Popular for landscaping, marigolds, or blackbrews, are easy to grow and care for, exude an attractive aroma and bloom all summer. In Ukraine, marigolds have even become a national symbol, although the plant is originally from America.

When choosing between annual or perennial marigolds, determine your growing purpose. Landing on summer season To improve a garden or terrace, it does not require care all year round, but perennial marigolds adapt well and every year they develop better and bloom more luxuriantly. You can work with perennial flowers of this variety for a long time, forming interesting compositions.

Marigolds have more than fifty species, which also influence whether they are planted as perennials or annuals. Perennial marigolds invade new territories using wind-driven seed dispersal. Reproduction of annual marigolds occurs by digging and dividing the bush. Perennial marigolds were cultivated as low-growing plants. These include the following varieties: Carmen, Bonaza and orange marigolds.

Annual marigolds have long become hybrid varieties. This contributed to their rapid development, active flowering, no matter what conditions they find themselves in and how late/early in the season they were planted. They continue to experiment with annual marigolds, so every year more interesting and bright plants. Popular annuals include: Petite Orange, Gem Red, Mandarin, Antigua, Tiger's Eye and Kilimanjaro. By the way, all of the varieties listed are low-growing marigolds and are convenient to plant in hanging pots, terraces or on window sills in small pots.

Annual marigolds can also grow tall. They are grown in greenhouses and flower beds and used to create intricate compositions. Tall varieties of marigolds are also used to decorate a flowerbed or fence. These include the following interesting varieties, like Demon Queen (up to 120 cm in height), Glitters (up to one meter), Smiles (95 cm), Hawaii (80 cm), Mary Helen (from 80-90 cm). Tall marigolds are distinguished by the duration of their flowering and unusual color. The varieties listed above have inflorescences of lemon, variegated orange and red colors, as well as double, clove or chrysanthemum-shaped petals. The end of flowering occurs approximately in November, and if the winter is dry and warm, it may be somewhat delayed. To prolong it, try in every possible way to protect the marigolds from hypothermia.

One of the secrets of growing marigolds (you can learn about the rest from the article on planting and propagation) in order to achieve seedlings in the shortest possible time is that you cannot plant the seeds of the plant far from each other - the optimal distance is up to two centimeters, and there should be no water in the soil stagnate. Excess moisture can be removed using a drainage layer at the bottom of the pots or a common propagation box (growing in it requires further picking of seedlings). If these conditions are met, you can achieve seedlings twice as fast as usual.

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Marigolds (lat. Tagetes) are flowers that are distinguished by many types and varieties, among them there are both annual and perennial varieties. Marigolds, or marigolds, belong to the class Dicotyledonous, superorder Asteranae, order Asteraceae, family Asteraceae, subfamily Asteraceae, tribe Marigold, genus Marigold.

International scientific name: Tagetes ( Linnaeus).

Although in Europe this amazing flower was introduced back in the 16th century, it received its scientific name only in the middle of the 17th century, when the naturalist Carl Linnaeus created a classification of species. The scientist, struck by the beauty of the plant, named it in honor of the beautiful Etruscan demigod Tages, who is the grandson of the supreme god Jupiter.

The flowers received the Russian name “marigolds” because of their petals, the surface of which resembles velvet. This feature is most pronounced in dark-colored varieties.

The British call this plant “marigold”, which means “Mary’s gold”, the inhabitants of Germany know it as “Studentenblume” - student’s flower, and in Ukraine these beautiful flowers are called “chornobrivtsi”, or Chernobrivtsi. For the people of China, these flowers are a symbol of health and longevity; it is not for nothing that they are called “flowers of a thousand years.”

Barharians - description, structure, characteristics. What do marigolds look like?

Marigolds have a developed fibrous root system and strong, strong, erect stems. Depending on the species or varietal, the bushes can be either compact or spreading, with a height of 20 cm to 2 meters.

Marigold leaves, painted in all shades of green, can be pinnately dissected, pinnately divided, or even whole with edges cut by denticles. On the stem, the leaves can be arranged in a regular order or opposite each other (opposite).

Marigold inflorescences are formed from tubular and reed flowers, whose wide corollas are located horizontally. Depending on the shape and number of petals, marigolds are:

1. Simple (non-double) - inflorescences that have from 1 to 3 rows of reed petals;
2. Semi-double - inflorescences with no more than 50% reed petals;
3. Terry - flowers with more than 50% reed or tubular petals. Terry marigolds, in turn, are divided according to the shape of the inflorescences into:
   • Anemone-shaped (reed petals are located at the edges of the inflorescence, and tubular in the center);
   • Dianthus, or carnation-shaped (only reed petals are present in the inflorescence);
   • Chrysanthemum-shaped(only tubular petals are present in the inflorescence).

The color of marigold petals can be:

• yellow,
• reddish brown
• orange,
• white,
• citric,
• motley.

The inflorescences themselves have a rather sharp and specific aroma, which vaguely resembles the smell of asters. The flowering period of marigolds begins in June and lasts until the onset of frost. After its completion, a strongly flattened fruit of black-brown or black color forms and ripens. Each seed pod contains many seeds that remain viable for 3-4 years. There are usually from 270 to 700 seeds in 1 gram.

Types and varieties of marigolds, photos and names.

According to the database www.theplantlist.org, there are currently 53 species of annual or perennial marigolds, of which only 3 species (erect, deflected and slender-leaved) are the best known. Based on them, breeders have developed a huge number of series and varieties. Below is a description of several varieties of marigolds.

Erect marigolds (African) (lat. Tagetes erecta).

This species includes annual plants with a fibrous root system. The compact or spreading bushes formed by these marigolds have a height of 0.4 to 1.2 meters and an inverse pyramidal shape. The main shoot is clearly defined, the side shoots look upward. The color of unpaired pinnately dissected leaves with denticles along the edges varies from light green to dark green, and they are located on the stem in a regular order. Large single-color, less often bicolor, inflorescences of marigolds of this species can be simple, semi-double or double. The diameter of the inflorescences varies from 5 to 13 centimeters. The flowering period begins in late June or early July and ends with the first frost. Erect marigolds are suitable for flower beds, ridges, vases, balconies, and cutting. The birthplace of erect marigolds is Southern Mexico.

Series and varieties of erect marigolds: Albatross, Alaska, Antigua, Velvet Season, White Moon, Snow White, Glitter, Vanilla, Hawaii, Gelber Stein, Glitters, Golden Fluffy, Hussars, Discovery, Dune, Uncle Styopa, Yellow Stone, Golden Dollar, Golden light, Golden Prince, Golden Age, Golden Domes, Inca, Kilimanjaro, Cosmonaut, Crash, Crackerjack, Cupid, Lady, Lemon Queen, Lemon Pie, Lemon Prize, Lemon Miracle, Maximix, Marvel, Mary Helen, Beach Season, Prima Gold, Spoon, Solar Giants, Taishan, Titan, Trulli, Smile, Fantasy, Firecracker, Popsicle, Amber Lace.

Rejected marigolds (lat. Tagetes patula).

Synonyms: French marigolds or small-flowered marigolds. This species is formed by perennial plants with numerous erect and highly branched stems, the height of which ranges from 15 to 60 centimeters. Side shoots rejected. Pinnately dissected dark green leaves of small size with serrated edges are formed from several lobes of a linear-lanceolate shape. On the stems, the leaves are arranged in both alternate and opposite order. Single and also collected in corymbose inflorescences, the baskets of these marigolds grow up to 4-6 centimeters in diameter. The shape of the inflorescences can be simple, semi-double or double. In addition to marigolds with a single color, many bicolor varieties have been bred. The most intense flowering is observed during July and August. They begin to bloom in early June. The rejected marigolds are native to the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of rejected marigolds: Alumia, Bonanza, Brocade Yellow, Gabi, Harmony, Hero, Gullebrand, Jolly Jester, Disco, Durango, Carmen, Red Cherry, Cross, Boy, Bolero, Capricious (Naughty) Marietta, Little Hero, Mandarin, Mercedes, Monetta, Orange Flame, Guy, Pascal, Petite Harmony, Petite Gold, Prosperity, Rusty Red, Safari, Striptease, Tiger Eyes, Fireball, Chica, Naughty Marietta.

