In fact, there is no more pressing topic today than the flu. However, what does relevant mean? The flu is already on the doorstep. He surrounded us from all sides. Both in the western part of Russia and in the eastern part. Some new, very nasty strain. Western media are spreading mild panic by reporting deaths, although mostly among the elderly. In Moscow, Grippferon is heavily advertised in the press. There are wild queues for it in pharmacies. Everything that appears, in very limited quantities, by the way, is snapped up immediately. Meanwhile, doctors say that Grippferon is little better than human interferon, and the last flu was simply “sneezed.” They name some effective French drug, but it costs a lot of money. In connection with the impending danger, we decided to repeat the material of Nikolai Nikolaevich Shtab, which was published last year at approximately the same time: the same flimsy winter mixed with thaws, high humidity, a warning about the possible arrival of the flu - however, the flu did not come then, I was afraid of something. But today he is making up for lost time. Therefore, today we decided to repeat the simple, but effective tips Headquarters.

Rose hip, perhaps the only culture that combines high medicinal value fruits, their suitability for processing at home, decorative properties, ease of propagation and cultivation.
Rose hips are a natural multivitamin concentrate. In terms of vitamin C content, they are significantly superior to others fruit crops, grown in our area. Vitamin C in black currant 10, and in apples - 100 times less than in rose hips. In addition to vitamin C, the fruits are valuable for their significant content of vascular-strengthening vitamin P, which, for example, in Rose cinnamon can be up to 4000 mg%. Rose hips also contain a lot of provitamin A - carotene, which ensures normal eye function; slightly less vitamins B1, B2, which play an important role in regulating the function of the nervous system.

The fruits are also rich in vitamin K, which normalizes blood clotting. Available in rose hips mineral elements- potassium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, copper, manganese, silicon, iodine, as well as sugars - up to 9.9%, organic acids- about 1.3%, pectin substances - more than 3%, tannins and dyes - more than 4.7%. And flower petals contain essential oils, which are successfully used in perfumery.
Concerning medicinal properties rose hips, they have been known since ancient times. The ancient Greek naturalist and philosopher Theophrastus gave detailed description this plant, to which it is still difficult to add anything.
And in modern medicine, rose hips are highly valued, considering it almost the main raw material for the vitamin industry. Since the fruits are rich in iron and vitamins, they are prescribed to treat anemia and are used in dietary nutrition.

Rose hip- an excellent means of preventing capillary circulation disorders. Eating fruits sharply slows down the development of atherosclerosis and increases the body's resistance to a number of infectious diseases and intoxications.
From the Rosaceae family, in Russia there are more than 60 species of rose hips belonging to the genus Rosa, the Rosaceae family. In the wild, they are found on the edges and clearings of mixed and deciduous forests, clearings, on the slopes of ravines, banks of rivers and streams, in floodplains and even on rocky mountain slopes. But out of all the variety of species, only two are used in culture: Rose cinnamon And Rose wrinkled.
(Rosa cinnamomea), common in the Non-Black Earth Region, the Urals, Siberia and the Volga region. It is usually a low shrub, rarely exceeding two meters in height, with thin brown-red, thorny shoots and attractive, very fragrant flowers: pink or even dark red, solitary, less often - in inflorescences. Rose cinnamon- one of the most vitamin-rich types, since the vitamin C content in it is close to 3000 mg%. The peculiarity of the Cinnamon Rose is the rather rapid aging of individual branches, which die off by the age of 4-5 years. The yield of this plant is relatively small - 1-3 kg per bush.

The other most common type is wrinkled rosehip (Rosa rugosa). Its natural habitat is the Far East. The plant is not tall, rarely exceeds 1.5 m, has strongly spiny shoots that live for 5-6 years and are then replaced by new ones.
Rosehip wrinkled has long been used as an ornamental plant to decorate parks, squares and garden plots, as well as borders and paths.
This species is remontant, that is, both flowers and fruits can be observed simultaneously until autumn frosts. The flowers of the wrinkled rosehip are fragrant, large, pink or white, reaching a diameter of 8 cm, and the fruits are large, fleshy, with a fairly high content of vitamin C (up to 1000 mg%), however, they are unsuitable for drying, but they are suitable for others types of processing and for fresh consumption. The productivity of this species is higher than that of cinnamon roses, and reaches 4.5 kg per bush.
A distinctive feature of wrinkled rose hips are also dark green, rather large, leathery and shiny leaves, pubescent below and having spines on the petioles. In autumn, when the leaves begin to fall, the leaves turn an attractive pale yellow color.
All types of rose hips are highly winter-hardy plants that tolerate frosts down to -35ºС. They can freeze slightly only during thaws and with a subsequent sharp drop in temperature in winter period.

