Agree, it’s boring to grow only potatoes, cucumbers and tomatoes in the country. You always want a rich variety so that you have something to surprise your family and guests. Some summer residents are not afraid even of capricious exotic plants. So why not grow unpretentious beans on your plot? Let's figure out how to grow beans to get high yields.

What kind of vegetable is this?

First, let’s briefly talk about the benefits of beans and what role they play in our diet.

Vegetable beans, despite the long history of cultivation, are not grown on an industrial scale due to the difficulties of mechanizing certain processes. This crop is for private gardening. Bean is a fruit (pod) rich in protein, amino acids, iron, phosphorus, potassium and vitamins and has a high energy value with excellent taste qualities. Unripe pods and seeds in the stage of milky and waxy ripeness are eaten. However, you need to remember that there are them without heat treatment

, like pea grains, is not recommended due to high toxicity and the risk of food poisoning. At the same time, they are excellent in preserves and hot side dishes and sauces.

In addition, beans, like other members of the family, improve the structure of the soil, clear the area of ​​weeds and enrich it with nitrogen. In vegetable growing, varieties with different colors (from snow-white to dark purple), seed shapes and sizes are used. If you are interested in a culture such as vegetable beans

, then its cultivation according to our recommendations will certainly be successful.

What do vegetable beans like? Being a crop with low requirements for soil types and fertility levels, beans are still responsive to attention and, with high agricultural technology, produce good harvest

. They prefer loose, breathable, nutritious soils with a neutral solution reaction. They are especially sensitive to potassium content and if it is deficient, growth is inhibited, so experienced gardeners advise adding wood ash to the garden bed before planting. The worst option for sowing is heavy acidic clay soils.

Vegetable beans are cold-resistant and moisture-loving plants. Seeds germinate already at a temperature of 3 - 4 degrees, and the seedlings are not afraid of spring frosts. To begin the development of the embryo and the appearance of a sprout, a lot of water is required (it is better to sow swollen or germinated seeds in moist soil), this need continues until flowering. Drought can cause buds to fall and even fruit to set. However, water stagnation and waterlogging should not be allowed.

Beans should be planted in warm, sunny areas.

How and when to prepare the soil in the garden

Since beans are sowed in early spring, site preparation must begin in the fall. After clearing the predecessor, the bed is fertilized with organic matter and dug up. In the spring, it is enough to add superphosphate and potassium salt. Legumes are grown without nitrogen fertilizers and only on poor soils is it advisable to apply ammonium nitrate.

Pre-sowing seed preparation

Before planting, bean seeds need to be soaked and processed. It is enough to soak purchased certified seeds in water for 5 hours room temperature, warm up for 3 hours on a radiator (using a thick cloth) and treat with bacterial fertilizer Nitragin for beans (specialized strains of nodule bacteria are produced for each type of plant in the family).

Seeds obtained from summer cottage, need more thorough preparation. After storage, they should be kept for a day in a warm place (for example, next to a radiator or heater) so that the weevil beetles (bruchus) get out of the seeds in case of infection. Soaking in water can be combined with treatment with a growth stimulant to speed up the emergence of seedlings. To protect against diseases, seeds are treated with a universal disinfectant approved for use in private household plots, according to the instructions. After dressing, you can treat with Nitragin; this should be done on the day of sowing.

Before planting beans in open ground, it is advisable to wait until the seeds hatch. To do this, they are wrapped in damp gauze and left in a warm place without direct sunlight, moisturizing if necessary.

Direct sowing in open ground

Each specific region has its own timing when it is best to plant beans. General recommendations the following: sufficient soil temperature (4 - 5 degrees) and a good supply of moisture in the soil. In the middle zone optimal conditions For sowing they are laid in late April - early May. It is not advisable to delay sowing, since seeds need a lot of moisture to germinate, and soil saturated with melt water dries out quickly on dry spring days.

There is another factor early landing- the ability to avoid massive damage by the main pests of legumes - codling moth, bruchus (weevil), weevils and pea aphids. Some summer residents advise, when growing beans, to plant in several stages with an interval of 10 days. This technique allows you to extend the period of fruit consumption in the milky ripeness phase, but good result can only be obtained in regions with sufficient moisture or subject to regular irrigation.