Variety Capricious Marietta.

Narrow-leaved marigolds (thin-leaved, Mexican) (lat. Tagetes tenuifolia).

From these annual plants, low, densely branched, compact marigold bushes are formed, the height of which can be from 20 to 50 cm. Straight, bare shoots are light-colored. green color. Light green small leaves of a pinnately dissected shape, which are arranged in an alternate order on the shoots, formed by narrow lobes with sparse denticles. Abundantly flowering corymbose inflorescences are collected from simple five-petal baskets, the diameter of which ranges from 15 to 30 mm. The color of the inflorescences is one-color or two-color. Thanks to the highly branched stems, the entire plant has the appearance of an almost perfect ball. This type of marigold begins to bloom in early June and ends flowering with the first frost, when the temperature drops to 1-2°C. Narrow-leaved marigolds are used for flower beds, borders, borders, vases and arrays. The homeland of narrow-leaved marigolds is the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of thin-leaved marigolds: Gnome, Golden Jam, Golden Ring, Golden Gem, Star Shine, Star Shine, Karina, Red Gem, Lulu, Mimimix, Fire Stars, Ornament, Paprika, Starshine, Starfire, Ursula.

Variety Ornament.

Tangerine Jam variety.

Variety Lemon Jewel

Other names for this species: Mexican tarragon, Spanish tarragon, sweet marigold. This is a perennial erect plant with bushes ranging from 40 to 80 centimeters in height. Narrow green leaves about 7.5 centimeters long resemble the shape of natural tarragon leaves. Plain golden marigold flowers of simple shape do not exceed 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Radiant marigolds bloom from early June to late September. The leaves of this plant are collected and used fresh or dried as a tarragon substitute, and the dried flowers are used to make an excellent food coloring.

An ornamental, rather powerful plant, 90-120 cm high, with reddish shoots and dark green leaves. The species grows in Texas and is found in Mexico. Marigolds have a very pleasant aroma of citrus fruits with a light fruity-musky note. The flowers of this marigold species are often used as a savory addition to fish and meat delicacies or as a flavorful accent in baked goods.

The second name is lemon marigold. In the wild, these perennial marigolds, discovered in the late 19th century, grow in mountainous regions of the United States (in the canyons of southern Arizona) and northern Mexico. Marigold bushes reach a height of 120 cm, the leaves of the plant have a length of 5 to 15 cm, the diameter of the numerous yellow flowers is approximately 5 cm. The plant exudes an aroma reminiscent of the amber of citrus and mint with a subtle note of camphor. Sometimes the smell of this plant is compared to the smell of tangerines. Marigolds attract many butterflies, which constantly circle over the flowers.

A plant with a bush height of 8 to 50 cm. In the wild, this species grows in the steppes, on rock slopes, in pine and oak forests, and feels at ease in corn fields, growing there as a weed. Found throughout a vast area from Mexico to Costa Rica. The bush has a pronounced anise aroma, the plant is quite unpretentious to soil quality and easily tolerates drought.

A type of marigold, with a bush height from 50 to 180-200 cm. The length of the very fragrant dark green leaves varies from 5 to 20 cm, the diameter of rather small flowers does not exceed 15-25 mm. The leaves have deeply dissected edges and are located opposite on the stem. Small marigolds grow in the USA and Mexico, Brazil, southern European countries (France, Spain, Italy, Romania), southern Africa, China and Japan, India and Libya, Thailand and Turkey, Australia and New Zealand.

Classification of marigolds by bush height.

In floriculture, a classification is used in which the division is based on the height of the plant, the shape of the inflorescences and their color.

According to the height of the bush they are distinguished:

• Giant marigolds (90-120 cm);
• Tall (tall) marigolds (60-90 cm);
• Medium-sized marigolds (45-60 cm);
• Low-growing (low) marigolds (25-45 cm);
• Dwarf marigolds (up to 20 cm).

Giant marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

These include plants that reach a height of 90 cm to 120 cm. Most often, giant marigolds are found among upright plants. The most famous varieties of giant marigolds:

• "Gold Dollar"– an early annual hybrid variety without the characteristic aroma of marigolds. The variety belongs to the upright marigolds. The bushes are dense, the shoots are strong and thick, 0.9-1.2 m high, with rather large light green leaves. From the first ten days of June until the appearance of frost, they are decorated with terry baskets of medium-sized inflorescences, with a diameter of 7 to 8 cm. The inflorescences, reminiscent of a carnation in their shape, consist of red and orange-red petals.

• "Lemon Queen" - beautiful lemon marigolds with fairly tall (up to 120 cm) bushes. The inflorescences are light yellow or golden in color, up to 9-10 cm in diameter. Blooms profusely in July-August.

• “Orange” - marigold bushes of this variety reach 1 meter in height. Large (up to 15-17 cm in diameter) orange terry-type inflorescences delight the eye from June until the first frost, ideal for cutting - they stand in water for 2 weeks.

Tall (tall) marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

The height of the bushes ranges from 60 cm to 90 cm.

• "Yellow Stone" (Gelber Stein)– an annual variety, forms bushes about 70-80 cm high. The plant has beautiful, densely double inflorescences of a rich yellow color. The diameter of marigolds is up to 15 cm. The plant begins to bloom in early June.

• "Frills" - bushes of this late variety Marigolds grow up to 80 cm in height and up to 8 cm in diameter. In the last ten days of July or at the very beginning of August, large, double, clove-shaped inflorescences-baskets appear on them, which consist of reed petals in rich shades of orange and golden color. Flowering from late July until the first frost.
• "Lemon Prince" (Zitronen prinz)– an erect plant forms tall (65-80 cm), standard-shaped and rather dense bushes. A pinkish bloom is visible on the dark green shoots of this variety. The double clove-shaped inflorescences of marigolds are quite large - 8-10 cm in diameter. When they open completely, they look like lemon-yellow balls. Marigolds of this variety bloom from June-July to September.

• "Hawaii" (Hawaii) - erect annual plants are compact bushes that grow up to 90 cm in height. From mid-summer (July) to mid-autumn, large double clove-shaped inflorescences in the form of hemispheres open on strong light green peduncles orange color with a diameter of 10 to 12 cm.

Medium-sized marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

The height of plants included in this group ranges from 45 to 60 cm.

• Among the white erect marigolds of medium height, perhaps one of the most beautiful is the variety "Kilimanjaro" This annual hybrid plant forms weakly branched bushes from 40 to 50-60 cm in height, with a clearly defined main shoot. The attractiveness of the variety is explained by large, densely double inflorescences 7-10 cm in diameter, resembling balls in shape with an unusual vanilla-white color. Abundant flowering begins in June and lasts until frost.

• Thin-leaved marigolds of this group are represented by numerous varieties, among which “Golden Ring”, or "Golden Ring" Despite the thin, densely branched shoots with narrowly dissected leaves, the spherical bushes of these marigolds are quite compact and reach a height of 40-50 cm. Small simple inflorescences do not exceed 25-30 mm in diameter. They are composed of small orange tubular petals in the center of the inflorescence and bright yellow, bent downward, reed petals. Flowering lasts from the first days of June and ends with the onset of the first frost.

Low-growing marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

They are represented by varieties whose height ranges from 0.25 to 0.45 m.

