Linden - genus woody plants, trees or large shrubs belonging to the Linden family. Modern botanists consider the genus as a subfamily in the Malvaceae family. In nature, the linden tree grows in temperate and subtropical zones, in deciduous and mixed forests in the territory North America, Europe, Asia. When the linden blossoms, the forests are filled with the aroma of honey, and the air is filled with the buzz of bees.

Since ancient times, linden has been valued for its presence healing properties and used as a powerful medicine. The benefits of linden for human health are so strong that even in modern world, when the pharmaceutical industry is quite developed, linden is used to treat the most various diseases. In medicine they use: linden buds and flowers, bark, linden honey.

On our website there is a detailed article about the medicinal properties, contraindications and collection.

Linden trees are large deciduous trees up to 40 meters high. It’s nice to see what a linden tree looks like: a dense, beautiful, dense crown that can be easily molded, pleasing to the eye. Linden leaves are simple, alternate, heart-shaped, with notches along the edge, and pointed. In addition to the beautiful crown, linden has fragrant flowers, lemon-colored, collected in corymbose inflorescences.

Linden blooms for two weeks in July. The tree blooms in natural conditions in the 20th year of life, and in plantations - only after 30 years. During the time of linden blossom, the air is filled with a light, delicate honey aroma, which is felt far beyond the linden gardens and parks.

Linden fruits are single-seeded nuts. The seeds are tiny, the size of a pea. The fruits and nuts are collected several at a time on separate stems. Each such stem is equipped with a special wing, thin and quite wide. This wing helps the seeds disperse over long distances. It is easy to remember what a linden tree looks like; it can always be distinguished from other trees. In summer, along the heart-shaped leaves, in early spring along crimson young branches with buds, silky bark. Root system trees strong, deep.

Plants can reach a considerable age, but to the question: “How many years does a linden tree live?” there is no clear answer. There are linden trees that are up to 800 and even 1000 years old. In forests where linden grows, other plants also thrive, since the falling foliage of linden trees represents nutrient fertilizer. In addition, linden is a famous honey plant. Linden honey is considered one of the best.

Types and varieties

There are about 45 species and over 100 hybrid varieties linden trees The most common: heart-shaped linden or small-leaved linden, large-leaved linden, Amur linden, felt linden or downy linden, Siberian linden, European linden, bush linden.

American (black)

American linden

American linden or black linden is a heat-loving tree up to 40 meters high. The crown is wide, oval, the bark is inky black. The leaves are oval-shaped, wide, up to 20 cm long, heart-shaped at the base, with notches along the edges. The flowers are large, collected in drooping inflorescences of 6-15 pieces, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Representatives of this species grow rather slowly.

Amurskaya

Amur linden

Amur linden is a graceful tree up to 30 meters high. The crown is dense, compact, oval in shape. The bark of young plants is glossy, brownish-purple, while in adults it is dark smoky, with longitudinal cracks. The leaves are shaped like a heart, with grooves along the edges, up to 7 cm long. Fragrant flowers milky or lemon-colored flowers are collected in inflorescences of 5-15 pieces.

Yellowing "Glenleven"

Linden yellowing

Yellowing linden is decorative tree up to 15 meters high, with a wide pyramidal crown. The bark is rough, smoky in color. The leaves are large, rounded, heart-shaped, olive-colored, with dark veins and a purple-gold “spraying” on top. In autumn, the leaves take on a straw color. Representatives of this species bloom profusely, with fragrant golden flowers. Linden grows quite quickly and prefers dry, well-drained soils. The tree loves sunlight, but can tolerate light partial shade.

To maintain the crown of the yellowing linden in a picturesque condition, it is recommended to prune it at least once every five years.

Felt (silver) or Fluffy

Felt linden

Felt linden or downy linden is a stately tree up to 30 m high. The crown is regular in shape, wide-pyramidal or oval. Silver linden has the main distinctive feature: the leaves of the tree are round, up to 12 cm long, with sharp, unevenly serrated edges, dark olive on top, covered with light down at the beginning of development, white on the underside, covered with villi. In bright sunlight, the edges of the leaf curl slightly, revealing a silvery underside, creating an original contrast of dark green and silver sheen. Closer to autumn, the leaves turn yellow and remain on the tree until winter.

European

Linden

The European linden is a tree up to 40 meters high, the crown of which has a wide oval shape. The leaves are round, with a heart-shaped base. Representatives of this species grow quite quickly.

Caucasian

Caucasian linden

Caucasian linden is a tree up to 40 meters high, with a round or wide ovoid crown. Young shoots of Caucasian linden are purple-red. The leaves are large (up to 14 cm long), wide, oval. The upper side of the leaves is dark green, the back side is dark gray, with tufts of whitish hairs near the veins. Drooping inflorescences with light yellow flowers. Flowering is abundant.

https://youtu.be/JVlLpRyGVCA

Large-leaved or flat-leaved

Large-leaved linden

Large-leaved linden (planophylla linden) is a tree up to 35 meters high and up to 20 meters wide. The crown of the large-leaved linden is initially conical or wide, ovoid, later rounded. The main branches are vertical, the side shoots are horizontal. Broadleaf linden has large leaves that bloom 14 days later than small-leaved linden, but it pleases with flowering two weeks earlier. The flowers are lemon-milky, collected in inflorescences of 2-5 pieces.

Manchurian

Manchurian linden

Manchurian linden is a tree up to 20 meters high. The crown is regular in shape, round. Representatives of this species are similar to specimens of the Amur linden, but differ in larger leaves and flowers. The flowering is beautiful and abundant.

Small-leaved (heart-shaped)

small-leaved linden

Small-leaved or heart-shaped linden (tilia cordata) is a tree up to 30 meters high and up to 15 meters wide. Small-leaved linden has synonymous names: lutoshka, bastweed, lubnyak. The crown of the tree is initially conical, later ovoid. The main branches grow diagonally or vertically, the side shoots bend and hang down at the bottom of the crown.