Sowing is carried out according to two schemes: single-line with an interval between lines from 45 to 60 cm (minimum value for dwarf varieties, and maximum for tall ones) and two-line tape with an interval between lines of 20 cm and between tapes of 55 cm. The distance between plants in a row is 10 - 15 cm. In an area with structured light soil, the seeds are buried by 7 cm, and on heavy soils it is sufficient 5 cm.

Sowing is carried out with the scar facing down, since this is where the first root will appear. Shoots appear in 1 – 2 weeks, depending on pre-sowing preparation. Given the size of the seeds, perfect leveling of the bed is not required. The main thing is that planting and caring for plants in the future should be as comfortable as possible. To do this, it is not recommended to make a bed that is too wide or too long. You also need to plan conditions for frequent watering.

Growing by seedlings

Now let's talk about how to plant beans through seedlings. This method is relevant in northern regions and in years with a long spring (when the soil does not dry out for a long time for harrowing). Seeds are sown in early April in separate containers or peat pots, one at a time (if the seeds are germinated). Until mid-May, seedlings are kept at home and after hardening they are planted in open ground. Seedlings are not capricious temperature conditions, but require good lighting and regular watering.

Features of caring for bean beds

If you already have experience in cultivating peas, then growing and caring for beans will not cause difficulties due to the similarity in agricultural technology. As noted above, they are moisture-loving plants, but during the period of fruiting and ripening, watering should be reduced, especially if there is sufficient precipitation. In general, beans in the country grow “on their own”, without unnecessary supervision. However, like any cultivated plant, they require some care. Here key points For successful cultivation:

1. nodule bacteria require active access of oxygen to function, so we must not forget about loosening after each watering;
2. overmoistening (especially on heavy soils) leads to the development of root rot;
3. thickened plantings are most often affected by downy and powdery mildew;
4. Timely removal of weeds plays an important role in creating a healthy phytosanitary environment;
5. It is recommended to tie tall varieties to a trellis, which can be made from wooden stakes and medium-thick wire;
6. during the period of mass flowering, pinching the upper shoot by 10 cm is carried out (this measure reduces the likelihood of aphid colonization and makes fruit ripening uniform);
7. it is enough to carry out one fertilizing with infusion of chicken manure during the period active growth;
8. The yield of beans will be higher if the fruits are collected in several stages as they reach the stage of milky ripeness; its maximum value can be 0.5 - 1.5 kg per 1 sq. meters (largely depends on the variety and air temperature during the flowering period).

These simple recommendations Even beginning gardeners can learn how to grow beans in their summer cottage. Even after harvesting, vegetable bean bushes can be useful for your garden: tops trimmed at the base will become beautiful green fertilizer for others vegetable crops, and powerful, highly branched roots with nodules left in the soil will improve the structure and enrich the substrate with nitrogen.

Beans are an unpretentious vegetable crop from the Legume family, which has been known in Rus' for a long time. Currently, beans are undeservedly forgotten, although among our ancestors they were the main garden crop, which was grown everywhere and consumed in huge quantities. Beans were the main ingredient in many dishes, later replaced by potatoes. Beans are a valuable nutritious product, rich in protein, microelements and vitamins, which have excellent taste and quickly saturate the body. Beans can be classified as plants that summer residents grow in their gardens not only for food consumption, but also for fertilizing the soil. The plant coexists perfectly in the beds with all vegetables, with the exception of onions and garlic; it does not require special care and gives a high yield. Read on to learn how to properly grow beans in your summer cottage and what are the features of growing beans.