• This large group includes the Bonanza series, obtained as a result of selection from rejected marigolds. Annual miniature bushes of this series have a height of no more than 30 cm. Double inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter can be painted in any color, from rich yellow to red-orange. Variety "Bonanza Deep Orange" ( Bonanza Deep Orange) is one of the most beloved among gardeners. This is a beautiful early flowering variety, with compact bushes, the height of which ranges from 0.25 to 0.3 m, and the width does not exceed 20 cm. Double inflorescences with a diameter of 5 to 6 cm are painted in a deep orange color.

• The Discovery series of varieties is bred from erect marigolds. Although small bushes do not exceed a height of 20-25 cm. The inflorescences that cover them abundantly are quite large in size and have a bright, rich color. Many gardeners and flower growers grow marigolds on their plots Discovery Yellow or "Discovery Orange" ( Discovery Orange). These are annual plants with compact bushes. Shoots with numerous pinnately dissected, bluish-green leaves are dotted with large and dense densely double inflorescences of bright yellow or orange color. The diameter of the inflorescences is 8 cm. Flowering of marigolds begins in the first days of June and lasts until the onset of frost.

Dwarf marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

This group consists of plants whose height does not exceed 20 cm. It includes a variety of varieties of deviated, thin-leaved and erect marigolds.

• Among the representatives of rejected marigolds, the most interesting is the “Boy” series, which consists of annual varieties with compact branched bushes from 15 to 20 cm high and about 20 cm wide. The pinnately dissected leaves of marigolds growing on the side shoots are dark green. The diameter of the yellow, orange or bicolor double inflorescences that abundantly cover the bushes ranges from 4 to 6 cm. The most interesting of this series is the marigold variety "Harmony" It is distinguished by its magnificent inflorescences, consisting of central golden-yellow flowers, which are surrounded by brownish-brown reed flowers with a thin golden edge.

• Among the thin-leaved marigolds of the dwarf group, the most widespread is the annual series "Mimimix".

• Varieties of this series form dense, compact, spherical bushes with a height of only about 20-25 cm. The leaves are narrow, pinnately dissected, and dark green in color. The inflorescences are simple, about 20 mm in diameter, colored in various shades and tones of yellow, red or orange. Marigolds begin to bloom in July and finish blooming in the last ten days of September. Among dwarf upright marigolds, the variety is very popular Orange). Its compact bushes reach a height of 15-20 cm. The diameter of the bush reaches 20-25 cm. Distinctive feature These marigolds are dense chrysanthemum-shaped inflorescences of bright orange color.

Types of marigolds according to the shape of the inflorescences, photos and names.

According to the shape of the inflorescences and the number of reed flowers, marigolds are:

• Simple,
• Semi-double,
• Terry,
  • Anemoneaceae,
  • Dianthus,
  • Chrysanthemum-shaped.

Below is a more detailed description of them.

Simple marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

Simple inflorescences consist of a small number of central tubular flowers and one row of ligulate flowers.

• "Lemon Jam" or "Lemon Jam" ( Lemon Jam), is an annual low-growing variety, bred as a result of selection of thin-leaved marigolds and reaching a height of 0.25 m. Small simple inflorescences measuring 3-4 centimeters are painted gold or yellow, and their middle consists of small bright orange tubular flowers .

• A representative of a simple group of thin-leaved marigolds is the Paprika variety.

It is distinguished by dwarf (no more than 20-25 cm), highly branched bushes of spherical shape. The pinnately dissected leaves growing on thin shoots are light green. These are very beautiful marigolds, the period of abundant flowering begins in June and ends at the end of September. Simple flat baskets with a bright yellow center are painted fiery red, and their diameter does not exceed 20-30 mm.

Semi-double marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

• To form semi-double marigolds, at least 2-3 rows of reed flowers are required. This group includes: A full representative of the rejected marigolds of the semi-double group is the variety “Gold Ball”, or"Golden Ball" Its spreading bushes with strong, highly branched shoots and small green leaves can reach a height of 50-60 cm. The inflorescences are simple and semi-double, their diameter is 4-5 cm. The tubular petals of marigolds, which are located in one or two rows in the center of the inflorescence, are colored in a bright yellow color with a golden tint. The reed petals located at the edges are reddish-brown. This early variety

• marigolds: their flowering begins in the first ten days of June. Red Brokad e) is an annual low-growing variety from the Brokade series, bred from rejected marigolds. A strongly branched but compact bush grows only up to 25 cm in height. A semi-double inflorescence of medium size (about 4-5 cm in diameter) consists of slightly corrugated reed flowers, which are colored yellowish and red-brown.

Terry marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

Double marigolds are formed by a large number of flowers, both ligulate and tubular.

• An example of such an inflorescence structure is variety "Eskimo" (Popsicle), which is a hybrid. This is a low-growing plant with a bush height of up to 40 cm. Its inflorescences, reminiscent of balls in shape and the color of vanilla-white ice cream, reach a diameter of 6-10 cm and delight with their beauty, starting from the first ten days of July until the frosts.

• "Aztec Lime Green"– very unusual marigolds of light green color. Densely double inflorescences have a diameter of 10-12 cm. The height of the plant is 45 cm. The variety is resistant to heat.

• “Fantastic” are tall varieties of marigolds that grow up to 0.7 m and delight gardeners with their flowering from the beginning of summer until the first frost. Large inflorescences with a diameter of 8 to 11 cm are composed of narrow tubular flowers. The color of densely double baskets can be golden (Fantastic Gold), yellow (Fantastic Yellow) or orange (Fantastic Orange).

• "Strawberry Blonde"– annual variety. A low-growing plant with bushes up to 25 cm high, 15-20 cm wide and medium-sized inflorescences resembling a carnation in shape. Throughout the flowering period, baskets can change their color, ranging from bright yellow to terracotta tones. In addition, the intensity of color changes is affected by air temperature. At low temperature variations occur slowly, but with high contrast between colors. Increasing the temperature speeds up the process, but the color contrast is significantly reduced.

Anemone-shaped marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

Anemone-like marigolds consist of large tubular flowers located in the center and framed reed flowers arranged in 1, 2 or even 3 rows.

• Marigold varieties belong to this type of inflorescence structure series "Durango" (Durango) (D urango), created from rejected marigolds. These are low annual plants with a bush height of 20-30 cm and inflorescences measuring about 55-60 mm. The series includes varieties of marigolds with golden yellow, red-brown and bright orange colors. The variety that attracts the greatest interest among gardeners is Durango Mix, which attracts attention with its unusual inflorescences, painted in a variety of colors, from yellow and burgundy to variegated.

Carnation-shaped (clove-shaped) marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

Dianthus marigolds consist mainly of ligulate flowers, the petals of which are dissected along the outer edge.

• A typical example of such an inflorescence structure is Marigolds "Carmen". This is an annual plant that forms bushes no more than 0.3 m high, which are abundantly covered with foliage. The petals of the reed flowers are slightly ruffled and red-brown in color, while the tubular central flowers are yellow-orange in color. The size of the marigold inflorescence reaches 50 mm. The flowering period lasts from early summer to early autumn.

• "Black Velvet" (B lack V elvet) - annual marigolds, bred on the basis of small-flowered marigolds. This is a low-growing plant up to 30 cm high with a compact bush, on which small inflorescences with a diameter of up to 6 cm, painted in a dark cherry color and framed by a thin orange border, bloom profusely. Inflorescences are double, carnation-shaped. The flowering of marigolds lasts from the beginning of summer and ends with the onset of frost.

Chrysanthemum-shaped marigolds, varieties, photos and names.