The heart-shaped linden has glossy green leaves, dark gray on the back, with a serrated edge. In autumn, the cordifolia linden delights the eye with beautiful light lemon leaves. Young branches of representatives of the species are covered with satin bark, while old ones are covered with deeply cracking bark of a smoky gray color. The flowers are fragrant, with bracts, light straw color, collected in semi-umbrellas. The fruit is a nut with one seed. It blooms in July, the fruits ripen in October. One of the common varieties of this species, bred specifically for urban landscaping, is the small-leaved linden variety Greenspire.

An advantageous feature of the Greenspire variety is that representatives of the variety grow two times less in height than the species small-leaved linden. They have a more compact and dense crown and are better tolerated low humidity air and soil.

Ordinary

Linden

The common linden is an elegant tree up to 40 meters high, a natural hybrid of the small-leaved linden and the large-leaved linden. The crown of the tree is wide, shaped like a pyramid. The flowering time begins in July.

Siberian

Siberian linden

Siberian linden is a tree up to 25 meters high. The bark of old trunks is dark and cracked. Young shoots are dark purple or brown-amber, glabrous, with small rounded lentils. The tree blooms in the second half of July, flowering lasts two weeks. Linden honey is light, almost white, with a delicate aroma of linden flowers, of excellent quality. Refers to the best varieties. It differs from others in its late flowering and high winter hardiness.

Japanese

Japanese linden

Japanese linden is a tree up to 20 meters high. It grows in East Asia, in deciduous subtropical forests. Young bark is smooth, brown, old bark is furrowed, dark. The crown is located high, compact, oval in shape. The leaves are small, 5-7 cm, oval, olive on the outside, gray on the inside, with hairs at the corners of the veins. Flowering occurs in July or August for 14 days. The flowers are tiny, collected in large numbers in drooping inflorescences. The fruits, which ripen by September, are round, smooth, downy nuts. Representatives of this species grow rather slowly. The species is frost-resistant and is an exclusively honey-bearing plant. Japanese linden tea has proven itself as a flavored green tea.

Care

Linden lives longer if you follow some rules for caring for it. Trees can suffer from drought, so regular and proper watering is very important in hot, dry summers.

After planting plant seedlings and during the first two years of their development and growth, it is necessary to add nitrogen fertilizers to the soil.

The culture tolerates shade, so it can be planted in secluded areas of the garden.

Trees grow well on fertile, well-drained soils, do not tolerate soils with accumulated harmful salts, and develop better on lands containing lime (from neutral to alkaline). The plant's root system is sensitive to compaction.

Trees can withstand frost and quickly adapt to changing climatic conditions. Trees are pruned a year after planting, in the spring, shortened by 1/3 to form side shoots, and in the fall the overgrown linden is trimmed. The culture reaches full development only by the age of 20-40.

Diseases and pests

The plant is quite resistant to diseases and pests. Unfavorable growing conditions can provoke diseases. Diseases most often affecting the tree: holey and black spot (control methods: burning fallen fruits and leaves as sources of infection, treating shoots with 1% Bordeaux mixture), white rot (copper-containing preparations are used for control).

Pests that can harm a tree: bugs, scale insects, silkworms, gall mites, bark beetles, chimney beetles and others. To combat these pests, young plants are sprayed with insecticides. In addition to insects, birds and rodents can harm the crop.

Planting linden

The tree reproduces both by seeds and vegetatively (by layering, shoots, cuttings, grafting). To plant linden in hedges on a site, it is better to propagate it by layering.

Trees are planted in hedges in a line, wave, or checkerboard pattern. Seedlings and seeds can be purchased at garden centers or ordered online.

From seedlings

Before planting, you should decide on the final location, height and shape of the tree crown. Too dense planting of plants inhibits their development, leads to the creation of an unfavorable microclimate with stagnant air, reduces the penetration of sunlight, and makes trees susceptible to the effects of diseases and pests. If you place the plant in water for a couple of hours before planting, it will better withstand the lack of water during planting and the further growth process.

Before planting a seedling, the soil must be prepared in advance by fertilizing and hilling. It is necessary to check whether the soil is too moist or frozen. Linden is quite tolerant of slight damage to the root system, but, nevertheless, planting is done carefully.

First of all, a planting hole with a depth of at least 50 cm is dug for seedlings. When digging a planting hole, the volume of the root system is taken into account, so that it fits freely in the hole, and the lateral root branches do not break or be pinched. It is recommended to remove the top fertile layer of soil and put it aside separately from the main body of soil, so that after digging the planting hole, it can be placed in its original place. The bottom of the planting hole should be well loosened with a shovel or pitchfork, then a drainage layer should be laid. This could be pebbles, crushed stone or broken brick.

Compost is added, into which drilling flour and superphosphate are mixed. Under no circumstances should fresh manure be introduced. Compost plays a significant role in the exchange of nutrients in the garden and is one of the best and cheapest sources of humus.

Waste that cannot rot is not suitable for compost: artificial materials various types, rubber, metal objects or glass.

Suitable for compost: crushed grass stems, cut branches of trees, bushes, bark. They use kitchen waste: peels and trimmings of vegetables and fruits, coffee grounds, crushed eggshells. Over time, soils become depleted and unless additional organic or inorganic fertilizers are added, soil fertility will be greatly reduced.