A little about varieties
Using the methods of interspecific, intervarietal crossings, as well as the selection of the most promising seedlings from sowing seeds of open pollination, breeders created large-fruited (with a small number of seeds), high-vitamin, thornless and weakly thorned varieties of rose hips, which can be divided into three groups.
First group: thin-walled varieties; Often, plants of such varieties are tall, with a small number of thorns, their flowers are inconspicuous, but the fruits are rich in vitamins and are perfect for drying. Second group: varieties with more fleshy fruits; plants of these varieties are not as tall as thin-walled ones, and their flowers are more elegant, but they also have more thorns. Such fruits are also suitable for drying. Third group: thick-walled varieties with fleshy fruits; they are short, with beautiful fragrant flowers and thorny shoots, but their fruits can only be eaten fresh; they are not suitable for drying.

Rosehip varieties have proven themselves well: thin-walled - Vitamin VNIVI, Vorontsovsky 1, Russian 1 (perfect for drying), Titan, Apple; with more fleshy fruits - Ruby, Crimson, Pobeda, Shpil; thick-walled - Yubileiny, Globe.
All varieties are resistant to fungal diseases.

Planting and care
Rosehip is a very light-loving plant. Planted in the shade, it forms weak and thin shoots, which can also freeze.
For better pollination in the garden, it is advisable to have several varieties. Preference is given to two-year-old, well-developed plants. It's better to plant them in early spring or in late autumn into planting holes 40 cm deep and 50 cm wide, which are filled to a sixth with a mixture of the top fertile layer with fertilizers. After planting, the seedlings are watered at the rate of 1-2 buckets of water per bush. Subsequently, when the plants begin to actively grow and begin to form, the yield and weight of fruits in this case will be greater. Have less large-fruited varieties there may be 18-20 main skeletal branches; in large-fruited trees, which have a denser crown, their number is reduced to 10-12. Rose hips also need sanitary pruning, which consists of removing weak, diseased and broken branches, as well as those shoots that greatly thicken the plant.
Rosehip is quite early-bearing - it begins to bear fruit in the second year of life, and reaches full fruiting by the age of six. In the garden it can produce a harvest for up to 20-25 years.
Like the vast majority of plants, rose hips are propagated by sowing seeds, green cuttings, dividing the bush.

Most the simplest way receiving planting material: dividing a bush into several parts. Before planting, the shoots on the “divisions” are cut to a height of 10-12 cm. Green cuttings help preserve varietal characteristics and obtain a large amount of planting material in the shortest possible time. It is usually carried out in the second half of June, when shoots current year half lignified. Cuttings are cut from the apical or middle part of the shoots, 10-15 cm long, approximately the thickness of a pencil.
All lower leaves on the cuttings are removed, leaving only a few upper ones. The resulting cuttings are soaked overnight in water or in a solution of a growth regulator, and early in the morning they are planted in film greenhouse into a substrate of a mixture of sand and peat. With frequent watering, the cuttings take root already in early September, then they are transplanted into open ground for growing, and already in the fall of next year they are ready for planting permanent place.

Seed propagation is used only in the case of obtaining species plants or growing rootstocks for roses, but not varieties, because the beneficial characteristics of the mother plant are often not transmitted to seedlings. This method is mainly used in nurseries that grow planting material.

Fruit collection
Rose hips do not ripen at the same time; they are collected in several stages from the second half of August until frost. There is no need to rush into picking, since fully ripe fruits are richest in vitamins.

Do not keep fresh, ripened fruits on branches long time- you can lose a lot of the vitamins they contain. It is better to store rose hips dried, however, there are some subtleties here too. It is better to dry fruits not in the sun, but in electric ovens or drying cabinets.
First, they are kept for 10 minutes at 100ºС, after which they are dried for about 2 hours at a temperature of 70-80ºС. Dry rose hips need to be kept in a cool and dry place, and without loss of vitamins, they can be stored for several years.