Chrysanthemum-shaped marigolds are formed almost entirely by tubular flowers. Prominent representatives of this group are annual variety series bred from erect marigolds:

• "Taishan" (Taishan) - low-growing flowers about 0.25-0.3 m high. From late spring to early autumn, marigold bushes are covered with fairly large inflorescences consisting of wide tubular flowers. The size of the baskets reaches 70-80 mm in diameter. This series includes varieties with golden (Gold), orange (Orange) and yellow (Yellow) baskets.

• “Vanilla F 1” (Vanilla F 1) is an annual low-growing hybrid with a compact bush, the height of which does not exceed 40 cm, and the width of the bush is approximately 25 cm. Large inflorescences about 7 cm in size, resembling a ball in shape, are painted in a delicate creamy color. White color. Flowering begins in the last ten days of May and ends with cold weather.

Where do marigolds grow?

Today, marigolds are cultivated in almost all countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. In the wild, marigolds grow in Spain and Portugal, France and Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland and Belarus, and throughout Russia. These flowers are also found in India, Pakistan, and China, but the largest growing area is noted in Peru, Chile, Venezuela, Paraguay and other countries of South America, as well as in Mexico. These flowers are quite unpretentious to external conditions, therefore they can easily tolerate periodic lack of watering, poor soils and even weed infestation.

Medicinal properties of marigolds.

Besides beautiful view, which provides aesthetic pleasure, as well as the pleasant aroma inherent in these flowers, marigolds are widely used for cosmetic, medicinal and culinary purposes.

Throughout growing season the plant accumulates in all its parts essential oil, containing several unique components. In terms of the content of some biologically active substances, marigolds are ahead of many medicinal herbs and plants. They contain:

• ocytomene,
• apinene,
• sabinen,
• carotene,
• lutein,
• myrcene,
• citral,
• pigments,
• alkaloids and flavonoids.

Amber-yellow marigold oil has a pleasant aroma, mixed with notes of oriental spices and fruits. Marigold oil has the following medicinal properties:

• antimicrobial,
• antifungal,
• antispasmodic,
• antiseptic,
• sedatives.

Marigold petals contain potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium, copper, gold and zinc, as well as vitamins C, A, E, folic acid and rutin.

Spanish Brocade variety. How to make marigold oil?

To prepare healing oil from marigolds, you should finely chop the green material from the stems, leaves and flowers, and then pour it with olive oil in a ratio of 1:10. After keeping the mixture in a dark place for 10 days, it is placed in a water bath, after which the resulting extract is drained and filtered. The drug should be stored in a cool place, after pouring it into dark glass bottles. Marigold oil is a potent remedy and should be used with caution. It helps lower blood pressure, promotes wound healing and gets rid of skin infections.

Infusion of marigolds and method of its preparation.

Due to the antiseptic properties of this plant, inhalations with its infusions are used for the treatment of viral and bacterial diseases respiratory organs. This procedure can be carried out either using special devices or the old-fashioned way over a kettle. For infusion, 5 buds are enough, which are filled with boiling water (no more than 300 ml).

Marigold decoction and method of preparation.

Pain from arthrosis or other joint pathologies can be reduced by taking marigold decoctions. This aqueous extract is prepared in large volumes and has a lower concentration. A decoction is prepared from dried or fresh inflorescences. It is enough to take about 20-30 of them and leave for an hour. It is advisable to ask your doctor about the frequency and volume of the drug taken.

The use of marigolds in cosmetology.

The aromatic and medicinal properties of marigolds have long been used in cosmetology. Extracts of these flowers are included in the composition of perfumes and nourishing creams of all French perfumers. In addition, many representatives of the fair sex make masks based on decoctions of these flowers or nourishing balms from a mixture of olive and almond oil, infused for two weeks on one tablespoon of crushed inflorescences.

Marigolds in cooking.

Dried and crushed marigold flowers are used as a seasoning known as Imeretian saffron. They give food not only a special spicy taste, but also a beautiful golden color. Marigold leaves and flowers are included in some salads and are also used for preserving vegetables. The marinade, to which a couple of inflorescences were added, gives the cucumbers special elasticity and makes them crispy. Marigold inflorescence is the raw material from which food dyes are produced, which have a rich yellow or yellow-orange color.

Harm of marigolds and contraindications.

It should be remembered that people who have allergic reactions to the active substances contained in the stems, leaves or flowers of the plant, as well as women during pregnancy, are contraindicated from using preparations, ointments, balms and seasonings from marigolds.

Marigolds: cultivation and care.

Due to the natural beauty of marigolds, as well as their long flowering period, they are used for decorative purposes in city parks, garden plots and local areas. The planting location depends on the size of the bush. So gigantic, tall or medium-growing varieties Marigolds are used to decorate the center of flower beds or the background part of a flower garden, and colorful flower borders are formed from low-growing plants. Marigolds are suitable for growing in floor vases, large pots, balcony boxes and even flowerpots, and cut flowers can stand in a regular vase for quite a long time.

The soil.

In Russia, flower growers are mainly engaged in breeding thin-leaved, erect and rejected marigolds. Despite the fact that these plants are quite unpretentious and can grow on almost any soil, the most intense flowering is achieved on fertile, neutral, loamy soils, which are sufficiently fertilized and moistened. To enrich the soil with the necessary minerals and microelements, any of the complete mineral fertilizers are added to it, but not manure. When creating conditions for a complete supply of oxygen to the root system, good drainage is provided at the planting site, for which compost can be used.

Temperature and lighting.

Marigold flowers are heat-loving plants, so they need to be planted in sunny areas, although light shade will not harm them. The best temperature needed for optimal growing season and full flowering is considered to be in the range from +20°C to +23°C. In cooler temperature conditions sprouts slow down their growth, and the leaves become pale green in color. The first frost usually leads to the death of plants. In excessively shaded areas, shoot growth accelerates and flowering is inhibited.

Humidity.

Prolonged heavy rains can have a detrimental effect on the condition of marigolds, causing rotting of the inflorescences and fungal diseases root system, but these plants tolerate drought quite easily, since they come from sunny and arid regions of South America and Mexico.

Methods for planting marigolds.

In floriculture, 2 methods of propagating marigolds are used:

• sowing seeds directly into the soil,
• seedling method.

Flowers planted by direct sowing into the ground begin to bloom only in mid-summer, but planting prepared seedlings makes it possible to admire the beauty of the plants already in early June.

When to plant marigolds?

The timing of planting marigolds in open ground depends on the air temperature. Sowing seeds or planting seedlings should be done only after the night temperature does not fall below +5°C. In southern regions with a mild and warm climate, planting can begin in mid-April, and in areas with temperate climate it is better to postpone this process until the second ten days of May.

Germination of marigold seeds.

To ensure that the seedlings are friendly and strong, the planting material is germinated. This preparation method is equally used both for sowing seeds directly in open ground and for growing marigold seedlings.

Germination of seeds does not represent special labor. To do this, you need to wrap marigold seeds of the selected variety in a moistened cotton cloth. Then the package should be placed in a shallow flat saucer and placed in a transparent plastic bag. Now all that remains is to place the container with the soaked planting material in a warm and bright place and wait two to three days. When the seeds hatch, you can begin planting.

Planting marigolds with seeds in open ground.

In the area prepared for sowing marigolds, using a hoe, you need to make shallow (no more than 2 centimeters) grooves, into which sprouted marigold seeds should be placed at intervals of about 15-20 millimeters. Then you need to cover them with a layer of soil at least one centimeter thick. With a thicker layer, it will be difficult for the sprouts to break through and they may die, and if there is insufficient powder, they will simply dry out. Watering should be done carefully and moderately, avoiding both excessive waterlogging and leaching of seeds from the soil. The first shoots can be observed after 7-8 days. You can cover the planting site with agrofibre or any other non-woven material (acrylic or lutrasil). When 2 or 3 true leaves appear on the sprouts, you can thin out and plant the plants in accordance with the variety, height and width of the bush.