In the process of planting plants, sometimes you have to deal with a situation where the roots are firmly attached to the surrounding lump of earth. In such a situation, it is necessary to remove dead or damaged parts of the roots by smoothly cutting them off at the main root system, shortening only those sections and branches that are too long and do not fit in the prepared hole. Before planting, the root ball of the seedlings must be well watered. After this, the seedling is lowered into the hole and covered with a soil mixture: turf soil, humus, sand. The root collar of the seedling is placed at soil level, maybe a little lower. After planting, an irrigation circle with a mound 5 cm high is formed around the seedling. The cup-shaped hole around the seedling is filled with rotted manure or covered with a mulch layer. This will protect the soil from excessive drying out and provide seedlings with nutrients. After planting, the plants are watered abundantly. After the earth settles, it is recommended to strengthen the tree with a supporting wooden stake.

Seeds

Propagation of linden by seeds is a long process: from the moment of sowing to the production of a young tree it can take about 12 years. Before planting, tree seeds are subjected to stratification (keeping in the cold). To do this, the seeds are poured into a box with damp sand or sawdust and placed in a cool, dark place for six months. Periodically, the contents of the box are moistened. The second method of stratification: seeds are placed to a depth of 3 cm in a mixture of peat and sand (1:1). If the seeds are dried before planting, they most likely will not sprout. It is recommended to move them into the ground without clearing the substrate in which they were located, so as not to damage them and preserve the formed microflora. In the spring, the seeds are sown in open soil, fertile and loose, the strongest of them will germinate.

To obtain seedlings that are guaranteed to take root in open ground, linden seedlings are grown indoors. The seeds are planted in rows, the distance between which should be about 15 - 20 cm. They are buried in the soil by about 1 cm and covered with a layer of earth, lightly compacting it and moistening it. The seed trays are then covered with a plastic lid or film. In diffused light and air temperature +18...+22°C, seedlings should appear no earlier than 14 days later.

Plantings are watered regularly, trying to keep the soil slightly moist. The germination rate of linden seeds, unfortunately, is quite low. Plants appear slowly and not at the same time. The film or glass cover is periodically removed during seed germination to remove condensation formed on it. When a large number of sprouts appear, the covering begins to be removed for a couple of hours a day, gradually increasing the time the sprouts are without covering material. During the entire germination period, it is important to maintain a constant air temperature of approximately +20...+23°C, allowing a sufficient amount of diffused sunlight to penetrate the plants.

Caring for seedlings involves timely watering and careful loosening of the soil. At first, it is necessary to prevent direct sunlight from hitting the seedlings - elevated temperature air and rapid evaporation of moisture will inevitably lead to the death of seedlings. 2 - 3 weeks after the emergence of seedlings, they need to be thinned out, removing weak specimens. To prevent plants from interfering with each other’s further growth, they are planted in separate containers, that is, they are planted.

Linden seedlings do not tolerate transplantation well, so this procedure must be carried out in compliance with a number of conditions. Transplantation is carried out in soil of a similar composition and together with a lump of moist soil in order to minimize the possibility of damage to the roots. It is best to use peat pots, in which you can later plant seedlings in open ground.

The end of spring or the beginning of summer is a favorable period for planting seedlings on the site, when warm weather finally sets in.

Linden is a fairly unassuming tree and can grow in almost any soil, but for young seedlings it is recommended to choose a more fertile plot of land. The lighting on it should be bright enough, but without direct sunlight during the midday hours, which is especially important for the southern regions.

When growing seedlings, it is necessary to remember that linden loves moisture; it is advisable not to allow the soil to dry out for a long time. It is also necessary to regularly loosen the soil and remove weeds. On permanent place transplant seedlings 1-2 years old, preferably in the autumn.

Family: mallow, or linden (Tiliaceae).

Motherland

In nature, linden grows in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere; plants are widespread in the zone of deciduous and mixed forests in North America, Europe, and Asia. The genus "Linden" has about 40 species.

Form: deciduous tree.

Description

Linden trees are large deciduous trees with a height of 20 to 40 m, which are widely used in modern green construction. All types of linden trees have a beautiful, thick, easily moldable crown (the diameter of the linden crown is from 2 to 5 m). Linden leaves are simple, alternate, heart-shaped, sharply toothed along the edge and pointed. In addition to their decorative qualities, linden trees are valued for their abundant, fragrant, yellow flowers, collected in corymbose inflorescences; Linden fruits are single-seeded nuts. Linden blossoms usually occur in July. Linden flowers have a number of healing properties. The root system of linden trees is powerful and deep. Plants are durable and resilient. In addition, linden is a honey plant; Linden honey is considered one of the best. The plants are notable for the fact that they belong to soil-improving species - linden leaves containing a large number of calcium, after falling they saturate the soil with nutrients.

Small-leaved linden , or linden heart-shaped (T. cordata). Tree 20 to 30 m tall and 10 to 15 m wide. The crown of small-leaved linden is initially conical, later ovoid. The main branches of the plant grow diagonally or vertically, the side shoots bend and hang down at the bottom of the crown. The leaves are heart-shaped, dark green on top, sometimes shiny, bluish on the back. In autumn, the leaves of the heart-shaped linden take on a beautiful light yellow color.

Japanese linden (T. japonica). Tree up to 20 m tall. Japanese linden is different abundant flowering, later than in other linden species. It is better to plant the plant on the south side of the site.

(T. platyphyllos). Tree 30 to 35 m tall and 15 to 20 m wide. The crown of the large-leaved linden is initially conical or broadly ovoid, later rounded. The main branches are vertical, the side shoots are horizontal. The leaves of the large-leaved linden bloom two weeks later than those of the small-leaved linden, but begin to bloom two weeks earlier. The flowers are yellowish-cream, collected in inflorescences of 2-5 pieces.

Amur linden (T. amurensis). A slender tree from 25 to 30 m tall with an oval compact dense crown. The bark of young plants is smooth, brownish-red; in adults it is dark gray, with longitudinal cracks. The leaves are heart-shaped, sharp-toothed, up to 7 cm long. The flowers are pale cream or yellowish, collected in inflorescences of 5-15 pieces, and have a strong aroma.