Beans are herbaceous annual plant from the Legume family. The stem of the plant is erect, thickened, reaching a height of 30 to 120 cm. The leaves are unpaired and pinnate, the color is green. It has a developed powerful root that goes deep into the soil up to 1.5 meters. The bean inflorescence is a raceme with 4-12 flowers 2.5-3.5 cm in size. The bean blooms with white flowers, with a black spot on the wings of the petals. Flowers open in the afternoon. During flowering, the beans look attractive. The fruit of the plant (bean) is a pod up to 30 cm long, which contains 2 or more seeds of yellow, green, brown, purple, black, the size and shape of which depends on the plant variety. There are small-seeded, medium-seeded and large-seeded varieties of beans, which differ from each other not only in color, size, but also in yield and ripening time. Of all garden crops, beans are the most cold-resistant and undemanding. thermal conditions. The seeds of the plant sprout already at a temperature of 3-4 degrees Celsius, and adult specimens can withstand frosts of up to 4 degrees. At an air temperature of 19-22 degrees, young plants actively begin to grow and develop. Bean varieties Modern varieties of beans have high nutritional value and excellent taste. Breeders divide beans into two main groups: northern and Western European varieties. Northern varieties produce high yields in regions with temperate climates, while Western European varieties are grown in southern regions with a hot, dry climate. Russian blacks. One of the most famous mid-early varieties, widely used for planting in the northern zone of Russia. The bush reaches a height of up to 60 cm, blooms with white flowers and black spots. The shape of the beans is slightly curved, the length of the pod is 7-8 cm. The dark purple seeds have an oblong oval shape; when ripe, the bean valves do not open. Belarusian. They belong to a mid-season variety, the height of the shoots is from 60 cm to 1 meter. The flowers are white, spotted. The bean is straight, up to 11 cm long; when ripe, the fruit flaps crack. The seeds are light brown in color and elongated in shape. The variety is widely known in Ukraine, Belarus, and Latvia. Windsor green and white. Mid-season varieties. The plant is compact, stem height 0.6-1 m. The shape of the beans is elliptical, slightly flattened, with fleshy, green valves that open when ripe, contains 3 seeds. Varieties differ in seed color. Virovsky. The beans belong to the mid-early variety. A plant up to 1 meter high with an erect stem. The flowers are large. The bean pod has a curved shape; 3-4 large, milky-colored seeds ripen in it. Beans: growing features Beans are low heat-demanding plants. daylight hours. Bean seeds begin to actively germinate at low temperatures and are not afraid of frosts down to 4 degrees, so sowing the seeds is carried out in the spring, at the most early dates. The plant feels most comfortable at moderate temperatures up to 22 degrees Celsius. More heat air can lead to falling flowers and barren flowers, and therefore to unripening fruits. Beans love moisture and are sensitive to drought. It has been noted that the highest yields of beans are observed when there is rainfall during their flowering period. a large number of precipitation. Beans are not only a tasty and nutritious product, but also a useful garden crop. Like all plants of the Legume family, the roots of beans form nodule bacteria, which enrich the soil with nitrogen and make it looser and more suitable for the full growth and development of other vegetable crops. The roots and stems of beans, embedded in the ground after ripening and harvesting, are valuable fertilizer for the site. Also, the powerful branched root system of beans prevents weeds from developing, reliably protecting the fertile soil layer from being washed out by heavy rainfall. Choosing a site for planting beans When choosing a place to plant beans, you should give preference to a lighted area of ​​the garden with loamy, fertile, slightly acidic or neutral soils. A very important criterion for choosing a place to plant beans is soil moisture, so lowlands, row spacing of other vegetable crops, as well as small hills from which the snow melts early are allotted for planting them. However, there should be no stagnation of moisture in the soil. Cold and too wet soil is completely unsuitable for growing vegetable beans - most likely the seeds will rot and will not sprout. Areas where potatoes, cabbage, and cucumbers were previously grown are suitable for planting the plant. Garden areas where legumes were previously grown are not suitable: beans, peas, soybeans, lentils, in order to ensure vegetable crop rotation. Planting beans in open ground Vegetable beans are an unpretentious crop that can withstand fairly low temperatures, so they can be planted in early spring when the soil begins to warm up and the threat of ground freezing has passed. Preparing the soil for planting beans with seeds Preparing the soil for planting beans is carried out in the fall. The soil should be dug well, using a spade bayonet, since the plant has a powerful root system. When digging they add organic fertilizers: compost, mullein, manure (3-4 kg per 1 square meter). The exception is bird droppings, which contain a high nitrogen content. The soil is also enriched with phosphorus fertilizers and ash, which reduces the acidity of the soil. In the spring, before planting seeds, the soil, which has become compacted over the winter, is dug up, adding 10-20 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt. Timing for planting bean seeds in open ground Sowing bean seeds in the ground is carried out in late April - early May. The earth should warm up sufficiently, but be moistened, retaining most of the melt water. For central Russia, the optimal period when to plant beans in the ground is from May 7 to May 14. With more late boarding the development and growth of seedlings is weaker, and the plant becomes susceptible to fungal diseases and attack by harmful insects. Less commonly used for planting seedling method, which is used for early harvest and is suitable for regions with late spring. To do this, the seeds are soaked in water for up to 15 hours and planted in separate containers in early April, growing in greenhouse conditions. After 30-35 days, the seedlings are ready for planting in open ground. How to ensure high germination rates for bean seeds Bean seeds germinate at low temperatures (from 4 to 10 degrees), but night frosts can cause their death. Before planting, it is necessary to inspect all the seeds and select only mature ones that are ready for planting. When examining, pay attention to seeds with a small hole - this seed has been damaged by the grinder. By breaking the seed you can find the pest larva. You can plant both dry and soaked seeds in the ground. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked on a saucer with damp gauze in two layers for 24-48 hours. You should not delay planting seeds that have swollen in water, as they may “choke” and not germinate. How to plant beans in open ground with seeds The beans are planted immediately in moist soil, in 2 rows, keeping a wide row spacing of at least 45 cm, to make it easier to care for them. For the black Russian bean variety, the row spacing can be reduced to 30 cm. The seeds are deepened to a depth of 5-7 cm, keeping a distance of 10-15 cm between them. It will not be difficult for a powerful sprout to break through to the light. After planting, the beds need to be watered. For beans, you can select separate beds in the garden, or you can combine them with other vegetable crops by planting seeds between the rows. Combined plantings provide protection for garden crops from aphid attacks. Beans: caring for garden crops Caring for beans is not difficult; it is enough to provide the plant with regular watering, loosening the soil, and hilling. It is necessary to ensure that weeds do not interfere with the active growth and development of young seedlings, so it is necessary to weed more often. When the plant grows and gains strength, it will inhibit the growth of weeds and the need for weeding will disappear by itself. As soon as the bean stalks reach a height of 50 cm, they are earthed up; hilling is carried out 2-3 times throughout the season. Hilling protects the bean stems from gusts of wind and makes the plant more stable. Feeding beans In the process of loosening the soil, liquid complex organic-mineral fertilizers are introduced into the rows (at square meter soil, it is necessary to add up to 10 g of superphosphate, 5 g of ammonium nitrate and 5 g of potassium salt). Watering the beans Regular watering is an important part of bean growing care. The plant especially needs abundant watering during the flowering period, when fruit sets. However, one should not allow excess and stagnation of moisture in the soil, which can lead to root rotting or active growth of the vegetative mass of the plant, which will lead to low yield. Pinching the tops of the beans Pinching the top of a plant during flowering is effective method protecting young shoots from attack by aphids, which love to feast on juice young plant. The tops of the stem 10-15 cm long are cut off. Pinching also helps the fruits ripen evenly. Tying beans, creating support for shoots Depending on the variety, the upright branched stem of the bean can reach a length of more than a meter. For stability tall varieties a support is used to which the plant stems are tied. Pegs 1 meter high are used as support, with twine or rope stretched between them; you can also tie the stem directly to a separate peg. Harvesting beans The first bean harvest begins in summer; the crop is harvested several times per season. For fresh consumption, green, juicy and tender beans are collected. Green bean grains are at milky ripeness approximately 2 weeks after flowering. The crop is harvested starting from the lower part of the stem, where the fruits ripen faster. Green (unripe) bean fruits are ideal for salads and side dishes. And more mature fruits with ripened seeds are suitable for making soups. Collection of bean seeds for storage and subsequent propagation is carried out after the fruit valves darken and begin to open. Select viable seeds for storage. To determine their germination capacity, the seeds are placed in a saline solution. In this case, empty beans will float to the surface, and mature ones will remain at the bottom of the dish. Bean seeds remain viable for 5-10 years. Store them in a dry, dark place, away from heating devices, where the temperature is stable and there is no humidity. After harvesting, the above-ground part of the plant is cut off and burned, and the soil, along with the roots, is dug up. The root system of beans makes excellent compost and ideal soil fertilizer. To enrich the soil on the site with nitrogen, the roots of the beans can be pulled out of the ground and buried in the ground during autumn digging. Control of diseases and pests of beans Beans are a vegetable crop resistant to various types diseases and pests. Common plant diseases include: Black bean aphid. A pest that attacks the stems of a young plant in summer period. Most often, aphids attack the top of the stem. Leads to deformation and curvature of the stem. During active growth of the stem, it is recommended to pinch off all the tops of a plant up to 15 cm long to prevent aphids from appearing. For prevention, treatment of the plant with karbofos or Fitover is used. Sprout fly. Often attacks beans small pest- a sprout fly that lays eggs in the soil, under the shoot. The fly larvae feed on the bean root. To protect the plant from the pest, it is necessary to regularly remove weeds and loosen the soil under the bushes. Nodule weevil. Looks like a small gray bug. This is one of the most dangerous pests of beans, capable of destroying the entire plant. Insect larvae feed on root nodules, and the weevil itself eats young foliage, as a result of which the plant becomes weaker and eventually dies. If a pest is detected, the plant should be sprayed with dust at the rate of 10 grams per square meter. Bean weevil- an insect that harms the plant during the flowering period, when fruit sets. It lays larvae on young ovaries; after a few days, the larvae penetrate the seed and feed on its contents, thereby harming the future harvest. Caryopsis larvae are dangerous because they can overwinter in seeds intended for planting in the spring. To prevent infection of young seedlings, the seeds are soaked in a saline solution. In addition to pests, young seedlings are susceptible to some diseases, which are usually associated with waterlogging of the soil. Among them are: Blackleg. A disease characterized by the formation of a dark coating on the root collar of a plant. Leads to rapid withering and death of the shoot. The culprit of the disease is a fungus, infection of which occurs through the soil. The disease progresses in cool, damp spring, observed when late sowing seeds in open ground. Chocolate (brown) spot. A disease characterized by the appearance of dark brown spots on the leaves and stem of the plant. If chocolate spotting is detected on the leaves, they must be removed so that the disease does not spread throughout the entire shoot. In processing chemicals the plant does not need. In addition, significant damage to the bean crop is caused uninvited guests gardens - rooks and crows, which pull out young shoots along with the roots. To prevent bird attacks, it is necessary to provide methods of repelling them. Beans are a vegetable crop that is healthy and nutritious for our body, and by planting it in the garden, we receive double benefits. In addition to the high yield of tasty fruits, the soil on the site is fertilized and saturated with nitrogen. Special attention You need to pay attention to choosing a site for planting legumes and know when to sow beans in open ground in order to get high yields. Delicious, nutritious dishes made from beans are a source of vegetable protein and valuable substances that will diversify your diet and fill your body with vitamins and microelements for the whole year.