To enjoy flowering already in the last days of May or in the first ten days of June, sowing marigold seedlings should be carried out throughout March and the first half of April. For those who want to grow several different types, you need to take into account that in March the seeds of upright marigolds should be sown, and small-leaved and rejected ones - in the first two weeks of April. In this case, flowering will occur simultaneously in early June.

Grow healthy and strong seedlings These colors are not at all difficult, but some nuances should be observed. The best substrate for germinating marigolds can be considered a mixture of humus, peat, turf soil and half the norm of clean coarse river sand taken in equal quantities. To destroy pests and weed seeds that may be in the soil mixture, it is necessary to disinfect it. To do this, you can use any fungicide or a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

To prevent stagnation of water in the substrate, a drainage layer at least 3 centimeters thick is poured onto the bottom of the planting box or container. For this you can use fine crushed stone, gravel, expanded clay or even coarse sand. Two-thirds of the required volume of soil mixture is poured onto the drainage, which is compacted using a tamper. The rest of the substrate must be in a loose state so that the root system of the seedlings is adequately supplied with oxygen.

The planting box or container should not be filled to the top: there should be 10-20 millimeters of free space from the top of the container to the surface of the soil. Now you need to spill the prepared substrate with water and let the container or box stand in a warm room for a couple of days so that the soil mixture reaches the desired structure. To remove excess moisture from the soil mixture, a container with several small holes at the bottom must be equipped with a special tray.

Before planting marigold seedlings, the surface of the substrate should be slightly loosened and shallow grooves should be made at intervals of about two centimeters. Hatched seeds should be placed in these grooves every 10-15 millimeters, and then they should be covered with a layer of substrate no more than 10 mm thick. After this, very carefully water the entire planting surface, and cover the container with a transparent material (polyethylene bag, lid from a food container, glass, etc.) and take it to the warm room with temperatures from +22°C to +25°C.

It is necessary to ensure that the soil does not dry out and water periodically. When the first sprouts of marigolds appear, the container with the seedlings is transferred to a brighter and cooler room, in which the temperature fluctuates between 15-18°C. At the same time, they begin to “accustom” the seedlings to fresh air, for which purpose they conduct daily ventilation. In addition, this will greatly reduce the risk of some diseases characteristic of seedlings. If there is the slightest suspicion that any seedling is infected with blackleg, it must be removed along with a lump of substrate. After this, you should fill the resulting hole with fresh soil mixture, and then treat the entire soil along with the sprouts with a fungicide solution.

When friendly shoots of marigolds appear, the shelter is completely removed. During this period, watering is carried out only after the soil in the seedling container has dried out. Also, you should not allow water to accumulate in the pan, so some time after watering, excess liquid should be drained from it. In order for the seedlings to grow strong and healthy, it is recommended to feed them with special fertilizers for seedlings twice a month.

If all the planted marigold seeds germinate, the sprouts will be quite cramped in the container or box. In this case, picking will be required. This operation is carried out some time after watering. In a separate container with the same substrate as for growing seedlings, holes are prepared into which the sprouts, removed from the container with a spoon, are transplanted. Planting is carried out by deepening the plants almost to the cotyledons, which will lead to more intense and abundant root formation. The appearance of 2 or 3 true leaves can be considered a signal that marigold seedlings are ready for planting in open ground.

Planting marigold seedlings in open ground.

Seedlings are planted in open ground in the middle or end of May in previously prepared soil. To do this, the area chosen for planting is dug up to a depth of no more than 25 centimeters and complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are added to it. After this, the soil is dug up again and watered. The amount of mineral fertilizers applied should not exceed 30 g/m2.

After waiting some time for the water to be absorbed into the soil, prepare the holes in which the seedlings will be planted. The distance between the holes and adjacent rows of marigolds depends on their type and variety. For giant and tall plants this figure is 40 centimeters, medium-sized flowers should be planted every 30 centimeters, and low-growing and dwarf marigolds should be planted every 20 centimeters.

The depth of the holes for seedlings should be such that the root collar of the plant is 10-20 millimeters deep into the soil. After the root system is carefully placed in the hole, you need to carefully fill the void around the roots and lightly compact the soil. Next, you should water the seedlings well, avoiding excessive waterlogging. It is noteworthy that, unlike many plants, marigolds are not afraid of water getting on their leaves.

Caring for marigolds.

Further care for these flowers is quite simple.

• In order for the bushes to bloom profusely, you need to remove weeds and periodically loosen the soil not only between the plants, but also between the rows.
• Despite the fact that marigolds are unpretentious, application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers will have a beneficial effect on the appearance of the bushes, making flowering more lush. One or two root dressings for the entire season, done when the first buds appear and after the start of abundant flowering, will be enough. Apply nitrogen fertilizers It is not worth it, as this will lead to the growth of shoots and inhibition of the development of inflorescences.
• In addition, for the plant to look lush and neat, it is necessary to periodically remove inflorescences that have already bloomed, and carry out formative pruning of marigolds.

In the fall, after the onset of frost, marigolds die. Plants need to be removed from the ground, finely chopped and embedded in the ground during autumn digging. This measure will allow for the prevention of fungal infections of the soil.

Diseases of marigolds, photos and names.

Like all plants, marigolds can also get sick.

• For example, if the summer is cool and rainy, or if the bushes are planted too close together, dark brown spots often appear on the leaves of the plants and on their stems. This disease is called “gray rot” and leads to the death of not only the infected bush, but can also cause the fungal infection to spread to other plants. To avoid this, you need to immediately dig up all marigold bushes affected by gray rot and destroy them.
• Excessive moisture can also lead to slugs and snails. You can get rid of them by hand picking or jars of bleach, which need to be placed between the rows. The pungent odor emanating from them repels pests.
• In hot, dry summers, especially when watering is carried out irregularly and in insufficient quantities, plants are susceptible to invasion spider mite. Get rid of it dangerous pest This can be done by spraying the bushes with infusions of special plants, since marigolds do not tolerate chemicals well. To prepare infusions, you can use onions, yarrow or red hot pepper. If infection spider mite has not yet happened, you can spray the bushes with plain water two or three times a day as a preventative measure.

It is noteworthy that the phytoncides contained in the roots, stems and leaves of marigolds prevent the development of most fungal diseases not only in the flowers themselves, but also serve as excellent protection for those plants that grow next to them. Therefore, many experienced gardeners create original flower borders around plantings of tomatoes, potatoes or berry bushes.

Interesting facts about marigolds:

• Erect marigold flowers have the ability to draw out heavy metals accumulated in the soil, which allows them to be used for land disinfection work.
• The first written mention of marigolds appeared at the end of the 16th century. basic research Spanish missionary, historian and linguist Bernardino de Sahagún.
• In India, marigolds are considered sacred flowers, so they are strewn with them at the base of statues of the god Krishna.
• The aroma emanating from the leaves is more persistent and pungent than the aroma emitted by the inflorescences.
• In the language of flowers, which in the era of Queen Victoria was used to express feelings hidden, marigolds meant fearlessness, courage, unparalleled courage and were a symbol of the royal lion.
• Residents of Mexico still use the leaves of the plant as a diaphoretic or diuretic, as well as to treat fever. For food poisoning, marigolds are used to induce vomiting and clear the stomach.
• The aroma emanating from marigolds attracts bees, wasps, beetles and other pollinating insects, therefore, by planting such flowers near cucumbers or other crops, you can achieve a significant increase in yield.
• During the era of the birth and spread of Christianity, the inhabitants of the British Isles surrounded images of the Blessed Virgin Mary with wreaths woven from marigolds. The flowers symbolized gold coins.
• According to Orthodox writings, when Mary and Joseph were forced to flee to Egypt, a gang of robbers followed them. When the pursuers overtook the fugitives, they took their wallet. But how surprised the bandits were when, upon opening it, they found not silver or gold, but marigold inflorescences.
• The indigenous Indians of South America in their tales and legends associate the flowers of the plant with the divine luminary of the sun.
• Marigolds are grown not only for decorative purposes. There are species that are cultivated for use in the food industry and the production of alcoholic beverages.

