Types of residential buildings. Separation of functional areas in the house: techniques, fashion trends

Many residents of high-rise buildings cherish the dream of one day escaping the bustle of the city and acquiring a cozy mansion closer to nature. Moreover, most of them do not have any plans to build any luxury villas. This is very expensive both in construction and in the further operation of the building, and, by and large, it is not particularly necessary. It is quite possible to organize very good and comfortable housing for a family in a relatively small one-story house. But, of course, if his project is thoroughly thought out in advance.

It should be noted that the layout one-story house- it's not like that simple task. It is required to fit in a fairly limited area everything necessary for comfortable life premises, engineering systems, reasonable and in accordance with current requirements arrange the area around the building. Therefore, most future owners of country houses turn to specialists in search of a solution.

But there are always owners of construction sites who initially prefer to deal with such issues exclusively on their own. And this is not difficult to understand - who, if not the owners, is more likely to want the premises of the house and their location to be as comfortable as possible in Everyday life. To understand some of the nuances associated with house planning and the sequence of this process, this publication will provide useful recommendations.

First of all, you need to be well aware that a house project should be developed only after a plot has been acquired and a soil study has been carried out. The resulting picture will determine what material can be used to construct the building and on what foundation it will be erected.

It would seem - what is the connection? And everything is quite obvious - on certain soils you have to resort to using a pile foundation. And this circumstance, in turn, means that you don’t have to rely on basement or basement premises. But this is already serious! IN favorable conditions the basement, although remaining uninhabited, is still capable of taking on a lot of useful functions. So everything, including the necessary technical premises, will have to be distributed exclusively within one floor.

The next point that needs to be carefully thought through is the location of the house on the site. There are several important factors to consider here:

If the possibility of connecting the house to central communications (gas supply, water supply, sewerage) is being considered, then it is recommended to plan the installation of the house in such a way as to minimize the costs of both design and implementation installation work.
If the sewage system is supposed to be made autonomous (which most often happens in suburban conditions), then it is necessary to think in advance about the location of the septic tank. There are strict requirements in this regard, failure to comply with which can lead to very serious troubles both with neighbors and with environmental protection and sanitary-epidemiological control organizations. At the same time, the location of the septic tank must provide access routes for special equipment for its periodic maintenance.

If there is no desire to initially “plant a time bomb” in relations with neighbors on the site, it is necessary to plan the placement of buildings in accordance with some important rules. Thus, a residential building, as well as adjacent buildings and even some green spaces must be located at a certain distance from the fence separating the plots.

Another factor to consider is initial stage planning, is the so-called “wind rose” in the area where the house will be built. This is especially important on open areas that do not have natural or artificial barriers to the wind. If the entrance area or veranda is located on the windward side, then they will constantly be flooded with rain, covered with snow in winter, and in the fall with falling leaves. In addition, when temperatures change, for example, if it rained in the evening and frost hit in the morning, then dangerous ice forms in front of the door.

The approximate possible area of the house is determined, taking into account all the above parameters for the location of the building.
And based on the available possibilities, the number of rooms, their sizes and purpose are planned.

So everything is very interconnected and general planning at home requires a comprehensive look at the problem.

The difficult task of planning a suburban area
Having received a site for construction at your disposal, you need to think through its rational use to the smallest detail. Some important aspects are covered in detail in a special publication on our portal.

Features of one-story construction

The construction of a one-story house has many advantages over the construction of buildings with two or more floors. It is quite obvious that it will take much less time and will not require as much effort and material costs.

One-story buildings differ more high reliability and level of security. Of course, when developing a project, there are certain limitations on the ability to fulfill all your desires for organizing living space. But usually the average family can live quite comfortably in a one-story house. If the number of residents requiring separate premises is large, then it is still possible to expand the area of a one-story building using equipment warm attic, which will only slightly make the construction heavier.

And that’s why one-story houses are invariably popular. By the way, they look great in the overall design of the site and are in harmony with the surrounding natural landscape.

It is clear that serious work needs to be done on the distribution of the internal area of the building, since the house must meet the needs of all family members and remain comfortable for living. If at the first stages of planning there is no established idea of how the rooms inside the house can be distributed, then it makes sense to familiarize yourself with ready-made projects which have already been implemented.

One-story houses, of course, can have both advantages and disadvantages in their layout. Therefore, in order not to subsequently encounter inconveniences during your stay, you should choose an option that will suit all residents of the house.