Linden (T. vulgaris). A natural hybrid of small-leaved linden and large-leaved linden. Common linden is a slender tree up to 40 m tall with a wide pyramidal crown. Blooms in July.

Manchurian linden (T. mandshurica). Very beautiful and plentiful Blooming tree up to 20 m high. The crown is of the correct shape. Very similar to the Amur linden, but differs in larger leaves and flowers.

American linden , or black linden (T. americana). Tree up to 40 m tall with a broadly ovate crown and dark, almost black bark. The bark of the American linden is almost black. The leaves are broadly oval, up to 20 cm long, heart-shaped and toothed at the base. The flowers are large (up to 1.5 cm in diameter), collected in inflorescences of 6-15 pieces. Black linden inflorescences are drooping. It grows relatively slowly. Heat-loving species.

(T. caucasica). Tree up to 40 m tall with a rounded or broadly ovate crown. Young shoots of Caucasian linden are purple-red. The leaves are large (up to 14 cm long), broadly oval. The upper side of the leaves is dark green, the back side is bluish, with tufts of whitish hairs near the veins. Drooping inflorescences with light yellow flowers. Flowering is abundant.

Linden (T. europaea). Tree 25 to 40 m tall and 10 to 15 m wide with a broadly ovate crown. The leaves are rounded-ovate with a heart-shaped base. Blooms for 10-17 days. The European linden grows quickly.

Siberian linden (T. sibirica). Tree up to 25 m tall. The growth rate of Siberian linden is average.

Felt linden , or silver linden (T. tomentosa). A slender tree up to 30 m tall, with silvery foliage and a regular, wide-pyramidal or oval crown. Home distinctive feature Tomentose linden leaves are: round, up to 12 cm long, dark green on top, slightly fluffy at the beginning of development, whitish-tomentose on the underside, on tomentose-pubescent petioles. In bright sunlight the edges of the leaf curl up to show the silvery underside.

Growing conditions

The linden tree is one of the most shade-tolerant, so the plants can be planted in shaded areas of the garden. Linden trees prefer fertile, good substrates; As a rule, they do not tolerate salinity and develop better on soils containing lime (from to ). The linden root system is sensitive to compaction. In general, growing linden does not cause much trouble, since the plants are frost-resistant, shade-tolerant, and quickly adapt.

Application

Linden will always look impressive on summer cottage. Linden trees are used in group, mixed, alley plantings, and to create hedges (small-leaved linden or cordate linden are best suited for creating). Different types of lindens go well with many plants; they look beautiful with deciduous trees such as oak, beech, mackerel and others.

Care

Linden is a plant that does not require special care. Trees can suffer from drought, so they need to be watered during hot, dry summers. During the first two years after planting, it is recommended to feed linden seedlings with nitrogen fertilizers.

Reproduction

Linden reproduces both by seeds and vegetatively (,). For planting in hedges, linden trees are best propagated by layering. Planting linden in hedges can be lined, wavy, or in a checkerboard pattern.

You can buy linden seedlings and linden seeds at. Linden seedlings can also be ordered online.

Diseases and pests

Linden is a resistant plant; rarely affected by diseases and pests. Linden diseases can be caused unfavorable conditions growth.

Popular varieties

Varieties of small-leaved linden

‘Erecta’. A medium-sized tree, 15 to 18 m tall and 5 to 10 m wide. The crown of small-leaved linden ‘Erecta’ is initially broadly columnar, gradually becoming ovoid. Branches grow diagonally or vertically. The ‘Erecta’ variety is smaller and narrower than the species form of the plant. Linden leaves ‘Erecta’ are bluish below.

'Greenspire'. A fast-growing tree of medium size, up to 15-18 m tall and from 6 to 12 m wide. The crown is dense, compact, conical, later becoming broadly ovoid. The leaves of linden 'Greenspire' are small, round-ovate, shiny, bluish below.

'Rancho'. A slow growing tree, 9 to 12 m tall and 4 to 6 m wide. The crown is initially narrow-ovoid, later conical, symmetrical, and compact. The branches of the linden variety ‘Rancho’ grow vertically. The leaves of Linden 'Rancho' are small, round-ovate, shiny.

Felt or silver linden variety'Brabant'. Tree up to 20-25 m tall and 12 to 15 m wide with vertically growing branches. The crown of the linden 'Brabant' is initially compact and cone-shaped, later becoming wider.

Linden variety 'Pallida'. Powerful, fast-growing tree up to 30-40 m tall and 10 to 15 m wide with a conical crown. Linden 'Pallida' branches grow diagonally upward, side shoots grow horizontally or vertically. In autumn the shoots turn red. The leaves of linden ‘Pallida’ are large, bloom early and stay on the plant for a long time.

Large-leaved linden variety 'Rubra'. A very graceful tree up to 30-40 m tall and up to 20 m wide with a wide-conical or ovoid crown. In winter, the shoots of linden 'Rubra' turn coral red.

General information about the plant and the height of the linden tree.

Botanical name: European linden, or heart-shaped linden, or small-leaved linden, (Tilia cordata) - genus Linden, family Linden.

The homeland of the cordate linden: Europe.

Lighting: light-loving, shade-tolerant.

Soil: drained, moist.

Watering: plentiful.

Maximum tree height: 30 m.

Average life expectancy: 150 years, some individuals live up to 1200 years.

Planting: seeds.

Description of the heart-shaped linden tree

Large deciduous tree up to 30m high. The crown is wide, tent-shaped. The trunk is straight, reaching up to 2 - 5 m in diameter.

The bark is gray, fissured. Young shoots are light brown, pubescent, older shoots are dark, glabrous. The buds are oval, at first densely pubescent, then glabrous, 4-5 mm long.