This usually includes the tallest representatives of the species. They grow up to 100 cm. The flowers are large (up to 15 cm in diameter), uniform in color, double.
All known varieties of erect marigolds are further divided according to their size:
giant (above 90 cm);
tall (60-90 cm);
medium (45-60 cm);
low (less than 45 cm).

The most popular varieties:

	Antigua. The bushes are only 20 cm high. But they produce a lot of large inflorescences - up to 10 cm in diameter. Antigua marigolds are yellow or deep orange in color.
	Hawaii. The bushes of the variety are considered the largest (up to 105 cm). Hawaiian marigolds have large flowers (up to 12 cm in diameter) of orange color. The variety is late, flowering begins only in August.
	Gelber Stein. These beautiful yellow marigolds are quite tall - up to 70 cm. The flowers are chrysanthemum-shaped, up to 8 cm in diameter.
	Gold Dollar. Tall (up to 120 cm) bushes are very compact. The shoots are thick and strong, and the leaves are large and light green in color. The color of the inflorescences is red or red-orange.
	Kilimanjaro. These are white marigolds. The plant is tall - up to 70 cm. The inflorescence is spherical, densely double. Kilimanjaro is a hybrid designed specifically for further cutting flowers.
	Glitters. The variety can be conditionally classified as giant marigolds - the bush sometimes reaches 110 cm in height. At the same time, the yellow inflorescences are small (up to 6 cm in diameter).
	Eskimo. The bush with beautiful pinnately divided leaves grows up to only 35 cm. But the flowers themselves are quite large - up to 6 cm in diameter. Color: vanilla-white.
	Goldlicht. Neat bushes 60-75 cm high have strong shoots with massive green leaves. Inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter are double marigolds, carnation-flowered, hemispherical. Flowering begins early.
	Smile. These bush marigolds grow up to 95 cm. The inflorescences are large with mixed colors (transitions from golden yellow to orange). The bush begins to bloom in mid-summer.
	Frills. Compact bushes (up to 80 cm high) with large double inflorescences of a golden-orange hue. The plant begins to bloom late - in late July-early August.
	Mandarin. The bush is compact (up to 30 cm in height), spherical, densely branched. The inflorescences are double, orange in color.

Marigold rejected (French)

The height of the bushes belonging to this group rarely exceeds 60 cm. French marigolds are distinguished by their compactness and a whole range of color shades. The flowers are double and non-double, with a diameter of no more than 8 cm. For the convenience of all representatives of this group, experts have classified:
tall (from 60 cm);
medium (approximately 50 cm);
low (25-40 cm);
midgets (15-20 cm).

Let us designate the most famous varieties of rejected marigolds:

	Bolero. This is a new variety that has already become popular among gardeners. The height of the bushes is up to 30 cm. The inflorescences are medium-sized, double. The color of the flower is very unusual - red-brown with small splashes of golden yellow. Bolero marigolds are fast-growing and bloom profusely throughout the summer season.
	Naughty Marietta. This variety can be called traditional among Russian flower growers. The bushes of the plant (up to 40 cm high) are compact, densely branched, with single flat flowers. The color is bicolor (golden with red spots in the center). From July to September, marigolds of this variety will bloom profusely without requiring special care.
	Petite orange. Quite a well-known variety among gardeners. The bush is small in size (up to 30 cm), compact. Light orange flowers - double, carnation-shaped.
	Bonanza. A beautiful flower with small double inflorescences (up to 6 cm in diameter). The variety series includes several varieties: Bonanza Harmony, Bonanza Bolero, Bonanza Orange, Bonanza Yellow, Bonanza Flame.
	Gold Ball. Spreading bushes of small height (up to 60 cm) have strong shoots of rich green color with a slightly brownish bloom. The inflorescences are simple, semi-double, up to 5 cm in diameter. This variety is classified as an early variety - flowering begins at the beginning of summer. It is especially good for cutting.
	Variety Fighter. The bushes are very lush, up to 50 cm high. The shoots have a beautiful green color. Blooms in early June.
	Jolly Jester. This variety is distinguished by its branching. And this is with a small bush height (30 cm). Inflorescences are of mixed color (pale orange with red stripes), solitary.
	Red gem. These red marigolds surprise with the abundance of inflorescences - it is impossible to count them. The bush is spherical, low. The flowers are flat, non-double.

Fast-growing, unpretentious marigolds burst into sunny colors already at the beginning of summer, pleasing the eye until the first frost. Low-growing, small-flowered varieties are excellent for creating spectacular flower beds and lush flower beds. Large-flowered, shining variations combine perfectly with blue or dark green conifers, adding bright or pastel accents to the composition.

Tall varieties

Lemon Queen

One of the most tall varieties Dutch selection is classified as an erect type. The height of the plant is up to 120 cm, the stems are powerful, with dark green dissected hard leaves. Lemon-yellow inflorescences reach a diameter of 9 cm, and their shape resembles a lush one.

The peak of decorativeness when sowing in open ground falls in July - August. A large plant takes time to form a bush and, in order to get early flowering, the seeds are sown on seedlings in March, waiting for the buds to appear 90 days after sowing.

Glitters

Exquisite marigolds grow up to 110 cm in height; the decorative effect is achieved thanks to the dense green color of the strongly dissected leaves. Flashing lanterns of chrysanthemum-shaped golden-yellow inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter favorably emphasize the depth of greenery. The variety blooms in July–August, is suitable for decorating multi-tiered flower beds and edgings, and will serve as a sophisticated backdrop for other summer flowers.

Golden Fluffy

Spreading bushes up to 95 cm high are distinguished by powerful shoots and full chrysanthemum-like flowers of bright yellow sunny color. The diameter of the luxurious fluffy inflorescences reaches 10 cm. Flowering occurs at the end of July and lasts for 60–70 days.

The variety works well when grown through seedlings to obtain flowering specimens already in early summer, and when planted in closed ground for use as a cut. It is advisable to feed responsive plants twice with complex fertilizers.

After choosing the marigold varieties that suit you, use our article “”, and your flowerbed will definitely please you beautiful flowering these unpretentious and very beautiful flowers!

Medium-sized varieties

Gold Ball

The branched, branched marigolds of the deviated type reach a height of 50–65 cm. Slender shoots with a reddish tint are covered with narrow-lanceolate leaves of emerald green color. The inflorescences can be chrysanthemum-shaped, semi-double or simple, up to 5 cm in diameter. The reed velvet flowers of the lower row are brownish-burgundy; tubular, filling the dense middle - golden yellow. Plants bloom very generously, from June until the first frost.

Feuerbal

Branched, spreading bushes 50–60 cm high with strong shoots and dark green leaves are decorated with graceful inflorescences 4–5 cm in diameter. The lower row of reed flowers is painted in two tones - reddish-brown and yellow. Tubular flowers of an orange hue with brown tips densely fill the middle of the convex shape, forming a small head. The variety is bright, unpretentious, blooms already in June and is covered with velvety flowers until late autumn.

Farbenklane Harmony

Lush marigolds are abundantly covered with green dissected foliage, and grow up to 50 cm in height. Inflorescences are carnation-shaped, 4–5 cm in diameter. Reed silky flowers are reddish-burgundy, with a yellow border, matte golden below. Tubular flowers of orange or yellowish-orange color are twisted into large funnel-shaped tubes and fill the expressive loose head. Flowering is long - from June until severe frosts.