From a financial point of view, when choosing a ready-made one or developing your own project, it is worth considering the following points related to the advantages of a one-story building:

Building a foundation is the most important stage work, the correct calculation and construction of which determines the duration of operation of the entire house. The cost of its arrangement is quite high, especially if it is built on unreliable soils and the project includes ground floor. However, the foundation for a one-story building has a simpler design and will cost much less than the foundation for multi-level private houses.

At the stage of foundation construction, the location and area of future rooms must already be determined, since the base for the walls, including load-bearing partitions, is being built according to the developed project.

The design of the load-bearing walls of a one-story house does not require special reinforcement - it is designed only for the roofing system or attic superstructure. But the walls of the first floor of a two- or more-story building need to be significantly strengthened, since they will bear the load from the walls, ceilings, and roof. This will result in additional costs.
The design of a one-story building is quite simple, so the wiring of all communications, as well as an autonomous heating system, will not be so complicated. Accordingly, less costs will be required for its equipment.

The design of a one-story building eliminates the presence of stairs, which preserves the usable area of the house and reduces the cost of materials and complex installation work. An exception would be a one-story house with an attic - it cannot do without a stationary staircase that is convenient and safe for everyday use.

When drawing up a project for a one-story house, you should also take into account the “pitfalls” that are especially typical for buildings with a large area:

Usually, when distributing space, difficulties are created in the relative arrangement of rooms, and in particular, it is difficult to avoid the presence of walk-through living rooms. This is especially important to take into account when determining the location of children's rooms, bedrooms or living rooms. The quality and comfort of your stay will depend on this factor.

If you try to gain space by increasing the dimensions of the building in plan, then another difficulty becomes the arrangement of the roofing system. This needs to be thought about at the project creation stage. That is, plan several internal load-bearing partitions that will relieve some of the load from the external enclosing structures and become a reliable support for floor beams and rafter system elements.
The design of a house that has very small overall dimensions in length and width will not be very successful, since it will be necessary to significantly limit the area of the premises. Therefore, it is worth choosing a “golden mean” that will be able to meet the needs of the residents of the house, meet established standards construction and remain the most accessible in construction with minimal costs.

Recommended layout options for a one-story house

This section of the publication will discuss several different options layout of the interior space of a one-story house. From them, you can choose an approximately suitable project for a particular house, or use the diagram as a basis for organizing individual zones of the building.

House layout 8x10 meters with garage and terrace

The area of a one-story house can include not only living and common rooms, but also a garage and a terrace. Moreover, all of the above premises are perfectly located under one roof.

The layout can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. In the first case, the garage space is separated from the living area by a main wall, that is, it is a kind of extension, which is located under a common roof with the entire house.

The example shown shows a fairly rational distribution of the area of a one-story house, in which three separate bedrooms are conveniently located. Two of them are designed for two and one for one person.

The doors of all rooms open into the common space of the living room, partially combined with the kitchen area. In the hall-living room there are two exits from the house, one of which leads to the garage, the other to the street through the terrace.

The sanitary unit is also publicly accessible - the entrance to it is also located in the hall, between the two bedrooms. Overall, the house will feel spacious due to large area living room, but at the same time, each of the residents has their own personal space.

Plan of a small one-story cottage, area 6x6 meters

This project presents the layout of a small house designed to accommodate two to three people. Although the area of the cottage is quite small, it provides everything necessary for a comfortable stay - a common room for gathering the whole family, personal space for each of the residents, as well as the required communal amenities.

Yes, the rooms in the house are quite small, but they are isolated, which is an absolute advantage for good rest. The disadvantage (to some extent conditional, given the current fashion trend) in this layout is the combination of the living room with the kitchen. To prevent the appearance of odors from cooking food, which can permeate furniture textiles, curtains, and other accessories, it is necessary to provide good system ventilation and install an efficient kitchen hood.

Perhaps the small dimensions of such a building will seem too cramped for year-round living. But in quality country house, in which you can settle your family for the whole summer, this option will be optimal. Relatively inexpensive to build and quite cozy.

A small but well-insulated house can be easily heated using wood burning fireplace long burning with a water circuit, installing radiators in each room. In case of using gas or even electric heating, it will also not be very expensive, since the area of the house is small.

House layout 10x10 meters

If the site area is large enough and financial capabilities allow it, then you can consider a house design of 10×10 m. This housing area is necessary in cases where a family consists of 4÷5 or more people. A comfortable house with such dimensional parameters is most often built for permanent residence, but sometimes as a summer cottage.