Rosehip is on our menu. Note to the hostess
Infusion of fruits. Dry fruits, unpeeled from seeds and hairs (1 tbsp.) are poured into enamel dishes boiling water (1 cup), close tightly and boil for 10 minutes. After a day, filter through two layers of gauze.
Drink ½ glass as a general tonic 3-4 times a day before meals.
Kissel. The dried fruits are crushed, poured with water and boiled for 15 minutes over low heat. Then filter through three layers of gauze and add sugar, lemon slices and diluted in cold water starch. Bring, stirring constantly, to a boil and remove from heat.
Rose hips, pureed with sugar. Fresh fruits are cut, cleaned of seeds and hairs and washed thoroughly. After this, immerse for 2-3 minutes in boiling water and rub through a sieve or grind in a blender. The resulting puree is mixed with sugar (1:1), heated, stirring, to 70-80ºС and placed in sterile jars. Sterilize in boiling water: half-liter jars for 20 minutes.
Candied petals. Dried aromatic petals are first dipped in lightly beaten egg white, then in powdered sugar and laid out on a cloth to dry.
Store between sheets of wax paper in a tightly closed box. Used to decorate cakes and desserts.

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Nikolay Khromov (Michurinsk)
Photo by the author

Based on materials from the journal “Science and Life” No. 09, 2010

White rosehip is one of the common and popular shrubby, upright plants in our country. It looks very elegant: widely spread and hanging arched branches are studded with white flowers. Flowers can be different sizes, regular and terry, depending on the characteristics of the variety. This deciduous, fast-growing plant has a height of up to three meters, but some specimens are taller.

The bark of the bush is brownish and red-green in color. There may be a small number of thorns on the shoots. The leaves are of an alternating type, imparipinnate, 5-10 cm long and no more than 2-3 cm wide. The upper part of the leaves is green, with a pronounced gloss, and the lower part is matte and slightly pubescent. The fruits are relatively small, red, oval in shape. The plant belongs to the category of ornamental park roses and is the ancestor of several varieties of roses.

In the gardens of our country, white rosehip has become a worthy competitor to the multifloral or climbing rosehip. Terry prickly rose hip is one of the most decorative species and has terry.

How to plant rose hips (video)

Popular plant varieties

Unpretentious and profusely flowering varieties are of greatest interest for home gardening.

Variety name	Description of the plant	Flowers	Fruit	Pulp
"Alba Mediland"	Ground cover variety with dark green and shiny leaves	Complex structure, white color, relatively large size	Medium size, bright red color	Juicy enough
"Climbing Iceberg"	Climbing medium-sized plant	Terry, snow-white, medium size	Round shape, reddish-brown color
"Suaveolens"	Varietal rose hips suitable for large-scale compositions	Terry type, white color, medium size	Round shape, brown-red color	Relatively dense, with an average number of seeds
"Nevada"	Medium vigor, up to 2 m tall, compact bushes with relatively abundant foliage	Semi-double white flowers with a delicate aroma	Large and beautiful, orange-red color, medium size	Not juicy enough
"Oval"	Bush 1.2-1.5 m high	White, with a diameter of no more than 6-8 cm	Round, red, weighing about 12 g	Meaty, juicy and sweet
"Victory"	Medium-sized bush, 1.2-1.5 m high, compact	White with a slight pinkish tint, large sizes	Oval, dark red, average weight up to 2.5-2.7 g	Very juicy and sweet

White rosehip seedlings, like any other, take root best when autumn planting. Experts recommend planting the plant in October or November.

Features of reproduction

Rose hips can be propagated by seeds, as well as by green cuttings, using root suckers or division:

• Green cuttings is the fastest and most convenient way to propagate rosehips with a high percentage of rooting. Before cutting, the bushes need to be fed with nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Cuttings should be cut with an oblique cut before lignification of the shoots. Each cutting should have three internodes, and lower leaves needs to be removed. The cuttings must be immersed in sections for a day in a solution of “Heteroauxin” at the rate of 0.2-0.3 g per 1 liter of water. Then the cuttings are planted in peat pots, and after rooting, in a permanent place.

• To spend propagation by seeds, they should be collected in August, separated from the pulp and washed. Sowing is carried out with a depth of 2.5 cm and a distance between holes of 2 cm. It is recommended to mulch the crops with sawdust and maintain constant soil moisture. After the first two leaves appear, it is necessary to transplant the seedlings to a permanent place with a distance of 10 cm. It should be remembered that as a result seed propagation young rosehip plants do not retain their varietal characteristics.
• To preserve the properties of the mother plant, it is used propagation by root suckers. From the most productive bush, a shoot 30-40 cm high should be separated with a shovel and planted in a new place. If necessary, you can bend the shoots down and pin them, and then sprinkle them with a layer of fertile soil. After a year you can separate young plant from the mother bush.

• The most suitable method for propagating old plants is bush division. In this case, the plant is dug up and the rhizome is divided into several parts with a pair of shoots.