The leaves of the linden tree are heart-shaped, which is how the plant got its name. The leaves are simple, alternate, rounded, elongated, the edge is serrated, the apex is pointed. Dark green above, hairy, light below, densely pubescent with bristly hairs, up to 17 cm long and 19 cm wide. They are supported by thin petioles 3-5 cm long. Young leaves have stipules that quickly fall off.

The inflorescence consists of 3-8 flowers. The buds are spherical, 3–4 mm in diameter, slightly pubescent, yellowish, regular in shape. The inflorescence is located on the axis to which the pre-flowering leaf is attached. The leaf grows together with the petiole, and the inflorescence itself emerges from its middle, so linden flowers are collected together with the pre-flowering leaf.

When does linden bloom?

When linden blossoms, the air is filled with a strong, pleasant aroma. Flowering begins in June and lasts 10-15 days. In hot, dry weather it fades faster.

The fruits are round, elongated, small nuts, with a dense shell, sometimes with grooves, 7-10 mm long, 6-9 mm wide. The fruit contains a seed inside. Fruiting begins in August – September. European linden is frost-resistant. Able to withstand frosts down to - 40⁰C. The photo of the heart-shaped linden clearly shows unusual, peculiar leaves, which are a distinctive feature of this tree.

Distribution of the small-leaved linden plant

The linden plant is native to Europe and southeast Asia. Found in middle lane Russia. Settles in mixed, broad-leaved and coniferous-deciduous forests.

It grows in a mixture with other species, often adjacent to oak. In the southern Cis-Ural region there are numerous linden forests. In Berlin there is a long linden alley called Unter den Linden, which means “under the linden trees.”

Planting a linden tree

Small-leaved linden (heart-shaped) can grow equally well in lighted areas and shady areas. Prefers leached, drained, moderately moist, structured soils. Own fallen leaves improve the properties of the soil.

Linden is grown from seeds. Under natural conditions, seeds falling into the soil are stored in it for about a year and germinate the following spring. For normal germination, linden seeds are stratified, cooled and soaked. To do this, they are placed in damp sand and stored there for up to 5 months at a temperature of 0°C. For high germination, all stratification conditions must be met. In spring, seeds are planted in moist soil and provided with abundant watering. Autumn planting seeds do not require preliminary stratification, but germination in this case may be low.

Sowing seeds can be replaced by transplanting linden seedlings, which often begin to grow near old individuals. Seedlings are dug up in the forest or forest belt. They can be recognized by their cotyledons, which have a lobed shape. They can easily tolerate transplantation, especially if it is done in wet weather. The area for planting seedlings must be fertilized with humus. Planting pits must be at least 60 cm deep. Humus or compost is poured onto the bottom. The seedling placed in the hole is covered with earth and watered abundantly.

When planting in groups, you need to leave a distance of 3-4 m between plants. The root collar should be on its surface after the soil settles. Turf, sand and humus are used as soil mixture. A drainage layer of crushed stone, 20 cm high, is required. In early spring, additional feeding mullein, urea and ammonium nitrate. The first week after planting, abundant watering is required. During the dry period, young seedlings need frequent and abundant watering. Adults do not need watering.

Linden seedlings can be bought at the nursery. They can be large, reaching up to 5 m in height, or ordinary seedlings up to 2 m. The seedlings should be lumpy, with the root collar located on the surface of the lumen. When purchasing, you should check the roots of the seedling. They must be strong and healthy. Seedlings are selected based on their appearance, with the correct crown and no signs of damage or disease.

Pests and diseases

Diseases: white rot, seed mold, leaf spot.

Pests: soldier bug, yellow-throated mouse, silver hole, gypsy moth, birch and winter moths, bark beetles, goldenrod, woodcutter, leaf roller, goldentail.

Characteristics of linden for use in medicine

Linden tree is used in folk medicine from ancient times. The Slavs used the charcoal from this tree to heal wounds and treat the gastrointestinal tract. The mucus of boiled linden bark was used to treat burns. A decoction of fresh buds and leaves was used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Powder from dry crushed leaves was used for nosebleeds, linden nuts served to stop internal bleeding. An infusion of linden flowers was an excellent diaphoretic and was also used for colds and fainting. All parts of the plant were considered medicinal.

In modern scientific medicine, linden flowers and pre-flowers are used and used as a diaphoretic. An infusion of flowers is recommended for rinsing the mouth for inflammation of the gums, and the throat for sore throat. Linden tea effectively treats colds, flu, sore throat, and pneumonia.

Decoctions, infusions and teas are prepared from the flowers. The drink made from linden flowers has a pleasant aroma and sweet taste. In addition, lotions and compresses are made from linden flowers. For nervous disorders and increased excitability Baths with the addition of linden infusion are recommended. Such a bath not only calms the nervous system, but also has a beneficial effect on the entire body as a whole.

Linden infusion helps reduce facial skin oiliness and should be used to wipe the skin regularly. Linden flower tea has a diuretic effect and heals urolithiasis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, hypertension.

Linden fruits are collected, crushed and used as a hemostatic agent for external and internal bleeding.

Tea is brewed from linden bark, which has choleretic and diaphoretic properties and increases the body's protective functions.

Linden charcoal is used for diarrhea, dysentery and other diseases of the stomach and intestines. It is obtained from wood and tree branches.

Linden tea has a number of contraindications. It puts additional stress on the heart, so it should be used with caution. When drinking linden tea, you should remember that it is primarily a medicinal drink, so it cannot replace regular teas.

Collection and preparation of raw materials and leaves of linden trees

Flowers are collected during the flowering period, when a significant part of them has blossomed, and the rest is in buds. The collection of raw materials continues for 10-14 days. Inflorescences damaged by diseases and pests cannot be collected. You cannot collect flowers that have not dried after rain or dew, as they will turn brown when dried. The collected inflorescences are dried in attics or in a well-ventilated area, spread out in an even layer of 4-5 cm on paper. Drying in the sun is not recommended, as this leads to loss of quality of the raw material. In warm, dry weather, the flowers dry out in 5 days. Drying stops when the flower stalks become brittle. The shelf life of raw materials is 2 years. Dried flowers have a weak, pleasant aroma. The taste is sweetish, astringent.