The area of such a house allows you to place under one roof not only living rooms, but also the necessary technical premises. In the presented example, the house has a designated area for organizing a boiler room, which is very convenient for its maintenance. Very often, boiler rooms are built in extensions with a separate entrance, so if problems arise in winter, you have to dress warmly to get to the equipment. In addition, if it snows outside, then before you get into Utility room, you will have to clear your way. Here, everything is always under control.

In this project, all bedrooms are located on one side of the house. The living room is combined with a kitchen area, which, again, requires the installation of a high-quality ventilation system. However, ventilation issues should be a priority in any residential building layout.

Comfortable living in a home cannot be achieved without effective ventilation!
Unfortunately, quite often, when developing a project for their future home, the owners for some reason “slow down” the issues of its ventilation. An unforgivable mistake - simple ventilation cannot solve the problem of “renewing the air” in the premises! On what principles it is based, what standards exist, and what needs to be provided for this - read in a special detailed publication on our portal.

The vestibule hallway is equipped with an additional door, which creates an “air gap” between the entrance to the house and the living spaces, which allows you to retain heat in the house, that is, save on heating costs.

Next to the sanitary unit there is a small dressing room or pantry in which things that are not currently needed can be stored.

A spacious house is everyone's dream big family However, when planning to build it, you should count your financial capabilities not only for construction, but also for its maintenance, primarily heating and energy supply.

Cottage measuring 8.5×7 m with an attic superstructure

This house is of a very average size in plan. But thanks to attic premises, many problems of comfortable living for one large or even two small families are solved.

This construction option will be optimal if the plot area is small, but the family consists of 4-6 people, and it is planned to arrange a personal space for each of them. The project involves not only the organization of comfortable living, but also the compact location of the building on the site.

In the lower part of the house, according to the plan, the main rooms are located - a living room and a kitchen, one bedroom and a sanitary unit. A rotating staircase leads to the attic space.

In the attic there is a recreation area, which includes two small bedrooms and an enclosed hall, which can be used as a dressing room.

The project can be used for the construction of a country house, used only in summer period, as well as for the construction of a full-fledged mansion for permanent residence. In the second case, in order for the attic to be suitable for living at any time of the year, it will have to be well insulated.

How is the attic insulated?
It would probably be more correct to talk not about insulation, but about high-quality thermal insulation of this room. Yes, it is necessary to conserve heat as much as possible in winter, but it is equally important to prevent the attic from turning into an “inferno” when the summer heat sets in. A high-quality solution will solve both problems, but how to ensure it yourself – read the special article on our portal.
Two layout options for Finnish houses
In recent years, it has been increasingly used in Russia Finnish technology construction of houses, as it has proven its effectiveness and subsequent ease of use of the building. Therefore, in this subsection we will consider options for organizing the space of similar houses that have the same area.
If the house has small sizes, and it has not yet been decided how the rooms will be located, then dividing the space with partitions can be done after building the box of the house and covering it roofing system. The only thing that will be difficult to change is the location of the kitchen, bathroom and boiler room, since the necessary utilities will already be connected to them at the stage of building the foundation.
The size of the house is 11.4x8.49 m. The rooms located inside can have different sizes. In both the first and second versions of the plan, the house has a boiler room with two entrances - from the street and from the house. The entrance to the main premises from the street is from the terrace.
In the first layout option, the bathroom and toilet are separated from each other and are located in different places. The toilet has two entrances - from one of the bedrooms and the corridor. A dressing room is attached to the same bedroom. The living room is a passage room - from it there is a door to one of the bedrooms.
The kitchen and dining room are located in the central part of the house and are partially combined with the living room, meaning there is no door between them. Therefore, a powerful hood should be installed in the kitchen to maximize the removal of various fumes, which are indispensable when cooking.
The living room is equipped with a fireplace, creating a cozy atmosphere in the room.
To preserve accumulated heat, a vestibule is provided at the entrance to the house, separated from the main living quarters by a door. Thanks to this, cold air masses from the street do not fall directly into the living area.
In this regard, the premises are distributed differently on the same area. The central part of the house is reserved for a combined living room-kitchen-dining room. The fireplace in this layout is moved to the living area. The bedrooms are located on one side of the building and are separated from each other by a dressing room. The bathroom is combined and located on the opposite side of the house from the bedrooms.
In the same place, the boiler room with two entrances is preserved, as well as the main entrance through the terrace.
The convenience of two entrances to the boiler room is that when it is serviced by specialists, they do not have to enter the house. If a solid fuel boiler is used to heat the house, then loading firewood into the room can be done from the street side without polluting the living quarters.
House plan 11x9 meters
Another layout option in which all the rooms of the house are located quite compactly. The size of this building including the terrace is 9 by 11 meters. At the same time, the rooms have a fairly large area due to the reduced hallway and corridor spaces.
The house has two entrances - the front and the so-called back entrance, leading to the premises from the yard through the terrace.
IN in this case, the living room is also combined with the kitchen, but their total area is large enough so that the room can be divided into two separate rooms, and the entrance to the kitchen can be arranged from the hallway.
The bathroom in this layout is combined, but also organized in a fairly spacious room.
Entrances to all rooms are provided from one large internal corridor. A very important decision is the separation of the internal corridor from the entrances from the street by hallways. This layout allows you to keep the interior warm and clean inside the house. Small terrace, facing the courtyard, will be an excellent place to spend time in the summer, both during the day and in the evening. On this site it is quite possible to install a children's pool, as well as organize a place for tea drinking.
Style solutions for facades of one-story houses
An important aspect when drawing up a project is the choice of the style of the future house, since the layout of the rooms, as well as the presence of some extensions, often depends on the shape of the facade. Next, the most popular options that are actively used in the construction of modern houses will be presented.
Classic architectural style
Classic remains fashionable at all times, so it is often used in modern projects, although some “coldness” is visible in its severity and linearity. But at the same time, the classic style is a kind of indicator of solidity and reliability.
IN classic style can be designed as one-story or multi-story building. The main features of this direction of architecture are the following:
Mandatory clarity of lines and symmetry of location architectural elements, maintaining proportions and harmony of details and materials;
Classics are characterized by restraint of form decorative elements. There are usually few of them, and they should never look pretentious.
An indispensable attribute of a classic facade are columns with round massive balusters. By the way, they become the main and almost the only decorations of classical facades.
In modern conditions, various innovative materials are used for cladding facades. But they must imitate a classic finish - these are smoothly plastered walls, which, as a rule, have light pastel shades yellow, peach, blue and other delicate tones;
As roofing material According to all canons, natural tiles must be used. Metal is also allowed, which is painted in a color that harmonizes with the shade of the walls.

