Recently purchased country cottage area measuring 15 acres. There is only the house itself, there are no plantings. We are planning to plant a small vegetable garden and a small garden at the dacha. Tell me, what is the scheme for planting a vegetable garden and trees in relation to the sun, what else needs to be taken into account?

Everyone who has at least a small plot of land must plant it with something - be it vegetable beds or small garden. In the case where the plot was received with already determined places for planting various crops (allotted permanent place for a vegetable garden and garden, there are perennial plantings), nothing much needs to be changed. Unless you replenish the garden with new trees and shrubs and observe “.

Those who are just planning to arrange a garden are luckier. After all, they have the opportunity to competently plan the planting scheme of the vegetable garden and trees in relation to the sun. As you know, the presence of sufficient sunlight is the key to a good harvest in the future. However, there are also important factors that need to be taken into account when planning a vegetable garden.

What should you consider when developing a planting scheme?

When planning a garden and tree planting scheme, you first need to consider which side of the sun the plants will grow on.

For successful cultivation vegetables, they need to allocate the sunniest place on the plot, preferably on the south side.

Shady places under the house, near a fence or tall trees can be left for onions grown for feathers (they can grow in partial shade). Or plant some herbs there.

When drawing up a planting scheme, it is important to take into account not only the location of the crops relative to the sun, but also the following factors:

1. Plot size. Considering the overall size land plot, determine how much space can be allocated for a vegetable garden. If the total area is small, and the first task is to plant a vegetable garden, it makes no sense to plant a lot fruit trees. They can “take away” space from other crops, since one mature tree with a spreading crown needs at least 4 sq.m. area.
2. General relief. The ideal terrain would be flat or a slight slope. Avoid places where water stagnates - both vegetable and garden crops will do poorly there.
3. Soil condition. Each crop, both vegetables and fruit trees, has its own requirements for the condition of the soil, but they have one requirement in common - the soil must be fertile.
4. Presence of winds. In open areas, you should create shelter for plantings from the wind, which can cause damage to the future harvest.

The most common is the square or rectangular form of planting, in which the number of beds in the garden is determined depending on the size of the plot.

Near the garden you can plant berry bushes. For planting red currants and gooseberries, well-lit, dry places are allocated, and black currants can be placed in a more humid place. Raspberries are planted in the sun, but separately from other shrubs, as they grow very strongly and can drown out neighboring plantings.

Each group (trees, shrubs, vegetables) needs to be given its own place; you should not mix them. Growing trees will eventually take away all the sunlight from the vegetables or strawberries growing under them, and they will stop producing crops. Therefore, the garden is laid out away from the vegetable garden.

Correct site planning - video

Orchard you need to plan slowly, after thinking everything through, because future harvest will depend, among other things, on the correctly chosen location. For orchard need to highlight light open area. It is undesirable to plant an orchard in a lowland, where water will accumulate after bad weather or spring melting of snow.

Start bookmark orchard necessary from inspection and preparatory work, which include clearing the area of ​​old stumps, stones and other debris, digging up all the soil on the site and analyzing the soil. A soil test will tell you what fertilizers you should apply in the future. If you spill all the soil in the area with water, this will provoke the growth of weeds for their subsequent removal.

The next stage is planning the garden plot.

The location of the orchard may be influenced by the following data:

• Location relative to the house (in front of the house, behind the house, on the side of the house)
• Regarding cardinal directions
• The presence of other garden areas on your site - flower beds, beds, ponds, lawn, etc.

Before you break orchard, you also need to decide what breeds and varieties will grow in it. Many trees reach maturity only after 7-10 years. In this case, you will have to wait a long time for the harvest. In case you don’t want to wait and want to get a harvest next year, you can plant large-sized trees.

Large sizes - these are mature trees, aged from 4 to 7 years, around the root system of which an earthen ball is formed. When transplanting such trees, special equipment is usually used.

When choosing tree species, you must remember that many species do not like proximity and suppress each other’s growth. In addition, at different trees in an orchard there are completely different preferences for light and soil. It is advisable to consult a specialist or study the relevant literature.