Preparing a site for planting involves digging up the soil to a depth of two bayonets, removing weeds and adding humus. Plants should be placed with a distance between rows of 3 m. Bushes should be placed in a row with a distance of 1.5 m. Size landing pit should be 40 x 40 cm. Rose hips should be planted after the end of the growing season or in the early spring period, before the buds open.

Rules for caring for bushes

Care technology ornamental shrub is simple and requires compliance with the following rules:

• during the dry period, rosehip bushes need watering, which is especially important in the first year after planting;
• on the stage active growth shoots and ovaries, about 25-30 liters of water should be spent on each young bush, and 40-50 liters will be required to irrigate an adult plant;

• approximately in the third year, rosehip bushes need to be fed with organic matter and mineral complexes;
• nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied in spring and summer at the rate of 100-120 g per each mature plant;
• phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are included in autumn period, immediately after harvest, at the rate of 170 g per bush;
• good result give supplements decorative culture infusion of chicken manure or a solution based on slurry.

How to trim rose hips (video)

Pruning in the first year of cultivation involves removing all weakened root shoots, and the strongest and most developed ones should be left. When pruning in subsequent years, it is necessary to leave four well-developed shoots. Pruning at a height of a meter allows you to achieve spectacular tillering. On two-year-old shoots, pruning should be done to four buds. Deformed shoots and damaged branches are cut out of old plants. After ten years of cultivation, it is advisable to gradually replace the plantings with new bushes.

Rosehip has been considered a treasure trove since ancient times healing properties and was considered sacred plant. Therefore in modern world he hasn't lost his appeal.

Rosehip bushes can be found in almost every garden. Since those times, the only thing that has changed is that decorative varieties have appeared that decorate the garden delicate flowers. That's why they called it the wild rose.

Types of rose hips photos and names

– this species has dark green shiny leaves with many veins. Since the foliage is planted quite tightly to each other and thereby covers the entire bush, the branches are not even visible from afar, only continuous veins/wrinkles. It got its name for this feature.

The bush reaches one and a half meters in height, dotted with pink flowers(single or in groups of 4-5 pieces), it can become, for example, a hedge. It blooms for a long time, from June until autumn.

- is a shrub with snow-white or slightly pink flowers. It does not bloom for long (2-3 weeks), but profusely. This variety has significant advantages and disadvantages.

For example, you should be careful when choosing a planting site. The fact is that the roots grow on large plots, so if you need to get rid of the bush, it can cause problems. After all, even a small forgotten area of ​​roots can grow again.

- a tall shrub (up to two meters), with reddish-brown branches, on which there are practically no thorns. The leaves are dark green with a slight bluish tint. The flowers are bright pink with a snow-white spot spreading from the center.

– low-growing variety, growing up to one meter in height, has small shiny leaves and bright pink flowers. Flowering lasts about a month. It has good winter hardiness.

– large variety rosehip, can reach 2 m in height, blooms for about a month with large pink flowers. Often used as a hedge.

A large, spreading three-meter bush with snow-white or pale pink flowers. There are also spikes curved like hooks. Home distinctive feature this variety is that it is used as a rootstock for various varietal roses.

You need to be extremely careful in caring for this rosehip:

• it is very prickly;
• very often throws out root shoots, which can harm neighboring plants;
• It may freeze slightly, but recovers quickly.

- a medium-height shrub with small pink flowers collected in inflorescences. It got its name due to the fact that the leaves are able to emit the smell of fresh apples.

- an actively branching medium-sized shrub with single small pink flowers.

– has thorns only on young shoots. The flowers are large, deep pink, solitary. This is the oldest cultivated variety.

– has densely growing shoots with densely planted leaves of a bluish-gray color. It got its name because large quantity thin spikes, which from a distance create a certain hairiness. The fruits are edible, although they have bristles.

– has many small white flowers collected in inflorescences. IN natural conditions(in Korea) due to the warm climate, it can reach 6-7 meters in height.

In cold weather climatic zones, it must either be removed from the main support and covered for the winter, or grown as a ground cover plant. Whatever one may say, the cold has a detrimental effect on this delicate plant.

- a late-blooming shrub, has thick spreading branches with sparsely planted large leaves and flat spines peeking out from under them. The flowers are collected in paniculate, lacy inflorescences.

(yellow rose) – high decorative variety rosehip. It is a tall, vertically growing bush, while the ends of the branches bend downwards. During flowering, the entire bush is covered with bright yellow shaggy flowers. Creating a gentle cloud. A wonderful decoration for the garden.

It is worth noting that this variety tolerates frosts more easily than winter thaws, which can cause the plant to die.