The house, built in a classical style, has smooth walls, so its internal space can be easily planned into the required zones.
English style
English architectural style It is also distinguished by its laconic shapes and straight lines. It does not imply the presence of ornate decorative ornaments, columns and balustrades - the style is distinguished by a touch of aristocracy and restraint. The appearance of the house inspires a sense of reliability and a feeling of comfort.
It should be noted that this direction is becoming increasingly popular in domestic construction - today entire suburban villages are often built in it.
Distinctive features of the English style are the following façade elements:
The walls are either built of red brick, or decorated with it using clinker facing tiles.
As roofing great fit soft tiles gray color.
As a rule, the roof gables are highlighted with white border elements, which refreshes the rather dark shades of the facade.
Traditional for the English style are window frames with numerous jumpers. Form window openings can be rectangular, square or have an arched end.
Frames are always painted White color, which harmonizes perfectly with the traditional shades of the building of this style.

Thanks to the right angles at which the walls are located in relation to each other, planning its interior space will not be difficult. One more detail without which English style will not be finished - it will at least be a small front garden and flower garden, laid out directly in front of the facade of the building.
House in Russian style
Log buildings are traditional for Russian architecture. They are not erected so widely in any country in the world, since the connection of individual elements with each other, as well as the insulation technology, is quite complex, and the construction of walls is a labor-intensive operation due to the large mass of logs.
In addition, a wooden frame today will not be cheap, although it will serve its owners and even their children for many decades. Natural wood gives a feeling of warmth and comfort, creating a very healthy and comfortable microclimate in the house.
If you choose this style option, you must remember that the layout is determined before the construction of the house begins, since internal partitions are being built together with load-bearing walls.
Russian style is determined by the following façade elements:
Carved details with a specific pattern that decorate the pediment of the house.
Handmade trims with through carvings that frame all window openings.
Any material can be used as a roofing material - soft tiles, corrugated sheets, ondulin, etc. are quite suitable. The main thing is to choose desired color coating that will harmonize with the color of natural wood. Very often they stop at shades of green.
The basement of the house is built of wood, brick, stone or blocks. If necessary, the base under the walls is lined with decorative material.
Each version of the house, built in the Russian style, is individual. In fact, there are simply no two completely identical buildings.

