #12. Finishing work

The basement walls must be plastered with a water-repellent cement mixture such as Ceresit, Sm-11, Osovit Startwell, having previously secured a thin metal mesh dowels. After the surface has dried, you can whitewash it with lime, which has protective and disinfectant properties, or paint it with acrylic and silicate paints containing antiseptic additives, having previously treated the surface with a deep penetration primer.

Basement project under the garage photo and video

Do-it-yourself dry basement, cellar and pit in the garage on video

Today we will talk about this required premises like a basement in a garage. For what purposes it can be used, everyone decides for themselves, and we will outline the main points and nuances of its construction. Having understood the information received, you will understand what the masters do. In addition, you will be able to ask intelligent questions regarding the design of the basement and the technology of its construction.

basement in garage t70215-01

Cellar in the garage

Step-by-step instructions for building a cellar

It is necessary to indicate that a cellar in a garage is a full-fledged building with a floor, walls and ceiling. It can be erected at the stage of construction of the garage or in an already used premises. Depending on the situation, the construction technology will be different.

The structure was filed in a garage under construction

This is an economical option because the garage foundation will serve as the walls of the cellar. Therefore, first of all, markings for the garage building are applied on the site. Pegs are driven into the corners of the building and tied with twine. Here we must take into account the fact that external sides the foundation structure must be waterproofed. Therefore, the pit is dug 1 m more from the length and width of the garage. For example, if the building parameters are 3x6 m, then the pit should be 4x7 m in size. That is, half a meter remains on each side, which is enough to carry out waterproofing work.

The next stage is excavation work. In this case, you can use heavy equipment in the form of an excavator. The absence of walls in the building allows this to be done. The main thing after the work of the equipment is to work on the bottom and walls of the pit with shovels. This is what workers should do. The bottom is leveled horizontally as much as possible, the walls vertically.

Pit for the basement

A few words about the depth of the basement. Everything will depend on the depth of groundwater at the construction site. It is not recommended to go lower. If the groundwater depth is high, then complex waterproofing will have to be carried out. And this is a big financial investment. The second option is to raise the floor base and make the entrance to the garage on a slope.

Basement bottom

A cushion of a layer of sand 30 cm thick and a layer of crushed stone 10-15 cm thick is poured onto the bottom.

Roofing felt is laid in two layers. Each layer in perpendicular directions. For example, the lower one along the building, the upper one across. The layers of roofing material are impregnated with each other with bitumen mastic or hot bitumen.

Concrete screed is poured.

We need to tell you a little more about the screed. Pure concrete is not used here. It will crack under stress. Therefore, a reinforcing frame made of steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm is placed inside the screed. The reinforcing bars are assembled directly on the roofing felt in the form of a lattice with cells of 20x20 cm. They are tied together with knitting wire. The grate is then lifted and placed on supports made of brick or metal profile(corner, pipes, etc.). According to technology, the reinforced frame should be inside concrete base basement

Poured concrete mortar. Its thickness is within 10-20 cm.

Preparing the cellar floor for pouring screed

On our website you can get acquainted with the most - from construction companies, presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.

Foundation construction

The next stage is the construction of the foundation. Now everything will depend on what it is assembled from. The easiest way is to use a prefabricated structure made from foundation blocks, concrete wall blocks or bricks. Monolithic structures are stronger, but their construction is expensive. In addition, it will take a lot of time, and this option is more difficult in terms of labor costs. Because to pour a concrete solution, you need to build a formwork, install a reinforced frame in it, pour concrete inside, and then wait 28 days for the solution to gain its original strength.

As for piece blocks or bricks, the main task of the work manufacturer is laying with a sling, when the elements of the top row are laid with an offset of half a block relative to the elements of the first row.

Concrete block foundation

Floor construction

As soon as the foundation is raised to the height of the cellar, you need to think about how the ceiling will be constructed. The simplest option is to lay six-hollow slabs. By the way, in standard projects For a garage with a basement, this option is used. Therefore, there is no need to invent a new bicycle design. Use slabs. However, to install them you will have to use the services of a crane, which will increase the cost of the structure. But ready-made floor slabs are quick and reliable way. Moreover, manufacturers offer products with a minimum length of 3 m. So, choosing the required model that will fit exactly on the foundation walls is not difficult.

Six-hollow slabs as a garage basement floor

A more complex option - monolithic slab. The technology of its construction is similar to the construction of a monolithic strip foundation. Formwork is assembled under the slab. Essentially, these are durable sheet materials (corrugated sheeting, plywood, OSB boards, sheet iron etc.), which are laid with their edges on the foundation walls, and supports with lags (transverse or longitudinal) are evenly installed under them. After that, a box is assembled from the boards, which will form the thickness of the fill. Its dimensions are equal to the dimensions of the foundation.

The box is installed on the constructed base.

A reinforcing frame made of reinforcement is placed inside on supports.

Pour concrete solution to the level of the box.

After 7 days the box is dismantled, after 28 days the floor can be used.