Beans are very healthy and nutritious for our body, and they are also very tasty. By planting beans in the garden, we get a double benefit: we will both reap a useful harvest and prepare the soil for growing vegetables next year, since they saturate the soil with nitrogen.

First of all, let's sort out planting material. We discard the small, wrinkled ones, spoiled by the bug, and leave the large ripened beans.

For better germination, the beans are wrapped in a damp cloth for a day. At the same time, we make sure that the fabric does not dry out and that the beans swell and hatch properly.

We choose a place in the garden: beans love well-lit places next to cucumbers, potatoes, and tomatoes. We plant the prepared beans in the ground, deepening them to 5 cm. Usually they are planted in a row, the distance between the seeds is 10-15 cm, between the rows - 30-40 cm. Considering that this climbing plant

, can be planted along the fence, or it will be necessary to install a support. We water the beans once a week, subject to dry weather. After watering, loosen the soil. When the first true leaves appear, carry out root feeding

mortar or superphosphate. During the period of flowering and ovary formation, we double the watering and fertilize once a week.

When the plant reaches two meters in height, we pinch the tops, thereby stimulating the formation of the ovary. It is important not only to plant the beans correctly, but also to harvest them on time and properly prepare them for storage! To do this, dry pods are threshed and the beans are dried. Can be stored in the refrigerator or tightly closed jar

. Have a good harvest! Beans are an excellent crop that is high in, proteins and a pleasant taste that gives a feeling of fullness. As an “energy for nutrition”, beans have 3 times more calories than potatoes and 7 times more calories than cabbage. It is very useful for children to eat both young, unripe beans (raw), and fully ripened, dried ones. Due to their high-quality hardness, they already need to be boiled or stewed.

Beans are not demanding of their predecessors in the garden, like soybeans or peas, but after them, in the next season, any vegetables and plants (except legumes) grow well. But at the same time, like any other vegetable crop, during their growth they need timely and proper care, correct landing. But we will describe in detail how all this can be done in this article.

The content of the article:

Site requirements

Beans can demonstrate higher yields on fertile, loose soils. loamy soils, with a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction. But they can also grow and bear fruit successfully in poor conditions. nutrients soil.