Chalet style
This style is also called Alpine, since houses with such an architectural design are common in this region. However, chalet-style houses have long become popular in different countries peace. This can be explained by the fact that style includes elements of different directions, and houses can look completely different. However, the “chalet” style also has its own individual characteristics that give it away.
The following factors are traditional for “chalets”:
Flat gable roof, the overhangs of the slopes of which protrude far beyond the walls of the house, thanks to which an open veranda or terrace can be organized under them. In mountainous areas, protruding overhangs are necessary to protect the walls of the house from snow drifts.
The facade of the house is covered natural materials- it could be wooden lining or stone.
The roofing material most often used is soft tiles that fit tightly to the base.
Quite often the facade is decorated with a stone protruding wall of the fireplace chimney, which is also an integral part of the “chalet”.

The size of the window openings is not important - they can be small or occupy most of the façade wall. This feature already depends on the preferences of the home owners.
A house built in the “chalet” style can have a large or small area. But its walls are built at right angles to each other, so planning the location of rooms in it will not be so difficult.
Scandinavian style house
It is not without reason that this style is of interest to domestic developers, since the designs have been tested by time and the harsh climate of the Scandinavian regions. That is, the conditions are very close to Russian winters.
The main thing in such houses is maximum functionality and use natural materials. No decorative elements are provided in the projects, since the emphasis is on rationality, that is, preserving heat inside the house.
Distinctive features of houses made in the Scandinavian style are the following:
Simple and concise forms, where each of the elements used is functional. The main goal of developing such a building is to create the maximum comfortable conditions for accommodation.
The house is necessarily equipped with an open terrace, but, as a rule, a ground floor or basement is not provided for in the design.
The roof may have a gable or hip structure. Natural or metal tiles are chosen as roofing materials.
Availability large quantity windows to let in as much light as possible.

Something about appearance Scandinavian style resembles a “chalet”, but this is not surprising, since the houses are designed to be used in similar conditions, and the same goals were set during their development.
These house designs can also be planned after the construction of main walls by installing lightweight partitions. With this approach, over time, the area can be redesigned without damage to the load-bearing walls and rafter system.
House in minimalist style
Minimalism includes several styles, including “high-tech”, “loft” and others. Houses built in this architectural direction are similar to each other and represent simple and strict forms with practically complete absence decor as such.
The following points can be considered a feature of buildings in this direction:
Houses have clear geometric shapes, and, most often, flat roofs, which define the final top line of the structure.
The main materials of construction are stone and glass. Wood is used minimally.
The facade is made in a single pastel color scheme, no bright spots are provided in these styles.
There are many large windows, and panoramic glazing is often practiced.

True, the abundance of glass surfaces is not particularly suitable for houses built in regions with harsh winter climates. After all, even the best-quality windows still become pathways for heat loss.
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When starting your own development of the layout of your future home, you need to take into account not only the above recommendations, but also your own preferences, as well as your available financial capabilities. And the first step in this process can be a sketch made even by hand, which it is advisable to discuss and approve at the “family council”.

A low-rise manor house is usually built with one to three floors. The top floor may be an attic. Depending on the number of storeys of the house, two types of functional zoning are used: horizontal and vertical.

Horizontal zoning used in one-story houses. It involves placing all functional areas in a horizontal plane and organizing their separation (or combination) by horizontal communications - corridors, galleries.

Vertical zoning typical for houses with several levels (floors). It requires placing internal spaces on levels (tiers) and connecting (separating) them with each other by vertical communications - stairs. Vertical zoning saves building area compared to horizontal zoning. In some cases, it is a more effective form of functional organization of residential buildings, as well as when there is a shortage of building area.

In the practice of designing residential buildings, two-part and three-part functional zoning is also widely used.

Two-part zoning– the most common type of functional zoning in inexpensive economical houses, cottages.

Typically, a house is divided into two parts: day and night use (or family and personal use), residential and utility premises. This ensures the required interconnection and isolation of family life processes, namely: active and passive rest, communication and solitude. Zone day stay(for general family purposes) contains the following rooms: front room, common living room, kitchen, restroom and storage room (living room, dining room, office). Night stay area ( individual purpose) includes personal living rooms (bedrooms), bathroom, wardrobe and corridor.

In a one-story house, a daytime zone is located at the entrance, and a night zone is located in the depths of the building. Independence of use is ensured by the direct connection of each zone of the house with the front. All the variety of planning techniques for two-part zoning in one-story houses can be reduced to three main options.