The buds are collected in the spring in dry weather. Dry in dryers or under a canopy. Shelf life: 2 years.

The bark is harvested in early spring before flowering or at the end of autumn. It is dried, ground into powder and brewed as tea. Shelf life: 3 years.

The leaves are collected fresh along with the buds. Dry under a canopy. Shelf life: 2 years.

The smell of linden and linden honey

During flowering strong smell linden trees spread over long distances. This smell attracts bees. Linden is an excellent honey plant; the honey of this plant is very healthy, transparent and sweet in taste. For colds, complex treatment with honey and tea from this tree is recommended.

There are 17 million flowers per 1 hectare of linden forest, from which up to 1.5 tons of nectar can be collected. One bee colony collects up to 5 kg of honey per day from a tree.

Use of linden in the old days

Having studied the pages of history, one can be convinced that beekeeping was one of the most widespread and important crafts among the ancient Slavs. Honey and wax have been exported from Russia for many years. Linden honey in combs was used to treat colds. Skin diseases were treated with honey.

Peasants used linden to weave shoes. This is where the saying comes from: “the linden tree feeds, it puts on shoes.” Since bast bast shoes wore out quickly, one person needed up to 40 pairs of such braids per year. They also made mats, ropes, boxes, and coolies from linden.

Quivers for arrows were woven from linden bast and military shields were made.

Initially soft linden wood, when dried, becomes very hard. This property made it possible to use it in everyday life. Kitchen utensils, ladles, cups, jars, carts, sleighs, carved frames, souvenirs, and toys were made from wood. Baths and barns were cut from linden trees. Linden barns were not damaged by rodents, baths made of this wood kept warm for a long time.

From time immemorial, it was customary to steam in a Russian bath with a linden broom. Houses for ablution were built from the same wood, shelves and benches, washcloths and other bath accessories were made. In the Russian bathhouse there was traditionally a vat of linden kvass and ladles of linden honey. While relaxing, the steamers drank mead and linden tea.

Linden fruits and flowers in cosmetology

Linden blossom is used in cosmetology for skin and hair care. Thanks to its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, it deeply cleanses the skin, eliminates inflammation, has a calming effect, does not dry out or irritate the skin.

Steam baths are used to care for normal and oily skin. For dry skin, decoctions of linden blossom and linden fruit are used.

In addition, linden is good remedy hair care. It can be used to make a natural rinse that can be used after every hair wash.

Application in construction

Linden lining looks unusual and very beautiful, it is durable, resistant to temperature changes, and tolerates well high humidity air, light weight, easy to install. Used for interior lining of saunas and baths.

The wood of this tree is often used to build baths. It is easy to process, retains heat for a long time and fills the bathhouse with a pleasant aroma. Is an excellent material for interior decoration, because it doesn't burn.

The linden tree was considered sacred by the ancient Slavs. He was associated with the goddess of love - Lada, who personified happiness, beauty and grace.

Linden has a soft but strong energy. She absorbs negative energy, relieves depression and depression, restores vitality. Contact with wood creates a feeling of peace, warmth, and inner harmony.

Linden was a favorite plant in village estates. Today, in different parts of Russia, centuries-old linden trees can be found on the site of ancient parks. For example, in the village of Mikhailovskoye, an entire linden alley has been preserved, where A. Kern loved to walk. The linden alley in Yasnaya Polyana, associated with the name of L.N. Tolstoy, has also been preserved.

Description of the European linden

European linden (Tilia europea) is an ornamental, deciduous tree with an oval crown, reaching up to 40 m in height. Grows in Western Europe. The crown diameter is 20 m. The upper branches are directed upward, the middle ones are horizontal, the lower ones hang down. The trunk diameter is 2 m. The leaves are heart-shaped, round, uneven, with a serrated edge, on a long petiole, dark green above, smooth, light below, up to 6 cm long. In autumn they acquire a yellow color. The flowers are small, yellowish-white, collected in inflorescences of 5-8 pieces, with a light green bract. Flowering begins in June – July. Lasts 10-12 days. The fruits of the European linden are spherical small nuts without ribs.

Has high frost resistance. Shade-tolerant. Sensitive to drought. Tolerates urban conditions well and absorbs dust. Not demanding on soil. Prefers fertile, well-drained areas. Easily tolerates pruning and crown formation.

Used to create parks, alleys, hedges. Tolerates transplantation well. Propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering. Lives up to 500 years. Often adjacent to oak and maple. Has a number decorative forms, the most interesting of which is the European linden, characterized by large 2-3 apical, serrated leaves.

Characteristics of common linden

Linden (Tilia cordata Mill) is a natural hybrid of small-leaved and large-leaved linden. Acquired features of both parents. The height of the tree reaches up to 40 m in height. The crown is dense, wide-pyramidal.

The leaves are large, simple, alternate, heart-shaped, sharp-toothed, with an elongated apex, dark green, up to 8 cm long. The flowers are yellowish-white, small, up to 1 cm in diameter, fragrant, collected in corymbose inflorescences of 3-15 pieces, with membranous bract.

The fruits are small spherical nuts with a diameter of up to 8 mm. Ripen in September. They stay on the tree until winter, then fall off. The tree lives up to 400 years. Winter-hardy. Not demanding on soil. Drought resistant.

Used for landscaping streets and creating hedges. It is planted quite rarely in private gardens due to its excessively large dimensions.

The photo gallery contains photos of the cordate linden and its varieties.