For full development, they also need potassium, and in cases where this element is still lacking in the soil, it will have to be added artificially before planting. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to fertilize the beds wood ash or organic compounds.

Plants also need a lot of light, so whenever possible we plant them in a sunny area of ​​the garden. It is not recommended to plant them in cold and too wet sandy soil, since the seeds sown in it will not only not sprout, but will simply rot.

The ideal place for growing beans is a small hill, warmed by the sun's rays, cleared of snow early, and from which water will drain during heavy rains.

Beans react poorly to excess nitrogen in the soil.

Enough an important condition Crop rotation is also important for this crop. That is, in the area where family relatives (peas, beans, chickpeas, soybeans, peanuts, lentils) were grown last season, beans cannot be planted.

A plot where the predecessors were crops such as potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, pumpkin, and cabbage would be suitable for them. But after beans, it will be possible to grow almost all types of crops here, except legumes.

When to plant beans?

For the germination of bean grains, 2-5°C of heat is enough. They are not afraid of spring frosts, since planting material can withstand temperatures down to -4 degrees.

Therefore, you can start sowing as soon as the soil begins to warm up. But for successful germination, the soil must be warmed to at least 5 degrees Celsius. In most regions, sowing of this crop is carried out from the end of April to the second ten days of May.

The beans will feel most comfortable at a temperature of 20-22 °C. But at temperatures above 25 °C they will already suffer: the flowers that have formed fall off and the fruits do not ripen.

In regions with cold climates, beans are grown through seedlings. In this case, sowing should be done in separate containers, which must be done 30 - 35 days before planting the plants in the beds, but before planting on permanent place, the seedlings are still hardening off. As a rule, this method is used to obtain an early harvest.

Sowing

Before planting, the seeds are placed in water for about 5-6 hours or in a growth stimulator for 2-4 hours. To hatch, you can wet a piece of cloth and wrap them in it. If the seeds are very dry, they need more time to soak - it is better to leave them for 12-20 hours, periodically changing the water.

Sowing seeds can be done in two ways:

• On a flat area, leaving 40 cm of free space between the seeds;
• On the beds, reducing the distance between adjacent beans to 20–25 cm for dwarf varieties and to 10–12 cm for tall ones;

The row spacing should be at least 45 cm. The planting itself is usually done in two rows, due to the fact that in this way the plants will bear more fruit and will be easier to care for.

If black Russian beans are used for planting, the row spacing is reduced to 30 cm, and the seeds are laid out at small intervals - about 3-5 cm. Sowing is carried out in moist soil. It wouldn’t hurt to water the beds after it’s finished.

The depth of embedding depends on the quality of the soil. On light soils, the depth of the hole for the seed is 6-7 cm, on heavy soils – 3-5 cm. Having buried the seeds, mulch the surface of the bed. Shoots will appear in about 14-20 days. Afterwards, the main task will be to properly care for the plants.

Care

Watering . The beans can be kept for quite a long time without watering, but at the beginning of growth they need quite a lot of water. If there has been no rain for a long time, the plantings need to be watered. As a rule, they water 2 times a week, at a rate of at least 10 liters of water per 1 square meter. meter.

Loosening . The soil around the plants must be periodically loosened and weeds removed. Treatment of row spacing is carried out several times to a depth of 8-12 cm; The first loosening is carried out after the appearance of the second leaf, later they are repeated as the soil crust forms and is stopped when the plant height is 50-60 cm.

During the second and third loosening, the plants are hilled, which helps strengthen the root system and increase the plants' resistance to winds.

Feeding . If plants grow slowly, they are fed with potassium and nitrogen fertilizers- 10-15 g per 1 sq. m.

Garter . Only tall varieties need a garter (to facilitate the process of caring for them).

To do this, we install a trellis on them, which can be done as follows:

• After planting, we drive stakes into the soil along the edges of the rows - supports (height 1-1.2 m);
• When the seedlings grow a little, we stretch the wire onto the stakes at intervals of 30 cm;

Collection and storage

Beans begin to be removed when the seeds in them are almost completely developed, but have not yet lost their tenderness and “black grooves” have not formed at the point of attachment to the fruit. First of all, we remove those fruits that are located at the bottom of the stem. We break them out and free the seeds from the valves.

In cases where the whole fruits will be used for food (grains with leaves), we remove them when the leaves are still juicy and the size of the grains reaches about 1 cm. In cases where the grown grains will be consumed raw, the beans should be removed when the seeds milky ripeness has reached full of this variety size.