IN multi-storey buildings Floor (vertical) zoning is accepted. On the ground floor there are family premises - the front, common room and a kitchen, on the second floor there are personal living rooms (bedrooms) and a hygiene block. The practice of housing construction gives two options for vertical two-part zoning. In the first case, in the family area (day stay) there is a private room for a married couple or an adult family member (son or daughter, grandmother), which is directly connected to the front room. In the second case, in the personal area (night stay) a family room (playroom, study room, library) is designed, forming an auxiliary planning core in the depths of the house.

Fig.1. Functional zoning scheme for a residential estate

Three-part zoning the house involves its division into three parts according to the principle of homogeneity of everyday processes.

In one-story single-family houses there are three parts: family, individual and household. The first two parts include the common room, dining room and bedrooms respectively. The third consists of the entrance, kitchen, pantries, bathrooms, work rooms, etc. The utility area is usually located in the center of the house. It serves as a buffer between family and private spaces, as well as the entrance to the house.

In multi-level single-family houses, the premises are zoned relative to ground level into three floors. The ground or underground floors are used for utility rooms(garage, workshop, storerooms, furnace, etc.), on the ground floor there are family rooms and an office, on the second floor there are personal living and utility rooms (bedrooms and bathrooms).

Functional areas are located relative to the entrance to the house. This requires the location of family premises (common room, living room, dining room, kitchen) at the entrance, and personal premises in the back of the apartment. In an economical home, the common room should occupy a central position in the apartment, located next to the front room. In a comfortable home, a living room is designed at the entrance, and a dining room in the central part of the house. Bedrooms should be located in the most isolated part of the house, in its depths, away from the kitchen and stairs. They should be conveniently connected to the bathrooms.

In apartments with small squares, literally every centimeter of precious space becomes important. In this regard, installing additional walls is often irrational. But for many of us, it is important to have a little private space for privacy (to relax, read or work, to close the bedroom from the eyes of guests, etc.).

We offer you the ten most common methods in the field of small-sized housing design. Of course, you can always find negative and positive sides, so find out more detailed information before starting work.

No. 1: Screen

It will not take up much space either when unfolded or folded, and in size it cannot be compared with a wall. There are many types of various materials, with drawings and ornaments, as well as with rollers that allow you to move it as needed to different parts of the room. The structure can be completely weightless from papyrus paper or bamboo, or very massive metal or wood.

No. 2: Different wallpapers

The method is not only effective, interesting, but also economical. If you have a roll of covering or even less left over from a previous renovation, you can use it to decorate one of the vertical surfaces or part of it. This will create a certain boundary. Combine plain wallpaper with those that have an interesting design, floral or ethnic ornament, etc. and don't forget to keep everything in contrast.

No. 3: Spacious shelving

Let this piece of furniture be large and occupy an area from floor to ceiling, but at the same time no more than 50 cm wide. The embodiment can be anything. Whether the shelving will be open and easily let in light, partially closed with beautiful doors or drawers, or mounted on both sides of the door is up to you. Each individual living space requires an individual approach.

No. 4: Podium

If the horizontal area is very limited or you have no desire to install screens and partitions, then move to the vertical plane of the room. Floor different heights will help you organize a special podium, for example, under sleeping area or kitchen. The main advantage of this approach is additional storage space.

No. 5: Niche

By its nature and implementation, the idea is simply amazing, allowing you to create unique design. It is best to place a bedroom or workplace. The project with a window in it is doubly interesting; the place turns out to be cozy and bright. However, you should not forget about auxiliary lighting; neat sconces and built-in lamps are suitable.

If necessary, the space in the wall can be easily disguised with the help of decorative curtains, or you can even make doors with a rail mechanism; they will allow you to hide your private corner from prying eyes.

No. 6: Curtains

A method that, apparently, was known to our grandmothers. Remember the old houses in the village, consisting of one large room, it was there that this technique found its historical embodiment. It doesn’t lose its relevance now, just add modern materials and designs.

No. 7: Large mirror

A reflective surface will help visually enlarge the room. Select maximum appropriate place and size, do not overdo it with the decor, it is best not to use it at all. Let the surface be flat, without frames or edging.

No. 8: Miniature partition

A great way to divide a room into separate zones, while still letting in light and air. In the kitchen, the element can serve as a bar counter with additional storage space.

No. 9: Headboard

In fact, this is the same small partition, with the only difference - it is mounted directly to the furniture. The dimensions can be any, for example, the entire height of the ceiling or half as much. Comfortable, stylish and modern.