Photo gallery: European linden (click on the image to enlarge):

How does linden blossom? Many people ask themselves this question, because the pleasant, delicate honey aroma attracts and captivates everything around them. Linden is one of the most unpretentious, long-lived trees, which can grow and bloom in one place for up to 500 years.

Linden tolerates different climatic conditions and any care procedures well. Those who want to see a luxurious plant in their yard that blooms luxuriantly should understand that it mainly loves sunny and warm areas.

Linden tree: description

Linden characteristics:

1. The leaves of the tree are oval or heart-shaped. When they bloom, stipules appear on them, which tend to quickly fall off.
2. Flowers are collected in inflorescences in the form of umbrellas. Miniature nut-shaped fruits.
3. Linden has about 40 species, distributed throughout different parts of Europe and Asia. Some varieties are found in the Crimea.
4. The linden tree is also popular in Russia: Moscow region, Altai, Caucasus, Central Russia.
5. Most varieties are bred and adapted to bloom in certain climates. They also have certain properties that are necessary to take root in the desired territory.

Timing and characteristics of linden flowering:

• Linden blooms in small inflorescences from June to July. The specific time depends on the climatic conditions of growth.
• Thus, the flowering of trees in the south and north is significantly different- the beginning of June and the end of July, respectively.
• and in the middle zone It begins to bloom from the end of July and continues until the beginning of July.
• There are an average of 7-8 flowers in one inflorescence delicate cream color.
• The tree blooms for 12-14 days. Flowering does not occur quickly.

IN favorable conditions A flowering tree can only be seen 18-20 years after planting.

Why doesn't the linden tree bloom?

It is worth considering that most linden varieties do not tolerate the southern climate well. An incorrectly selected variety may not begin to bloom at all in such regions. Many varieties are also characterized by slow growth, which is often confused with a disease that caused a lack of flowering.

Common reasons for lack of flowering are:

• incorrectly selected variety for certain climate conditions;
• excessive or low soil moisture;
• incorrectly chosen landing site.

The same reasons may also be why the linden tree does not bloom every year.

How to grow more crops?

Any gardener and summer resident is pleased to receive big harvest With large fruits. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to obtain the desired result.

Plants often lack nutrition and useful minerals

It has the following properties:

• Allows increase productivity by 50% in just a few weeks of use.
• You can get a good one harvest even on low-fertility soils and in unfavorable climatic conditions
• Absolutely safe

Linden blossom: collection and preparation

Linden blooms mainly between June and July. Inflorescences are yellowish in the shape of semi-umbrellas. Near the inflorescences there are narrow leaves - bracts. There is a honey aroma that fills the entire street. The smell of linden attracts bees.

When and how to harvest inflorescences?

It is important to take the time of harvest seriously. It is worth picking linden blossoms when most of the flowers are already open, and the rest are at the stage of bud formation.

Rules for collecting linden blossom:

• If you start collecting at a time when the flowers have already begun to fade, then the petals will quickly fall off and will not bring any benefit.
• It is better to collect raw materials in environmentally friendly places or at least in those near which there are no highways or industrial buildings.
• Material collection is carried out only in dry weather. There should be no dew or other moisture on the leaves or flowers.
• It is better to cut the inflorescences with pruning shears or garden scissors. It is not advisable to break them off.
• View before drying collected twigs and remove excess.

How to dry it properly?

To obtain high-quality raw materials, follow the recommendations:

In order for the raw material to dry quickly and dry thoroughly, you need to stir it constantly.

Electric dryers are also used for drying. To prevent linden blossom from losing its properties, use temperature not higher than +38°C.

The finished dried material is stored for 12 months in a cool room. For storage, it is better to choose fabric or paper bags.

Linden honey

Linden honey has a persistent, pleasant aroma. The color of this honey is golden-greenish or white-cream. The color of honey, its quality and taste are influenced by the type of linden and growing conditions.

Many varieties of linden also contain beneficial amino acids.

In addition, linden honey has a positive effect on:

• organs of the respiratory system;
• work of the gastrointestinal tract;
• kidneys;
• liver.

The components of honey improve the functioning and tone the blood vessels and muscles of the heart. Consuming honey has a positive effect on the nervous system and vision. It is also used externally for eczema and burns. The only contraindication to consuming honey is allergic reaction to its components.

Beneficial properties of linden flowers

Linden has been famous for its beneficial and medicinal properties for several centuries:

1. Essential oil linden blossom spreads throughout the room and has a beneficial effect on the human nervous system. Therefore, it is useful not only to drink linden drinks, but also to walk along linden alleys.
2. Linden decoctions and teas They have an analgesic, tonic, and organ stimulating effect. Has anti-inflammatory and diaphoretic effect.
3. Cleanses blood and internal organs from toxins, improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Baths and teas used as a sedative and analgesic.
5. As lotions used for external use for ulcers, burns, and sore joints.
6. Benefits for the female body: the presence of estrogen improves hormonal levels and improves the menstrual cycle. Women also use linden blossom to prepare various cosmetic products.

Contraindications

Linden practically cannot harm the body, but several factors still need to be taken into account:

• Linden drinks should not be consumed daily, as this will cause disruption of the heart muscle.
• Individual intolerance to linden components.

Ways to use linden blossom

To prepare it, you need to pour 2 tbsp into a glass of boiling water. l. linden color. After the drink has stood and infused for 15 minutes, it is ready to drink.

The medicinal properties of the drink will improve your well-being and have healing qualities:

• strengthen the immune system;
• improve complexion;
• help relieve swelling;
• quickly overcome colds and infectious diseases;
• It brings special benefits to the body of pregnant women.

Linden decoction

You will need 400 ml of water and 1-1.5 spoons of linden blossom. The flowers are poured into water and allowed to boil, then kept on low heat for 8-10 minutes. The broth is filtered. The product is used as healing and refreshing drink and as a cosmetic product.