Moreover, each crop has its own structural features of the root system. For example, in an apple tree, the roots can grow in width up to 10 m, and in depth up to 6 m. The root system of a pear, on the contrary, grows more in depth - up to 10 m, and in width - up to 6 m.

If the soil in your garden is heavy, the tree will not be able to take deep roots. Such a tree will most likely be weak.

Certainly, ideal conditions In our orchards it is difficult to find one for every tree. But still, the basic rules for planting trees will help you create a healthy orchard that will delight you with its harvest. In order for a tree not only to grow, but to bear fruit and be strong, it is necessary to provide it with an optimal layer of fertile soil, which will be the source of the necessary moisture and nutrition.

When planting large trees, your dream of turning your plot into a blooming orchard quickly turns into reality. Besides, root system Such trees have already practically formed, and they can be replanted without fear.

Modern technology makes it possible to replant mature trees ( large fruit trees) without any problems.

Trees prepared for transplantation must naturally be healthy and free of damage. Trees that have a hollow are not suitable for replanting.

The crown of the large fruit tree must be significantly thinned out (remove some skeletal branches by about 1/3 of their length) to avoid moisture evaporation. Cover the wounds formed after pruning with garden varnish.

The soil ball should be cubic or cylindrical in shape.

The pit is prepared in advance (1-2 weeks in advance). Its dimensions should exceed the earthen lump (twice in height and three times in width).

The bottom is prepared - a mixture of expanded clay is poured, then humus, sand, peat and black soil. The percentage composition of this mixture depends on the type of wood.

After planting a large tree, all free space in the hole is covered with good fertile soil. Then, it is slightly compacted.

And, of course, they water well. Moreover, an irrigation system is provided (aeration pipe or root irrigation).

Additional reinforcement with guy wires will help give the transplanted tree a more stable position.

It is necessary to choose young plants (1-2 years). This way they get along better. The root system of older seedlings is easier to damage.

Seedlings for the orchard usually planted in autumn or spring in a dormant state (when vegetative processes are slowed down).

When planting seedlings, a hole (approximately 80x80 cm) is dug in advance and filled with fertile soil. The soil from the depths of the hole can be distributed around the tree trunk circle. If the seedling is planted immediately after digging a hole, the soil at the bottom must be compacted - compacted with feet and watered with 1-2 buckets of water.

Also in landing hole contribute organic fertilizers(compost, manure), and mineral fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer for each tree species is different. It is better not to add mineral fertilizers directly to the roots of the plant. Only the soil from the top layer.

Upon landing seedlings for orchard broken branches must be removed. The roots are pruned (to the healthy part) only if they are damaged.

A healthy seedling should have a well-branched root system. If the roots dry out along the way, they can be placed in water for about 12-24 hours. Immediately before planting, it is advisable to dip the roots in a clay mash.

If planting is not possible within several days, the seedling should be wrapped in a damp cloth and several layers of newspaper.

To avoid moisture evaporation, it is better to carefully remove the leaves.

When planting, it is advisable to take into account the position of the seedling relative to the cardinal points. Over the 1-2 years while they were growing in the nursery, they adapted to certain light conditions. The southern side of the seedling trunk can be distinguished by its darker brown color. The lighter side is the northern one.

Do not bury the root collar! It should be at ground level. The soil trunk circle after planting, they mulch, and the seedling itself is tied to a peg (not tightly, in a figure eight).

Basic seedlings for orchard- these are pears, cherries and plums.

A correctly drawn up scheme for planting vegetables in the garden and a competent plan for placing crops in the country are one of the main components of spring events. When planning landings garden plants at a summer cottage it is very important to take into account crop rotation or the so-called alternation of all cultivated vegetable crops.