Rosehip planting and care in open ground

Before you start planting a bush, you need to take a responsible approach to choosing a location.

Rose hips respond positively to well-lit areas for planting. It will be equally important to give preference to a small hill instead of lowlands, where there is often stagnation of water, due to the close occurrence of groundwater.

In addition, do not forget about protecting neighboring plants. The fact is that root system Rose hips grow very densely and actively, so additional strengthening is necessary. To do this, dig a small ditch at a distance of 1-1.5 m around the bush and at least 20-25 cm deep, and insert slate on those sides where it is planned to plant (or already exist) other plants.

Another interesting fact: those rosehip varieties that have edible fruits, are considered cross-pollinated, so they are planted in pairs, and if the task is only decorative decoration plot, then one bush is enough.

Rose is also a member of the Rosehip genus. Grown when planting and caring for open ground, without special troubles, if you follow all the rules of agricultural technology. You can find all the necessary recommendations for growing and care in this article.

Watering rose hips

As for watering, the bush is more likely to tolerate short-term drought than frequent stagnation of water. This is why watering is only needed during long dry periods.

In this case, 4-5 waterings per season are sufficient (about three buckets of water for one adult bush). If the summer is rainy, then there is no need for additional moisture.

Fertilizer for rose hips

Fertilizers are applied according to the following scheme: in the first year of life - nitrogen, three times per season (in early spring, mid-summer and early autumn).

In subsequent years - once a year, in the form of compost and humus.

Rosehip pruning

The bush must be pruned if it is no younger than three years old. During thinning, old branches (more than seven years old) and branches that stand out from the overall picture (too long, for example) are cut off, thus leaving the healthiest ones (20 pieces are enough).

The very next year, new branches will appear in their place, which will bring the harvest. Pruning is carried out only in early spring or late autumn.

Rosehip collection and preparation

Harvesting takes place from the second half of August until September. At the same time, the berries do not ripen at the same time, so the harvest is extended over time. Ripe fruits, depending on the variety, acquire a deep red or burgundy color. The most important thing is to do it before the frost starts. You should also not forget about special protection (tight gloves and thick clothing), since the bushes are extremely thorny.

The collected fruits must be dried. They can be dried either whole or cut into halves, removing seeds and lint. In the first case (entirely), drying is carried out in the oven at low temperatures (up to 70-90˚C). Well-dried fruits should spring back when squeezed, and in no case should they be crushed or crumble.

In the second case, the fruits can be dried simply in a dry room, spread on paper. Drying in this form retains much more vitamins.

Growing rose hips from seeds

Rose hips can be propagated in three ways: seeds, cuttings (seedlings) and root suckers.

Seeds are collected from still unripe fruits at the end of August in order to sow them in the ground in the fall (in October). The option of sowing in spring is possible, but then 2-3 weeks before the expected date of planting in open ground, it is necessary to grow seedlings in separate containers.

Rosehip propagation by cuttings

Cuttings are cut in late autumn (October-November) 10-15 cm long and this should be the middle part of the branch (not at the base, but not the thin young ends).

Then they need to be placed in water and wait for the roots to appear. After which the seedling is planted in a separate hole, the depth of which is about 20 cm (lime fertilizer must be placed on the bottom).

If rosehip bushes will serve as hedges in the future, then they are planted at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other, but if not, then at least a meter.

Reproduction of rose hips by root suckers

For propagation by root suckers, it is necessary to select only the most productive bush, from which in late autumn (or early spring) the most reliable offspring are selected that can develop independently.

Hilling is carried out several times, and after the baby takes root, it can be safely separated from the mother bush.

Rosehip pests

Rose hips have a lot of pests, but you shouldn’t be afraid of them. If you carry out preventive measures on time, adhere to proper care and provide timely treatment when pests or diseases are detected, then the bush will delight you for many years bright colors and useful fruits.

Among the pests you can find: aphid , scale insects , mole , ticks And sawflies .

As preventative measure against green aphids , at the very beginning of spring, even before the buds swell, the bushes are sprayed with a solution of mineral-oil emulsion (for example, the drug DNOC). In the event of an obvious aphid attack, the most effective means considered an infusion of tobacco (0.2 kg/10 liters of water - leave for two days).

Another option: a decoction of hot pepper (0.05 kg of ground pepper or 0.1 kg of fresh pepper per 1 liter of water), which must be boiled in a saucepan with tightly closed lid about an hour, then leave for two days. The result is a very concentrated decoction, which is diluted with water (1:7) before use.

These infusions are poured into spray containers. Traditional methods so many. For example, an infusion of onions, garlic or pine/spruce needles.