No. 10: Houseplants

Our “green” friends are able to bring a completely indescribable atmosphere to your home. With the right selection of flowers, it is easy to make entire compositions in beautiful flowerpots or boxes, which can also be unusual in shape, materials or size. Hedge will help turn your home into a garden of bright colors.

If the free space in the house is not distributed, then there will be very little sense in decorating it. The new review collected examples of how to efficiently and effectively zone existing space. It’s worth doing this right away, as in the future such a step will help make life much easier.

1. Original zoning of space

Good example excellent zoning of space in the room.

2. Great room divider

A practical option for placing a partition between rooms that will impress.

3. Bright interior

A good example of successful room decoration using original partitions.

4. A good option for zoning space

An original option for decorating a room using a cute partition.

A great example of decorating a room and zoning space.

6. Openwork partition

The best solution to decorate a room is with a partition that optimizes the space of the house.

7. Skillful division of rooms

A good example of successful zoning of space that will create a comfortable environment.

8. Partition between rooms

A successful example of optimizing space and creating a cozy environment.

9. Dividing the room

Zoning working area and lounges, which look original.

10. Creating a successful environment

A good example of transforming and dividing space in a room, which optimizes the interior.

11. Bright, original furnishings

A partition that will become an original decorative element that you will definitely like.

12. An interesting option for zoning space

The best option for decorating a room is with an original bamboo partition.

13. Cute room decor

Good example good design rooms with an excellent partition, which you will like.

14. Cool design solution

An excellent option to successfully decorate the interior of a room with an openwork partition.

15. Transparent interesting partition

A beautiful and stylish transformation of space is created by a nice transparent partition that will impress.

16. Stone partition

An interesting solution for decorating the interior of a room with an original stone partition.

17. Bookcase

It is possible to successfully zone a space with the help of such an interesting bookcase.

18. Stylish wooden partition

Successful and perfect solution create such a cool version of a wooden partition at home that will create an extraordinary atmosphere.

19. Excellent openwork partition

Nice option to create interesting design in the house with the help of an unusual openwork partition.

20. Original wooden partition

A beautiful example of creating two rooms from one by dividing them with a partition.

21. Successful zoning of space

The best example of successful zoning of space in the house thanks to the placement of a transparent glass partition.

22. Optimizing home space

It is possible to improve the interior of your home by zoning the space, which will quickly transform the atmosphere.

23. Non-standard partition

A good option to create a great mood in the room thanks to the successful organization of space.

24. Stylish interior

An interesting example of interior optimization thanks to space zoning, which you will definitely like.

25. Space zoning

It is possible to improve the interior with the help of proper organization of the space of the house using a successful division of rooms.

26. Optimal closet

An ordinary wall-cupboard will be an excellent partition between rooms, which will please and inspire.

27. Partition between the living room and dining room

The partition between the living room and dining room will become the best solution for interior.

28. Glass partitions in the interior

A good decision to create a cool option glass partitions, which you will definitely like.

29. Fast transformation

Decorate the space in your home with a quick transformation by placing a cute partition.
The correct design of rooms or their successful transformation is something that should definitely be present when deciding questions about home improvement. Therefore, zoning space is one of the options for creating successful design solutions.

INDIVIDUAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSE PROJECT

Guidelines for students of direction 270300.62 Architecture

Saint Petersburg

INTRODUCTION

The architectural specialty training program provides for students to acquire professional skills in designing an individual residential building through studying general rules and the patterns of their volumetric-spatial and functional-planning organization, the formation of figurative and artistic characteristics, the mastery of basic techniques constructive solutions and engineering equipment.

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Single-family residential building intended for single family living. Depending on the size of the plot allocated for development and the compositional design, the shape of the plan of a single-apartment house can be varied - from compact rectangular to complex with curved outlines of the outer walls.

The composition of premises, as well as the upper limit of areas and heights in premises for individual houses are not standardized.

Squares adjoining plot and buildings, the number of storeys of the house, the number of rooms, the proportions and areas of the premises, their relationship, the presence of a basement, attic, attic, garage and utility buildings and other conceptual space-planning parameters depend to a large extent only on the desires, capabilities and tastes of individual developers and designers .

The structural and technological parameters of the house can be varied: the structural design of the house (frame, with transverse load-bearing walls or another); view building materials(brick, reinforced concrete, wood or others).