We harvest the crop in 3-4 steps with an interval of 8-10 days. We remove it along with the tops; tied in sheaves, they ripen well in a barn or attic. We hang the sheaves with their roots facing up. We carry out threshing manually, removing seeds from the leaves.

From one plant you can collect 30–50 g of seeds.

Growing beans with potatoes

Beans can also be planted together with potatoes. But not into the potato hole itself, but on the surface and from the edge.

What is the logic here? The bean, in conditions of sufficient moisture, will sprout in a few days and begin to grow quickly. By the time the potatoes emerge from the ground, the bean will already reach 10-15 cm and will not prevent our main root crop from developing.

And the potatoes are not oppressed, and the soil, due to the presence of beans, is enriched with nitrogen, and therefore its structure improves.

But this is not the only benefit: there is no need to occupy the beds with beans.

Diseases and pests

Blackish spotting . Signs of the disease are the appearance of large, blurry dark brown spots on the leaves, which can gradually cover the entire leaf surface. Sick plants look depressed and have damaged beans, from which, when threshed, the fungus can spread to the seeds.

Bacteriosis . Can cause great harm to legumes. Can be caused by various pathogenic bacteria. Signs of the disease are the appearance of large (on leaves, stems and beans) and small (on leaves) spots. Severe damage, especially in wet weather, can cause the death of the entire plant.

Dry rot of fruits and seeds . Signs are the formation of a whitish-pink coating of fungus on the fruits, which can penetrate the valves and beans and infect the seeds. At the same time, the seeds lose their shine, and areas with a lighter color appear on them, in some cases a pinkish tint.

White rot . Causes withering and drying of individual shoots or the entire plant. A white, compacted, cotton-like coating of mycelium appears on the affected tissues. The stems turn yellow, quickly rot (wet rot), the tissues become soft, become brittle and die.

Gray rot . Signs are brownish-greenish vague rotting spots. Soon a short-cropped, powdery coating of grayish (mouse) color appears on them. Then, on the affected tissues, small white, then black, dense formations in the form of irregular balls (sclerotia) are formed. The tissues turn brown and soften.

Viral diseases . Signs of viral diseases: dwarfism, discoloration, chloroticity, curling, mosaic, waviness or curling of leaves, death of stem tips. They can manifest themselves both together and each separately. Some viral diseases can also be transmitted by seeds. The cause of such diseases and their strong development can be warm, dry weather and lack of moisture in the soil. Viruses are carried from plant to plant by insects.

Control measures . First of all, we start by looking at the seeds, and if they are found with signs of disease, we discard them. We take seed material only from healthy plants, dry them well and store them in a cool, dry place, preventing them from molding.

We sow vegetable seeds in optimal timing. When diseased seedlings appear on the site, we remove them so as not to infect other plants. The rapid spread of diseases can also be caused by dense crops, which should also be avoided.

Throughout growing season We carefully remove all weeds, as they are the source of many diseases. After harvesting, we dig up the area - autumn (autumn) treatment. We return legumes to their original place no earlier than after 2-3 years.

But what about pests, then vegetable beans in middle lane Russia usually suffers from black aphids. It is combated by spraying with a 2-4% emulsion of green soap (200-400 g per 10 liters of water). The signal for spraying will be the appearance of pests on the plants.

But most dangerous pest beans is a nodule weevil that eats the leaves of young seedlings, and its larvae feed on the nodules on the roots. Seedlings suffer especially in dry weather.

Sown seeds, as well as young shoots, must be protected from rooks.

Conclusion

The benefits of growing legumes are numerous. IN in this case Not only can we get a healthy, nutritious, and most importantly environmentally friendly product, they can also bring considerable benefits to the soil, neighboring crops, and next year’s plantings.

1. Capable of enriching the soil with nitrogen, which eliminates the need to use artificial mineral fertilizers;
2. They will help get rid of moles - invisible, but very annoying pests.
3. Can improve soil structure;
4. By sowing them mixed with mustard, rye or lupine, you can grow these plants as green manure.

As you can see, there are many benefits from beans, and growing them is not that difficult, so I still recommend planting at least a few rows in the garden.