Considered no less dangerous sawflies , which lay eggs on shoots, from which larvae emerge that feed on the foliage. If detected, it is necessary to remove the affected foliage and shoots and burn them to avoid further spread throughout the area. After which the bush is treated with one of the organophosphorus preparations.

Rose hip caterpillar pest

A treat for caterpillars are buds, leaves, and the tips of young shoots. It is necessary to remove clutches with eggs and/or the pests themselves from the affected areas, and then treat them with one of the solutions with a concentration of 0.2%: trichlorometaphos - 3, fozalone, chlorophos, karbofos.

In addition, caterpillars can be destroyed using a more gentle method for the plant - a decoction of wormwood (boil 1 kg of herb in 4 liters of water, cool and dilute to a volume of 10 liters before spraying).

Rose hip diseases

In addition to pests, rose hips may exhibit fungal diseases, the most common is powdery mildew . Symptoms: appearance white plaque on the leaves, gradually acquiring a brown color. Leads to curling and premature falling of leaves, a decrease or absence of yield, and slower growth of shoots.

In the fight against powdery mildew, rust, gray rot and spotting, use the following complex solution: 20 g copper sulfate and 200 g of liquid potassium soap (proportion 1:10) are diluted in 10 liters of water.

Rosehip beneficial properties and contraindications

Almost everyone knows that rose hips have a lot of beneficial properties for the human body. Let's take a closer look at all these advantages.

Fact: 15 g of dried fruit contains the norm daily dose vitamin C, for humans.

Use in medicine: increases the body's resistance against viral diseases, promotes the healing of wounds, ulcers and burns, improves well-being in diseases of the liver, kidneys and gall bladder (a decoction of dried berries is used). During gastrointestinal disorders and dysentery, it is recommended to use a decoction of rosehip branches and shoots.

It has been noted that regular consumption of rose hips, in small doses, helps protect against the early spring annual loss of strength and strengthens the immune system.

Rosehip jam

Ingredients:

• 1 cup of sugar
• 2 cups berries

To begin with, the collected fruits must be washed, dried, cut in half and the seeds removed. So, approximately, from a kilogram of berries you will get half a kilo of preparations. After cleaning, the rose hips must be rinsed again to get rid of any remaining seeds and fibers.

And now the most important thing. Before you add sugar to the berries and start cooking, you need to carry out a very important procedure that will help soften the skin. To do this, pour boiling water over the berries, put on the fire for five minutes, then drain and rinse in cold water. Now add sugar and add 1-2 tbsp. l. water.

Cook the jam three times for five minutes (after boiling), with intervals for cooling (for 7-8 hours). Be sure to remove any foam that forms on the surface.

Important point! The finished jam is transferred to a sterilized jar with a screw-on lid and stored in the basement or refrigerator. If you store the jam at room temperature, then the amount of sugar must be doubled.

Nowadays, when thousands of varieties of roses have been created in the world, the most incredible shapes and colors, their wild ancestors - rose hips - are still popular among gardeners. Although, in fairness, it should be noted that wild roses are especially favored by professional designers.

The reason for this is that rose hips have many advantages over their noble descendants. Firstly, they maintain a neat bush shape all season long, many of them begin to bloom early and abundantly, and in the fall they are decorated with beautifully colored foliage and fruits that can be used for food or left for birds.

From the designer’s point of view, rose hips are more flexible - they can be used in hedges, as undergrowth for trees, and the peculiar appearance of some varieties of rose hips allows them to be used in solitary plantings.

And although there is an opinion that rose hips are unpretentious and do not need care, this is not entirely true. There are also those who can freeze very much, suffer from short winter thaws, and cold wet summers in the middle zone. The purpose of this article is to talk about the easiest ones to keep in the zone temperate climate rose hips.

Rose wrinkled (Rosa rugosa) is the most famous and widespread of the wild roses, it is native to Far East. It is characterized by a neat, compact bush shape up to one and a half meters high. Its name r. wrinkled thanks to large, dark green leaves, the shiny surface of which is cut by many clear veins. They cover the bush in such numbers that the branches, completely covered with long prickly thorns, are almost invisible under the leaves.

Another characteristic feature R. wrinkled, has a long flowering period - from June to autumn, it has pink flowers, the usual shape for wild roses, with a pleasant aroma, arranged singly or in small groups of 3-6 flowers.