Linden infusion

It is used both as a separate drink and as a therapeutic aid for coughs and colds.

To prepare:

• in 250 ml hot water add 2-3 tbsp. l linden blossom;
• Heat the mixture in a water bath for 15 minutes;
• then leave to cool for 40 minutes;
• After it has cooled, strain well;
• measure the amount of infusion received and add to 250 ml.

Take 200-250 ml 3 times a day after meals.

Areas of application of linden

Linden fruits and flowers in cosmetology

Cosmetology is one of the popular areas of application of linden leaves, honey and fruits.

The rejuvenating function of linden-based products is possible thanks to the special phytohormones it contains:

Cosmetic products have the following properties:

• give the skin elasticity and nourish it;
• eliminate the first wrinkles;
• soothe irritated skin;
• moisturize and rejuvenate;
• tone up.

Linden in construction

The tree is valued as construction material due to properties:

• sands quickly;
• is a natural antiseptic;
• has a low thermal conductivity.

These characteristics are perfect for finishing buildings whose temperature significantly exceeds the average temperature in the room: baths, saunas.

Due to its softness and pliability during grinding, it is ideal as a carving material. Decorative products are of high quality due to the light shade of wood, which practically does not change its color.

The material, although in demand, is considered highly specialized. Also used for making musical instruments, veneer, lining, eurolining.

Types of linden

More than 30 varieties of linden are known in the world.

The most common of them are:

• Common linden. It has the properties and characteristics of large-leaved and small-leaved linden. But there are a few differences. Blooms 2.5 weeks earlier. The crown and trunk grow much faster. Well tolerated reduced temperature and can grow in almost any conditions. Compared to small-leaved linden, the leaves and crown are larger and wider.
• Linden is heart-shaped. It is also called heart-leaved. It grows in the Crimea and the Caucasus, in Russia and Western Europe. It got its name because of the heart-shaped leaves. It grows up to 30 meters, the crown in diameter is up to 15 meters. Flowering time depends on the place of growth - June - July. The flowers are small, up to 6-7 in one inflorescence. Resistant to drought and frost. One tree can live up to 400-500 years.
• Linden flat-leaved. Grows up to 40 meters. It blooms a little later than ordinary linden varieties. The tree grows mainly in Moldova, Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central, Southern and Western Europe. Mainly used for landscaping and landscaping.
• Felt linden. It grows mainly in the Balkans, Ukraine, Asia Minor, and Western Europe. It is also found in the Crimea and the Caucasus. Best neighbors for felt linden there will be oak, maple, clear. Can grow up to 32 meters, both crown and trunk have correct form. The young bark is smooth to the touch and has a dark gray tint. Linden leaves are slightly pointed, up to 8 cm long. It blooms in July, the flowers are light cream in color. When growing, it tolerates both light and shaded areas. A healthy tree can live up to 200 years.

Linden

Heart-shaped linden

Linden flat-leaved

Felt linden

Conclusion

Linden has become a traditional tree in many countries. Its benefits are difficult to overestimate, since it is used in folk medicine, cosmetology, perfumery, construction, and landscape design.

Linden and its components have been famous for several centuries. Not a single holiday of our ancestors took place without drinks based on linden and honey. The plant personified the goddess of love Lada.

The linden tree is remembered in almost every dream book:

• So, if you dream of a felled linden tree- this indicates the insincere feelings of the people who are nearby.
• Climb a tree- the dream will come true soon.
• Drink linden blossom tea- talks about good health and new strength.
• Break a linden branch in a dream means forgetting about a quiet life.

Linden blossoms begin when fruit trees for the most part it has already ended - in the middle or end of June. Many people are looking forward to this event. The air during this period is filled with a unique delicate fragrance. Linden, whose flowering period is so short, is a valuable medicinal raw material. You can stock up on its flowers at this time for the whole year.

Linden: flowering and tree features

The crown of the tree becomes a solid golden ball, emitting a honey aroma. Each inflorescence consists of 10-15 flowers. They have five petals and many stamens. Flowering is so abundant that the branches bend under their weight. growing in most regions of Russia, it has a spreading, wide crown. Sometimes these stand alone, but more often - together with maple, oak and ash, as well as other tree species. At first, the linden tree, which begins to flower only between ten and twenty years, grows very slowly. The process speeds up a little if the tree is in an open area.

Linden: flowering and value as a honey plant

It is estimated that a hectare of forest consisting entirely of these middle-aged trees can produce about a ton of sweet nectar in two weeks. This is a real paradise for bees. has a number of healing properties for which it is highly valued. Scientists have noticed that linden trees have reduced nectar production in recent years. You can combat this by planting different varieties at a short distance from each other. Small-leaved and large-leaved (European, Manchurian and others) lindens have different time flowering. By simultaneously growing trees of different varieties in one area, you can increase the amount of nectar that bees will collect. The flowering time of large-leaved linden begins five or eight days earlier than the Amur and Manchurian ones. Having collected different varieties of these trees in one area, you can increase the period during which bees have the opportunity to collect nectar from them from two weeks to four. Thus, apiaries located near linden plantations can be guaranteed to be provided with honey every year, even if one particular variety, due to temperature fluctuations, cannot bloom and provide nectar production in one year.

Linden in cities and towns

Previously, this tree was loved for its flowering, aroma, frost resistance and beauty. Nowadays, linden planted in cities helps fight gas pollution. Lush foliage absorbs dust and carbon dioxide. Hundreds of cubic meters of oxygen released by linden trees revitalize the city's atmosphere. If you plant in parks and gardens different types linden trees, the varying lengths of the growing season will provide vibrant greenery for most of the year. After all, some of them begin to shed their leaves only at the end of October. Widely known medicinal properties But they will only appear if the raw materials are harvested in an environmentally friendly area. Therefore, it is not recommended to collect linden blossoms in cities and along highways.