Monolithically cast floor slab

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Please note that when constructing a floor, care must be taken to leave an opening for descent into the basement. When pouring a monolithic structure inside the box, another rectangular box of smaller dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the opening is placed in the required place. Its interior is not filled with concrete. After removing the formwork, an opening is cut out in the laid sheet materials, the ends of which are subsequently secured, for example, with a bandage made from a metal corner.

When using ready-made floor slabs, one of them is not installed at the location of the opening to the basement. Here a monolithic structure is poured with the installation of formwork and the formation of an opening.

Video description

Stages of building a basement in a garage in the video:

External foundation waterproofing

This is the easiest stage. The foundation walls are treated with bitumen mastic or hot bitumen. The main thing is not to miss more than one section. The treatment is carried out evenly, preferably in two layers. After the waterproofing has dried, the ditch between the foundation and the ground is filled up.

External waterproofing

Construction of a basement in a used garage

The complexity of this technology lies in the fact that the foundation of the garage is laid at a shallow depth, since the building belongs to the “light” category. Therefore, you need to dig a foundation pit for the basement carefully so that the foundation walls do not collapse and the garage itself does not collapse.

If the soil under the garage is clayey, then you can safely dig a pit, retreating 30-50 cm from the walls. If the soil is sandy, then the digging technology will be completely different.

Along the far short wall, stepping back half a meter, they dig a trench with shovels to the depth of the cellar. The width of the trench is 0.5 m.

Fill the pillow and fill the screed.

Raise the basement wall from concrete blocks or bricks.

Dig a trench near the long longitudinal wall of the garage.

They fill in the pillow, fill in the screed and raise the wall.

They do the same with the opposite wall.

The last thing is the construction of the wall closest to the entrance.

The soil remaining inside the basement walls is removed.

All that remains is to level the bottom of the pit by pouring a pillow into it and filling it with screed.

Construction of a cellar in a built garage

Basement waterproofing

IN in this case internal waterproofing is used. First of all, two layers of roofing material are laid on the floor, extending onto the walls to a height of 20-30 cm. The layers are laid mutually perpendicular. You can use polymer mastic, which is applied seamlessly. The main task is to close the joints between the walls of the cellar and the floor base, because these are the weakest points in terms of moisture penetration.

As for waterproofing basement walls, roofing felt laid on bitumen mastic is most often used for this. Polymer compounds are used today. The old way garage basement finishing - lime plaster, brick.

Ceiling filed

In this embodiment, the organization of the basement uses technology monolithic filling ceilings It was described above, so it will not be repeated. Let’s just add that the ceiling is poured from wall to wall of the garage foundation. Accordingly, the reinforcing frame is assembled precisely to these dimensions.

Ventilation of the basement in the garage

Like any basement, the garage must be dry. This means that a ventilation system must be provided in it. The basic principle of operation of this system is the intake of fresh air from outside and the removal of established air to the outside. Therefore, it is necessary to install two pipe connections during the construction of the cellar. One near the entrance, the second on the opposite side.

Video description

Construction of ventilation in a garage basement in the video:

The first, since it is located closer to the exit to the street, will serve as a supply circuit from the outside. The pipe should stick out 5 cm above the floor in the garage and go down to the floor in the basement, not reaching it 5 cm.

The second will serve to remove air from the basement. Therefore, he is taken out through the garage room and the roof. In this case, the lower end of the ventilation pipe should be located under the ceiling of the cellar (5 cm below its surface).

It turns out that the air from outside will enter the basement near its floor, and then move diagonally across the room to the exhaust pipe. In this way, the entire volume of the air mass is covered.

Scheme of cellar ventilation in a garage

Ready-made basement structures

All of the above work is complex and costs a lot of money. Today you can purchase a ready-made plastic cellar for your garage. It is made from polyethylene low pressure or polypropylene. Production method: welding of individual elements or molding of finished cellars.

The advantages of plastic structures are obvious:

complete tightness, which guarantees protection of the internal space from the penetration of moisture or groundwater;

wide the lineup allows you to choose the size of your garage;

ease of installation - it takes one day along with digging a pit;

the lightness of the design does not require the presence of heavy equipment at the construction site;

high strength of the structure;

Fully equipped in terms of hatch and ventilation;

reasonable price, for example, a plastic cellar made by welding, measuring 1.6x1.6x2.4 m costs 100,000 rubles.

Basement with inspection hole

An inspection hole in a garage is a more necessary object than a basement. Therefore, many owners try to give preference to the pit. But there are projects for garages with basements and inspection pits. If you approach certain issues correctly, you can get both in the garage.

Pay attention to the photo below. Here you can clearly see how both elements can be combined in one garage. This best option, where the entrance to the cellar is formed from a viewing hole. But first of all, you need to decide on the size of the basement. The same photo shows that the cellar occupies an area closer to the far wall of the garage building.

As for construction, in this case the same technologies described above are used. Only the ceiling is filled with a monolith.

Inspection pit and basement in the garage

Conclusion on the topic

A variety of technologies for constructing a basement in a garage makes it possible to choose an acceptable option. But you shouldn’t cheapen the project. And even more so, avoid some technological nuances. Particular attention to waterproofing, because poorly done work is a guarantee that water will appear in the basement. Do you want to receive high quality at an affordable price - choose a plastic cellar.