In addition to this typical form in gardening, there are others that differ in the height and shape of the bush, color and shape of the flower. But, despite this, they have a lot in common - all the bushes are erect, dense and dressed in recognizable “wrinkled” leaves. Quite common in landscaping: white terry form ( R.r.f. albo-plena), raspberry terry forms ( R.r.f. plena, R.r.f. rubroplena), one of the oldest varieties ‘ Hansa ’ with large red-violet flowers, ‘ Frau Dagmar Hartopp ’ - a low, compact variety with simple dark pink flowers that lighten over time.

There are also many hybrid varieties, which make up the majority of the collection of park roses, of which perhaps the most original is the group Grootendorst– carnation roses. They have small double flowers with jagged petals, which are collected in dense inflorescences. In this group white ( ‘ White Grootendorst ’ ), pink ( ‘Pink Grootendorst’ ) and raspberry ( ‘ F.J. Grootendorst ’ ) varieties.

Today, Canadian hybrids are becoming increasingly popular in our country. R. wrinkled, including ground cover roses, widely used in the design of slopes. But unfortunately, there is a tendency: the more decorative a hybrid becomes, the more it loses one of its main advantages - winter hardiness. That's why R. wrinkled and its simple forms were and remain the most unpretentious and adapted to all sorts of weather surprises in central Russia.

R. femorifolia, or R. prickly(R.pimpinellifolia=R.spinosissima) is also a fairly well-known and widespread rose hip. It is a spreading shrub with small graceful leaves and white or slightly yellowish flowers with a strong aroma. It blooms profusely, but not for long - about 3 weeks, the fruits are unusually black.

This species is quite variable - its height can vary from 1 to 2 m, and the color of the flowers can be pink or lemon yellow. This species was especially popular in England and Scotland, where several hundred varieties were bred, including variegated, bicolor, and double varieties. This group of hybrids is known as Scottish Roses, in our country the terry variety is widespread ‘ Double White ’ , up to 2 m high.

This rose has a rather “piquant” feature - once planted, it is then extremely difficult to remove. Its shoots sprout at a considerable distance from the mother bush, and the roots, not completely removed from the ground during uprooting, continue to function. Therefore, plant the river. femoral foliage can be planted where its “sabotage” cannot harm anyone. But it has 3 undoubted advantages - it is drought-resistant, frost-resistant and perfectly strengthens the slopes.

R. sizaya, or r.red-leaved (R.glauca = R.rubrifolia) – is becoming increasingly popular in our country. This is an elegant European shrub, up to 2 m high, with reddish-brown, almost thornless branches. The leaves are bluish-green with a reddish tint, due to this coloring. blue is of interest when composing landscape compositions even in the absence of flowering, because may contrast unusually with yellow-leaved forms ornamental plants and serve as an advantageous backdrop for a bright flower garden. It blooms in June with small, up to 3 cm in diameter, brightly colored flowers. Pink colour with a light center. R. sizaya is a plant that is stable in cultivation, practically does not freeze and does not produce offspring.

R. brilliant(R.nitida) is a small American rosehip, sometimes found in our catalogs. The bush is dense, compact with thin brownish branches, densely strewn with bristles of thorns, reaching a height of no more than 1 m. The leaves are small, shiny in the sun, and by autumn they acquire a pleasant red color. Medium-sized flowers (up to 5 cm), hot pink color, collected in small inflorescences, bloom in June, flowering lasts about a month. Quite similar view to the river. shiny - R. Carolina, or R. low (R. carolina=R. humilis) with dull leaves. These miniature (for wild roses) species have good winter hardiness and are mainly used for low hedges and mixborders.

R. lovely (R. blanda)- Another one American look rose hips, but larger in size, up to 2 m high. It is not particularly decorative, but it is simple and reliable in cultivation. It has a well-leafed crown, blooms with large pink flowers in late May-June for just over a month, and is good as a hedge.

Some of the native rosehip species found in middle lane, are also actively used in ornamental gardening.

R. canine (R. canina) is a powerful spreading shrub up to 3 m high with greenish thick trunks dotted with hooked thorns. Covered with many leaves of pure green color, in June it blooms with medium-sized pale pink or white flowers, collected in groups of 3-5 pieces. R. canine is often used as a rootstock for varietal roses. In culture, its behavior is unpredictable: it throws its root shoots far away, can freeze severely, especially on overly fertile soils, but it always recovers quickly. Short winter thaws also negatively affect its condition, so p. Canine is best planted in well-drained sunny areas. It requires a lot of space and... careful handling due to the many formidable thorns that can cause a lot of trouble to those who meet on its way. The most appropriate place for her, a hedge at the farthest end of the plot, where a fierce rose can stop unwanted visitors.