Decorative and classic types of beds

Today, in the conditions of home garden vegetable growing Arrangement of several types of classical ridges is practiced:

• vertical structures They allow you to decorate unattractive walls or fences, minimize the contact of plants with the ground, reduce the risk of fungal diseases and reduce the growth of weeds. Disadvantages include the limited volume of soil and the need to use frequent fertilizing and irrigation measures. Among other things, such beds are not suitable for growing perennial crops, capable of freezing out in winter period;
• deep designs have gained particular popularity in recent years. Such a ridge is a platform standard sizes, represented by soil dug twice with manure or good compost to a depth of a couple of spade bayonets. Such a bed does not require digging for three to five years, and the soil can be loosened, watered, weeded and limed from paths laid along it;

• tall structures convenient from the point of view of processing vegetable crops. During construction, a trench 30-40 cm deep is dug. Branches and paper, as well as plant waste, should be placed in the dug trench, after which layers of fertile soil are filled in and lightly compacted. The edging of a tall structure can be done with either wooden boards, slate or any other available material;
• warm designs a bit like high ridges. A ridge is dug a meter wide and of arbitrary length. A layer of fresh soil is placed on the dug surface. cow dung, after which the fertile soil is filled up. The surface needs to be shed generously warm water and cover with black polyethylene or non-woven material. Vegetables are planted in specially made slots.

Site planning using the Mittlider method (video)

Decorative ridges can add originality to a personal plot. A striking example is the unusual shape or fencing made of beautiful materials. You can draw up a plan for the location of such structures online using special programs. Even amateur vegetable growers with little experience can do this kind of computer drawing up of a plan diagram.

Requirements for beds for vegetable crops

When planning vegetable beds, you need to remember that such structures must be sufficiently dry and level. Also, areas shaded by trees or buildings should not be allocated for garden beds. A proper bed should be well heated by the sun's rays. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to lay out ridges in areas in the direction from north to south. Good result provides arrangement of beds with low sides that prevent crumbling and help retain moisture during irrigation activities.

In flat areas, it is recommended to break out ridges and arrange them directly across the slope. If there are too large slopes, it is advisable to make special terraces that are strengthened with wooden planks, logs or slate sheets. Such planting areas allow you to protect the soil and grown plants from strong flood waters or heavy rains.

Currently, they are especially popular the following options for the location of garden beds:

• geometric arrangement of square, rectangular or elongated ridges in parallel and perpendicular directions;
• radial arrangement in spacious areas with planting garden crops peculiar rays in a circle;
• angular non-standard location;
• spiral arrangement or rock garden ridges that can decorate any landscape and are optimal for cultivation garden strawberries or other low-growing berries.

The shape of vegetable beds can be completely different. Experienced gardeners prefer to divide their garden or summer cottage plot into fairly even, rectangular or square-shaped ridges. To give the garden an original appearance, beds can be round, oval, triangular or any other shape. In any case, when planning the location of the ridges, it is necessary to be guided not only by desires and personal preferences, but also take into account the features of the relief.

Scheme for planting vegetables in the garden: basic rules

In the process of choosing a place and scheme for growing vegetables on a personal plot It is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

• Growing dill, salad crops and radishes does not have to be done in an ordinary way. Such garden crops can produce a fairly high yield when planted as a compactor for other vegetables. This planting allows you to obtain an aesthetically pleasing design for your garden and will significantly save the free space of your garden plot;
• beets, radishes, turnips, carrots and other root crops can be planted on the sides of the beds. In this way, it is possible to obtain a beautiful frame for other garden crops without inhibiting their growth and development. In the process of designing a garden plot, the rules of crop rotation must be taken into account, so the same crop cannot be grown in one place for several years in a row;

• as a border design for large-sized beds, it is allowed to plant such climbing plants like peas, beans or beans. Planting is carried out on the north side of the main vegetable crop, which will not allow climbing vines to block solar lighting;
• It is best to allocate separate ridges for pumpkins, squashes and zucchini, which is due to the rapid growth of the plant and its spread throughout almost the entire free space.

It is also very important to maintain the distance between crops in a row and the gap between rows when planting seedlings and sowing.