However, there are important General requirements to housing, which should be taken into account when developing a project for an individual residential building. The basic architectural and construction requirements for individual housing are set out in the following basic documents:

1. SNiP 2.08.01-89**. "Residential buildings" as amended in 1993, 1994, 1996;

2. SNiP 2.07.01-89 (2000). "Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements";

3. SNiP 21-01-97. " Fire safety buildings and structures";

4. NPB 106-95. Individual residential buildings. Fire requirements

5. SNiP P-12-77. "Noise protection";

6. SNiP P-3-79. "Construction heating engineering", etc.

This guideline discusses the most important groups of architectural and construction requirements.

LAYOUT OF AN INDIVIDUAL SITE

RESIDENTIAL HOUSE

Individual houses, as a rule, have land plots, the size of which varies within fairly large limits - from 600-1500 m 2 to several hectares.

On the land plot of an individual residential building, it is necessary to provide the following functional zones (Fig. 1):

Residential area

Area of outbuildings (bathhouse, barn, etc.)

Vegetable garden area

Rest zone

From the thoughtful layout of the entire site, the reasonable location of residential, utility and ancillary buildings on its territory, the economical placement of garden and garden crops, decorative and flower plantings depend on the convenience and comfort of the house itself and the complex as a whole.

A 6 m wide driveway must be provided to a residential building.

The placement of the house and outbuildings on the site, the distances from them to buildings on the neighboring site must comply with building codes and regulations (Fig. 1).

In areas of estate and garden-dacha development, the distance from the windows of residential premises (rooms, kitchens and verandas) to the walls of the house and outbuildings (barn, garage, bathhouse) located on neighboring land plots, must be at least 6 m.

The distance from the border of the site must be at least: to the wall of a residential building - 3 m; to outbuildings – 1m. In the absence of a centralized sewerage system, the distance from the toilet to the walls of the neighboring house must be at least 12 m, to the water supply source (well) - at least 25 m.

FUNCTIONAL AND LAYOUT SOLUTIONS

Space-planning solutions for an individual residential building depend on its location in the overall structure of the building and the family’s lifestyle.

This type of residential building is characterized by a varied composition of premises: from minimal (usually with a total area of 160 - 250 m2) to developed with additional premises (with a total area of over 250 m2).

Number of floors of a residential building. An individual residential building can be designed with 1-3 floors.

Functional zoning of a residential building.

Convenience and comfort of living in a house depend on its structure, sufficient composition of premises and their areas.

The layout of the house is based on the principle of functional zoning of its space: allocation day stay areas(common room, kitchen and entrance) and intimate area(bedrooms and sanitary facilities), as well as utility room areas(storage rooms, laundry room, furnace room, etc.).

An important role is played by the correct placement of premises and the establishment of optimal connections between separate rooms(Table 1).

On ground floor place: hall, common room, dining room, office, kitchen, veranda ( winter Garden), storage rooms and utility rooms.

On second floor(attic) there are bedrooms, a children's room and a playroom. Sanitary facilities must be installed on both floors. Workshops, a boiler room, a sauna, a swimming pool, a garage, etc. can be provided in the basement or basement floor.

The staircase can be located in the hallway or in the common room.

A kitchen with a sanitary unit can be close to the entrance or located deeper in the house. Bedrooms with sanitary facilities, dressing rooms must be isolated from day care premises. Most often, this insulation is carried out along the vertical volume of the house. All wet rooms of the apartment (sanitary units, toilets, sinks, line-by-line) should be located in paired volumes or above each other along the height of the house. It is not allowed to locate sanitary units above the living premises.

In a single-family house, as a rule, they provide two entrances- “front” to the street, providing passage to most rooms, and “utility”, to the side personal plot and outbuildings. The front entrance node should provide passage to most of the rooms on the first floor. It should be connected through the hall to the living room, which serves as the center of the residential building.

Additional premises in a residential building there may be: children's bedrooms and a playroom, an office with a library, a fireplace hall, a billiard room, guest rooms with a possible independent entrance, sanitary facilities and a hall for daytime guests, a banquet hall, a swimming pool, a sauna and others.

Distributed planning solutions with the installation of winter gardens (“green” rooms), included in the total volume of the building or in the form of a volume attached to it.

Daylight should be provided in living rooms and kitchen. The ratio of the area of light openings to the floor area of residential premises and kitchens must be at least 1:8. For attic floors it is allowed to take this ratio at least 1:10.

When designing an individual residential building, it is advisable to provide terraces and balconies.

Residential building