R. fragrant, or R. rusty (R.eglanteria=R.rubiginosa) is a less aggressive species, although not without spines. A bush of medium height (1.5-2 m), highly branched, with small round, dark green leaves with interesting feature, which determined one of the names of this rose. The leaves are covered with special aromatic glands, giving them the smell of fresh apples. It blooms in June with small pink flowers collected in inflorescences. In terms of its requirements for agricultural technology, it does not differ from the river. canine and is also mainly used in hedges.

R. spinosa (R.acicularis) - an actively spreading shrub 1.5-2 m high, forms dense thickets consisting of thin prickly shoots. Covered with thin green leaves, it blooms in June with single pink flowers of medium size. This plant is recommended for landscaping public parks; it requires less light and tolerates dampness better than other rosehips.

R. mayskaya or R. cinnamon (R. majalis=R.cinnamomea) is a very calm, spreading bush with regard to growth, up to 2 m high. Thorns and bristles are found only on young shoots; on flowering shoots they are practically absent. The leaves are tender, slightly pubescent at the bottom. The flowers are single, deep pink, up to 5 cm in diameter, bloom in May and continue to bloom until July, the fruits are edible. This is one of the oldest roses in cultivation, it can grow in light partial shade and can withstand dampness well.

R. shaggy, or R. apple (R. villosa=R. pomifera) - a dense bush with dense branches strewn with frequent, thin, straight thorns, reaches a height of 2 m. Covered with large leaves (up to 15 cm) of a gray-bluish tint, which is created due to dense pubescence on the lower side. Flowering begins in June, but the small, pale pink flowers quickly fall off. The fruits of the river are very decorative. shaggy, they are large, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, edible, although covered with bristles. R. felt (R.tomentosa) is similar to her appearance, however, its fruits are slightly smaller in size. These two rosehips are inferior to other types in terms of decorativeness, but using their beautiful bluish tint, they can be used to create interesting color compositions.

And now a little more rare species rose hips.

R. hugonis (R. hugonis) is a Chinese yellow highly decorative rose hip, it is traditionally bred in Western European gardens. It is a tall, vertically growing bush with drooping branches. At the time of flowering (early May) it is covered with a continuous cloud of small (up to 5 cm) butter-yellow flowers. In Russia, such decorativeness is achievable only under particularly favorable weather conditions and good agricultural technology. On the river hugonis looks like asian R. smelly, or R. yellow (R. foetida=R. lutea), which is often recommended for planting in the middle zone, however, it is more sensitive to dampness. If severe frosts are not very scary for it, then winter thaws can lead to the death of the plant.

R. multiflorum (R. multiflora) – has an interesting climbing shape, its long flexible shoots are completely covered with prickly thorns. In their historical homeland - Korea, their length can reach 7 m, but in Russia this is achievable only by removing the rose from the support in front of winter cold. However, it can be grown as a ground cover plant. Its flowers are small white, collected in wide inflorescences, emitting pleasant aroma. It can suffer greatly from prolonged severe frosts, up to the complete demolition of the bush above ground level, but next year it quickly restores what was lost.

R. Moiesi (R. moyesii) is a large spreading bush, native to China, reaching a height of 2-3 m. Its thin brownish branches are infrequently covered with paired straight thorns and large smooth leaves. Flowering begins in June, at which time the plant is completely covered with single blood-red flowers, but most of all, this rose is famous for its fiery bottle-shaped fruits, reaching a length of 6 cm. However, in the wild, this spectacular rose hip can only be found in botanical gardens. gardens, but some varieties, the so-called hybrids of the river. Moyesi sometimes appear on public sale. The most famous are raspberry ‘ Geranium ’ , ‘Margaret Hilling ’ and cream ‘ Nevada ’ . Their main advantages, inherited from the parent, are very large and abundant flowers and fruits. These rose hips are not very winter-hardy - young shoots can be seriously frostbitten. These plants rightfully claim to be tapeworms due to their extravagant appearance.

R. bristlefoot (R. setipoda) is a rare late-flowering rose hip native to Western China. The bush is large, bulky, reaches a height of 3 m, the branches are thick, green, curving to the ground, covered with huge flattened thorns. The leaves are large, sparsely spaced, and between them are visible lacy paniculate inflorescences of small pink flowers. In winter, the ends of the shoots may freeze, but with the onset of warm days the plant quickly recovers. This is a shrub for large areas; it will appeal to all lovers of exotic plants.

Wild rose hips undoubtedly contribute special flavor V landscape composition any garden, they are natural in any environment, devoid of pretentiousness and pomp, decorated not only with flowers, but also with decorative berries.