Mixed plantings: planning beds (video)

Crop rotation in the garden: how to plant vegetables correctly

One of the simplest and most popular solutions for implementing crop rotation in home garden vegetable growing is is based on the division of vegetable garden crops into several main groups:

• leafy group - cabbage, lettuce, green onions, sorrel and spinach;
• the fruit group is represented by tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, zucchini, squash, eggplant and pumpkin;
• a group of root vegetables, represented by radishes, beets, carrots, turnips, potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes;
• a group of legumes represented by beans, beans, lentils, chickpeas, and peas.

The correct alternation of such plants in a personal garden and garden plot should be carried out as follows:

• in the first year, fruit crops are grown in the first bed, root crops in the second, legumes in the third, leaf crops in the fourth;
• in the second year, fruit crops are transferred to the fourth bed, root crops to the first, legumes to the second, leaf crops to the third;
• in the third year, the root crops are transferred to the fourth bed and so on.

No less popular is crop rotation depending on the requirements of garden plants for soil fertility:

• high demands are typical for aster, pumpkin and cabbage;
• an average degree of demandingness is typical for nightshades;
• insignificant demands are characteristic of amaranth, amaryllis and umbelliferae;
• Legumes can enrich the soil composition.

Nightshade crops are represented by potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants and bell pepper. The umbrella or celery category includes dill, carrots and parsley. The most popular amaranths are beets and spinach.. The pumpkin family is represented by cucumbers, zucchini, squash, pumpkin, watermelon and melon.

Popular brassicas or cruciferous vegetables include all types of cabbage, radishes and watercress. Soil-enriching legumes include peas and beans, and sunflowers belong to the Asteraceae family.

Crop rotation of vegetable crops (video)

Even in small beds you can get decent yields. Correct and timely planning of plantings and crops, as well as compliance with crop rotation is prerequisite obtaining the highest and highest quality harvest from small-sized household plots and garden plots.

Owning your own plot of land gives a lot of privileges to a modern person, especially if the main part of his life is spent in the city. A small plot or a full-fledged orchard can add variety to life, become a recreation area or a treasure trove of natural fruits. To make the most of Natural resources, the layout of a garden or plot must be carefully thought out and implemented taking into account the smallest aspects of future operation.

Grid layout

Any planning begins with the formation of a diagram. To do this, you can use a regular sheet of paper and a pencil with a ruler. The essence of the method is to visualize and visualize the location of economic objects on the site: paths, places with green spaces, decorative elements and other garden attributes. By applying a grid, not only the layout of the garden and vegetable garden is formed, but also the lines of symmetry in the arrangement of objects are worked out. This is important if the greatest emphasis is placed on the aesthetic function of the territory.

The grid spacing should be determined by the size of the house and the site itself. For vegetable gardens with an area of ​​no more than 6 acres, the step can correspond to two real meters, and if it exceeds 20 acres, then you can make indents equivalent to three meters. In the designated cells you can mark the location of green plantings, gazebos, buildings, beds, utilities, swimming pool, etc. The main task at this stage is to roughly sketch out a plan in which the user’s requests will be taken into account and compared with the capabilities of a particular garden or plot.

What factors are taken into account during planning?

Inclusion in the project of certain functional zones will depend on the conditions in which the site will be operated. In this regard, the layout of the garden and vegetable garden should take into account the following factors:

• Possibilities for allocating space for fruit trees with lush crowns. Having one such copy will require up to 4 square meters free space.
• Soil characteristics. are distinguished by a powerful root structure, which can only be provided. On rocky, clay or sandy soil it is difficult to obtain good harvest. In addition, the groundwater level must be taken into account.
• Relief. It is advisable to set up an ornamental garden on uneven ground. Planning a plot for a vegetable garden requires an equal area, since cold air will be retained in the basins and depressions and moisture will accumulate - such places are not suitable for fruit vegetation.
• Openness to the sun. Green spaces must have protection from the wind and at the same time access to light and heat. Therefore, it is necessary to foresee in advance the possibility of creating favorable conditions on the existing site. If this is not possible, you will have to abandon some tree varieties.

Preparatory work

If there is a need to create a flat area, then you should start by adjusting the landscape. When the site is leveled, you should proceed to the formation of holes and pits for the septic tank and reservoir (if any in the project). The soil itself can be kept in its current state if it is planned to develop personal plot-garden. A vegetable garden, the layout of which has not previously affected the soil layer, must be dug up, and the weeds on its territory must be destroyed.