Low growing varieties

Mandarin

Picturesque dwarf variety the rejected type reaches a height of 22–25 cm. The bushes are compact, branched, round in shape. The shoots are covered with narrow dark green foliage. Large clove-shaped inflorescences, up to 7 cm in diameter, are densely packed with wide reed flowers. Thanks to its thick, rich orange tone, Mandarin is deservedly considered one of the most spectacular orange marigolds. Plants bloom profusely and for a long time - from June until the first heavy frost.

Gnome

Miniature thin-leaved marigolds, 20–22 cm high, are characterized by the spherical shape of densely branched bushes covered with light green thin leaves. Small flowers with a diameter of 2–2.5 cm are scattered on an openwork background. The lower row of inflorescences is formed by five wide reed flowers of golden yellow color, the center is formed by countless tiny tubular flowers of an orange hue. The gnome attracts early abundant flowering, decorative foliage and compact bushes. This is an ideal choice for ridges and borders.

Petit Gold

Neat plants 20–30 cm high are decorated with large double flowers of round shape. The variety is classified as a rejected type; the densely branched bushes are covered with highly dissected narrow dark green leaves. Golden double inflorescences, up to 5 cm in diameter, elegantly planted on long peduncles. Flowering is long - from June to severe frosts.

Upright varieties

Depending on the shape of the inflorescences, erect marigolds are dianthus– with an abundance of ligulate wide flowers and chrysanthemum-flowered– with a predominance of narrow tubular ones. Both varieties are exclusively decorative and can be successfully used for cutting; upright marigolds are especially good in strict narrow vases.

Gilber Stein

The calling card of the variety is bright spherical flowers, more similar to than ordinary marigolds. The bush is powerful, up to 70 cm in height, with strong branching at the base and dissected emerald leaves. Very lush inflorescences with a diameter of up to 10 cm proudly flaunt on slender peduncles. Tubular long flowers of golden yellow color, which form the basis of the inflorescence, are slightly curled towards the center. To fully demonstrate their exceptional decorative qualities, plants are grown through seedlings and planted in sunny areas. Gilbert Stein also excels in balcony culture.

Gold Dollar

A stable, reliable variety is one of the first to bloom, forming strong bushes with ribbed hard shoots, about 1 m high. The inflorescences are clove-shaped, reddish-orange, with a small yellow center of tubular flowers, practically without aroma. These marigolds are successfully placed in tall groups, in the center of flower beds or in the background of ridges.

Mary Helen

Large bushes up to 90 cm high with branched shoots are covered with pinnately dissected leaves and full flowers on strong peduncles that stand well as cut flowers. The variety belongs to the carnation type, the double inflorescences are bright yellow, with a pronounced lemon tint, 8–10 cm in diameter. The variety blooms for a long time, from early July until autumn.

Large-flowered varieties and hybrids

Hawaii

The luxurious orange carnation-flowering variety is classified as tall - powerful bushes grow up to 105 cm in height. The plants are branched, dark green, strong. The large inflorescences are impressive - dense, double, deep orange in color, 12–15 cm in diameter. Hardy marigolds are mainly sown in open ground - with April sowing, flowering can be obtained as early as the end of June.

Fantastic

A series of large-flowered erect marigolds of the chrysanthemum type includes stunningly spectacular variations: Fantasy yellow(Fantastic Yellow) Fantasy Golden(Fantastic Gold) and Fantasy orange(Fantastic Orange). The plants are medium-sized - about 70 cm tall, strong and stable. The leaves are dark green, pinnately dissected. Inflorescences with a diameter of 10–12 cm, densely double, with an abundance of narrow tubular flowers of an even tone - yellow, golden or orange. Flowering is long - from June to frost.

Vanilla F1 (Vanilla F1)

Beautiful modern hybrid Terry marigolds will serve as a real decoration for the flower garden. Medium-sized bushes up to 70 cm high are covered with dense, feathery foliage of rich green color. Terry inflorescences are spherical, very large - up to 12 cm in diameter, delicate shade Ivory with lemon cream shading in the center.

Neutral tones of flowers and clear green foliage allow you to use the hybrid in any composition, create smooth transitions between brightly colored species or highlight dark corners of the garden. Works best hybrid marigolds growing through seedlings on light nutrient soils with sufficient irrigation. Flowering is abundant, from June to autumn.

Thin-leaved varieties

Small bushes thin-leaved or Mexican marigolds, with their bright colors flowers and the finest emerald foliage, are indispensable in garden decor. Varieties bloom in very early dates– when sowing seedlings in March, you can get flowering plants, decorating flower beds until the autumn frosts.

Lulu

Low plants reach 30 cm in height. Sprawling bushes with narrow foliage branching from the base can be formed into neat hemispheres, and when planted close to one another, they form beautiful flowering borders. The inflorescences are small - 2-3 cm in diameter, with a clear golden-yellow color of five reed flowers forming the bottom layer, and a brown-orange center of tubular flowers. In full bloom, marigolds look unsurpassed, successfully competing with low-growing chrysanthemums.

Golden Ring

A popular thin-leaved variety forms spherical bushes up to 50 cm in height. The shoots are graceful, covered with thin highly dissected leaves, similar to green cobwebs, and small inflorescences with a diameter of 2–3 cm. The reed flowers are orange-yellow, arranged in one row, the tubular ones are small, golden in color, with brown speckles. Flowering is abundant and continues throughout the summer months until severe frosts.

Ursula

Delicate pastel flowers cover the lush bushes so thickly that the greenery is not visible. The plants are spherical, 25–30 cm high, less often up to 40 cm. Inflorescences up to 2 cm in diameter appear at the end of May and are pleasing to the eye until the beginning of autumn. The main tone of the reed flowers is warm, golden, closer to the center with reddish-orange spots. Tubular flowers are collected in a small head of brown-yellow color. Marigolds bloom all summer, and when covered from the first frost, they remain decorative until mid-autumn.

Rejected varieties and hybrids

Rejected or French marigolds Characterized by highly branched, spreading bushes of medium size, abundant flowering and unpretentiousness. Numerous colorful varieties of this variety are planted in ridges or borders, forming monochromatic groups on lawns, and placed in floor flowerpots and balcony boxes.

Naughty Marietta

Translated from English, the name of these French marigolds sounds like “Naughty Marietta”. Indeed, the joyful, picturesque variety is one of the best in its category. The bushes are compact, round, with lush dark green foliage, reaching a height of 40 cm. Orange-yellow reed flowers closer to the center are decorated with large burgundy spots, small tubes are collected in a dense golden-brown center. Inflorescences scattered over the entire surface of the bush give the impression of numerous mischievous eyes. Despite their simplicity, the flowers are quite large - up to 5 cm in diameter, with delicate petals of a silky shiny texture. Flowering is very long - from early summer to mid-autumn.

Rusty Red

A spectacular fantasy variety forms dense bushes up to 40 cm in height, usually about 30–35 cm. Inflorescences are 4.5–5.5 cm in diameter, double, with several rows of reed flowers of burgundy-brown color with a thin golden border. The tubular flowers are elongated, collected in a dense convex head of orange tone. The peak of decorativeness occurs in July-August; to extend the flowering period, it is advisable to grow through seedlings.

Orange Flemme

Very beautiful, time-tested marigolds grow up to 30–40 cm tall and are characterized by original pompom-shaped flowers. The shoots are highly branched, rigid, covered with split dark green leaves. Reed velvety flowers of burgundy color are arranged in one row, long tubular golden flowers form an expressive round chrysanthemum-type head. Flowering begins early - already in June and lasts until autumn frosts.