For our ancestors, beans were one of the main products, so their cultivation was practiced in huge quantities. But the growing popularity of potatoes gradually displaced this crop, first from our dishes, and then from our gardens. And it’s completely in vain, because beans are unpretentious, and care is minimal, while they are very useful in nutrition.

As garden crops Russian beans are undeservedly forgotten, because their cultivation has a lot of advantages: easy care, cold resistance, and also the ability to enrich the soil with nitrogen and improve its structure.

Due to its stability, caring for it eliminates the need for tying

And it’s worth returning them to the diet, because this product contains more vegetable protein than beans and peas, as well as carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, micro- and macroelements, which are so necessary for our body. And you can learn from the variety of dishes that are prepared from beans from Mediterranean, African, Mexican, Chinese cuisines and many others.

Beans as a plant can be described as follows: a thick, hollow stem, sometimes growing up to 1.5 meters in height. Thanks to its stability, caring for it eliminates the need for tying. There are usually no side branches; the leaves are large and smooth. The roots are located quite deep, especially the central one, which allows the plant to extract moisture from the lower layers of the soil. The flowers are beautiful and large, often white with black splashes. The fruits are formed in the form of elongated pods with a dense shell (the pods are many times thicker than those of beans). Up to 7-9 beans ripen in each pod.

Some characteristics may differ depending on the variety:

1. Velena – medium early. The fruits are juicy without a parchment shell, pods up to 10 cm long with 3-4 beans.
2. Russian black - mid-early, ripens 85-90 days after emergence. The stem is 50-60 cm high, distinguished by branching. The fruits are flat-shaped, dark purple in color, large.
3. Belarusian - mid-season, reach maturity 90-110 days from germination. Plant height is from 60 to 100 cm. Cream-colored beans, weight of 1000 seeds is 1000-1200 g.
4. Virovskie are mid-ripening, ripen in 80-90 days to milk ripeness and in 95-100 to technical ripeness. The stem is 85-100 cm high, the pod is slightly curved with 3-4 light-colored beans. The parchment layer is noticeable.

Video about beneficial features and bean care

Growing according to all the rules

For planting beans, choose the most illuminated area. Soil moisture is also very important, so lowlands or inter-row spaces in other beds are often set aside for legumes, which makes maintenance easier. The structure of the soil is not important; beans can grow even on heavy loams, the main thing is that the soil is rich in organic matter. Therefore, agricultural technology for beans, first of all, involves the application of fertilizers. In the fall, compost, manure, mullein or humus are added to the digging. Due to its high nitrogen content, bird droppings are not recommended for beans. And here phosphate fertilizers they need it, so in the fall they enrich the soil with superphosphate.

You can prepare seeds for planting at home. Bean seeds need to be soaked for a couple of minutes before sowing. hot water(about 50 ⁰С) for disinfection. Then it is recommended to treat them with a drug that increases the yield of legumes, for example, Nitrogin. For successful germination and further cultivation the seeds need good moisture, so if you have sandy soil at your dacha and it dries out quickly in the spring, it is better to wet the beans overnight before sowing so that they are saturated with moisture and their dense shell becomes softer.

Video about growing beans

Beans are sowed as early as possible. And you shouldn’t be afraid that night cold snaps can damage the seedlings; they can withstand even frosts down to -4⁰C. Main advantage early sowing– This is moist soil that promotes rapid germination. In addition, further care will not require frequent watering.

Bob is the master of the garden

There’s a whole list of benefits from growing legumes in the country! And this is not only a harvest of healthy, nutritious and, most importantly, environmentally friendly product. It’s not for nothing that beans are considered the master of the garden, because they bring considerable benefits to the soil, neighboring crops, and next year’s plantings.

Video about planting and care

It should be noted the main reasons why growing them in your dacha is necessary:

1. Legumes enrich the soil with nitrogen, which means they eliminate the need to use artificial mineral fertilizers.
2. Beans are considered reliable protectors; during cultivation, they release phytoncides that suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungal infections.
3. Planting beans improves soil structure and grows successfully even in heavy, poorly drained soil.
4. They help get rid of moles - invisible, but very annoying pests that complicate the care of garden beds. It is enough to sow them around the beds and the moles will no longer be attracted to your vegetables or berries.
5. Also, the cultivation of these plants is often used as green manure, sowing them mixed with mustard, rye or lupine.

As you can see, there are many benefits from beans, and agricultural technology and care for them are simple, so be sure to sow several rows in your dacha next spring!