If the area is large, then manual weeding can be very labor-intensive, so it would be a good idea to use special preparations for spraying unwanted vegetation. It is not recommended to get rid of old fruit trees, even if they do not bear fruit. Firstly, they can provide shade, which is important for garden beds, and secondly, it can take years for new trees to form.

Communication support

A modern site cannot be imagined without an established engineering infrastructure. Such systems will facilitate the operation and maintenance of the site, increase its functionality and create additional recreational conditions. In particular, the garden layout may include drainage systems, sewerage, organization of gas pipelines and water supply. It is also necessary to provide for the presence of a well, septic tank or borehole. These engineering facilities should be located at a sufficient distance from each other. It is impossible not to provide for a system street lighting in the garden. It is advisable to conduct electrical wiring at a depth of about 70 cm. Installation must be carried out before the plants are planted and equipped garden paths.

Regular or landscape planning?

There are two approaches to organizing green spaces in the garden: landscape and regular. There is no strict boundary between these concepts, but there are certain rules that adherents of these ideas are guided by. So, if a landscape layout of a personal garden is being carried out, then a free arrangement of trees, plants and plants is permissible. At the same time, it is possible to mix fruit trees with vegetation that performs an aesthetic function. In practice, close combination is rare, but there is also no clear order in creating such schemes.

The regular concept involves planting shrubs, trees and vegetables in the garden bed in strictly formed rows at a certain distance from each other. That is, the layout of the garden can reflect the location of beds, flower beds and lines with tree plantings in the form of squares or rectangles.

Where and what plants to plant?

Initially, you should choose those varieties that can develop and bear fruit precisely in the climatic conditions where the site is located. For example, the middle band gives good conditions for the growth of apple, pear, cherry, cherry plum and plum trees. Apricots and cherries take root well in warm regions. Among those that also grow in these latitudes are currants, blackberries, gooseberries and raspberries. By the way, not large area It is advisable to plant bushes along the perimeter of the site.

The listed varieties will allow you to create a harmonious garden plot. A vegetable garden whose layout also includes space for vegetable beds can contain cucumbers, cabbage, peas, celery, potatoes and other crops that can grow in close proximity. The layout of the beds can be different and not necessarily strictly symmetrical. For example, there is an option in which, using decorative plate The center of the area from which the garden paths go is indicated. The beds are located between them, with crops of a certain type growing on each strip.

Household block

Functionally, this is the most important part of the site, since it will be responsible for all the technical support of the area. According to zoning rules, no more than 30% of the entire territory is allocated for this part. This block may include a utility room, poultry house, hay barn, storage room, workshop, toilet with shower and other structures. When determining the location of buildings, it is important not to forget about maintaining boundaries sanitary zone, taking into account which the garden is planned. A photo illustrating an example of organizing a utility block on a site is presented below.

Rest zone

Whether it’s a small plot or a spacious garden, it must have a corner where you can rest after working day in the garden beds or have a real feast with entertainment in the fresh air. Even a compact garden layout on 6 acres can include a modest but harmoniously integrated gazebo. What can we say about large areas where you can organize summer kitchen, equip a swimming pool, build an observation deck and much more. The list of ideas for implementation is limited only by the capabilities of the area and the desire of the owner. But in any case, the recreation area should have a thoughtful location relative to other functional areas. It is advisable to remove it as far as possible from utility blocks and communication structures.

Conclusion

There are no clear rules for drawing up planning schemes for plots and gardens in our time, since owners are increasingly seeking to individualize their own property. The self-created garden layout embodies the owner’s aesthetic view of the organization of a “piece of nature” and his requests for the functional provision of the site. Of course, it is one thing to plan the future organization of the garden, and another to implement it. Moreover, green spaces sometimes require several seasons to demonstrate their decorative qualities and bear the first fruits. And yet, when this happens, every novice gardener realizes that everything was not in vain.

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