White hybrids

Kilimanjaro F1

Quite large upright bushes grow powerfully, reaching a height of 70 cm; branched shoots are covered with cut emerald foliage. Magnificent inflorescences with a diameter of up to 12 cm look amazing - densely double, spherical, creamy white in color with delicate pastel shading at the core. The hybrid looks great in the most sophisticated landscape and stands for a long time when cut, suitable for planting next to decorative foliage plants, including variegated varieties.

Beatles White Moon F1 (Beatles White Moon)

The new hybrid is resistant to adverse weather conditions and can withstand rainy and windy weather without damage. Bushes up to 45 cm high, with hard shoots and feathery bluish-green leaves. Inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter, terry dense structure, white with a light lemon-greenish tone. The plants are suitable for growing as cut flowers, and to obtain flowering in early summer, the seeds are sown as seedlings in March.

Eskimo F1

Erect marigolds form compact bushes 30–35 cm high. Very dark, glossy leaves serve as a background for luxurious creamy-white, densely double inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter. Light shading during hot hours is desirable for this hybrid. Flowerbeds or small ridges of double white marigolds, located at the foot of trellises or.

Video about the variety of marigold varieties

The spectacular inflorescences of marigolds with hard petals are painted in a rich palette of warm colors - from yellow and orange to red and brown. Varieties of these unpretentious annuals indispensable for creating eye-catching spots of color on lawns, decorating flower beds, borders and driveways. Magnificent flowers cannot withstand severe frosts, but low-growing varieties, planted in ceramic pots in the fall and installed in a bright, cool veranda, will bloom until winter, reminiscent of the colors of the bygone summer and spreading a tart healing aroma around.

is a bush of erect, branched stems, 20 - 120 cm high. Leaves are from light green to dark green, pinnately dissected, less often jagged with translucent glands. The placement of leaves on the stem is opposite or alternate.

The inflorescences are ordinary or terry baskets of yellow, brown or orange color with a pungent odor reminiscent of asters. Flowering time is from early summer until frost appears. The root system is fibrous.

There are annual and perennial species. They spread throughout Europe further after they were brought from America by Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century. You can read about all types of this plant.

Annual or not?

The choice between annual and perennial depends on the purpose for which marigolds will be planted. Perennials are suitable for long-term cultivation in one place, with an increase in the area that the plants will occupy by self-seeding. Besides, every year the marigold bushes become stronger and produce larger and more magnificent flowers.

Annual plants require annual planting, but this creates more room for changes in landscape design. They can be planted not only in flower beds, but also in flowerpots, flower pots, and moved with pots wherever a sense of aesthetic balance requires. Is it possible to grow this beautiful flower at home in pots we wrote in .

In addition, their new varieties appear much more often than perennial varieties. Even just collecting seeds of flowers pollinated among themselves different varieties, you can get your own new hybrid. You will learn how to collect marigold seeds in.

Plant varieties and photos

Below you can read a description of the appearance of marigold varieties and look at their photos.

Rejected or French

They come from the mountainous regions of Mexico. The name comes from the fact that their side shoots are always rejected. They grow in low bushes up to 60 cm in height, consisting of erect shoots with dark green pinnately dissected leaves. They bloom from June to October.

Flowers are double or semi-double, 4 - 6 cm in diameter. They are undemanding to soil composition and perform well even on rocky soils. Widely used for planting in front gardens and on alpine coaster.

Thin-leaved or Mexican

They grow in bushes up to 50 cm high from stems branching from the very base. The light green leaves are pinnately dissected, small and narrow. Flowers are golden, orange, red, yellow, up to 2 cm in diameter. They grow well even in heavily polluted soils and on roadsides. The leaves of some varieties are used in cooking.

Erect or African

They grow in tall bushes from 30 cm to 1 meter in height. The stems are straight, ribbed with pinnately divided serrate leaves of all shades of green. Flowers range from light yellow to dark orange with a diameter of up to 13 cm. Well suited for growing as cut flowers.

You can find out all the details about what types of marigolds exist in, and photos and descriptions of the most popular varieties you will find .

Appearance and features

Perennial marigolds grow in compact bushes consisting of erect, branched stems 20 - 130 cm high. Depending on the species, the leaves are pinnately dissected and pinnately divided in all shades of green.

Reference. These flowers have a very strong and quite specific aroma. But this is rather their advantage. If you plant marigolds next to vegetable crops, then they will help protect them from pests.

The inflorescences consist of tubular and reed flowers. Depending on their shape and quantity, marigolds are usually divided into:

• simple(consisting of 1 - 3 rows of reed petals);
• semi-double(they contain no more than half reeds);
• terry(more than half of these flowers are either tubular or reed).

Flowers can be yellow, orange, lemon, white, variegated, red-brown. According to the overall height of the bush, marigolds are divided into:

• Giant - more than 90 cm.
• High - up to 60 cm.
• Medium height - up to 50cm.
• - up to 40cm.
• Dwarf - up to 20cm.

In order for marigolds to develop normally, it is recommended to follow a number of rules for planting them in open ground.

Important. Abundant watering is very important for the further development of marigolds. In its absence, the bushes will grow short, with a small number of shoots, and the flowers will be much smaller than they should be.

We wrote about how to get seedlings of your favorite flower in.

If you decide to plant by simple sowing, then there are two options. The seeds are planted either dry or pre-soaked in warm water for several days. You will find all the details about growing marigolds from seeds.

1. At the planting site, make grooves 5 cm deep and moisten them.
2. Seeds are sown at a distance of 5 cm from each other.
3. Filled beds are covered with earth or peat.
4. After a pair of true leaves appear, the sprouts are pruned and thinned out. As a result, there should be a distance of 20 cm between plants, 40 cm for tall varieties.
5. Until the plants get stronger, carry out abundant watering and regular weeding.

You will find all the rules for planting marigolds in, and read how to do it correctly at home and in open ground.

Lighting

When planting, pay attention to its illumination. Although planting in partial shade and shade is allowed, it is better to plant these heat-loving flowers in areas that are well lit all day. Water should not stagnate in these areas, otherwise the flowers will begin to rot with fungal diseases of the roots.

Also, when choosing a location, the future height of the bush is important. Usually they form flower borders or are planted on alpine hills. The remaining varieties are used as central elements of flower beds or planted in the background part of the flower garden.

Soil requirements

In general, plants are quite unpretentious to the richness and density of the soil in which they grow. For achievement best results It is recommended to plant them in neutral loamy soil, which is pre-enriched with minerals and trace elements. For a better oxygen supply, provide good drainage, for example by adding compost.

Important. You can pre-fertilize the soil with any complete mineral fertilizer in full dosage, but manure cannot be used for this.

Care and choice of location

At making the right choice the original planting site, with constant lighting, although caring for marigolds is not difficult, they still require some attention.

Common diseases and pests

• Gray rot is formed if the summer is too rainy and cold or when plants are planted close to each other. Characterized by dark brown spots on stems and leaves. If an infected plant is discovered, it is dug up and destroyed.
• Root rot appears as a result of stagnation of moisture in the soil. Treated with any phytoncides for plants.
• Slugs and snails begin to attack plants when high humidity. They fight them by collecting them with their hands and placing open containers of bleach near the plants.
, then a certain number of seed pods are simply left on the bushes. Later they will open on their own and the seeds will fall to the ground.

The easiest way to propagate is by dividing the mother bush. The dug out bush is simply divided into several parts with roots and stems. Then they are planted separately according to the planting rules.

In general, we can say that marigolds are a good choice for both beginning gardeners and experienced gardeners and landscape designers.

A large selection of varieties and unpretentiousness make it easy to decorate with them both a city flowerbed and the front garden of a private house or cottage. And gardeners will like the fact that their smell will repel harmful insects from vegetable beds.