Preface

Construction of wooden panel or frame- panel houses- one of the most simple ways become the owner of a good-quality building on your site in the shortest possible time.

Contents

Construction of wooden panel or frame-panel houses is one of the easiest ways to become the owner of a solid building on your site in the shortest possible time. Of course, such buildings are by no means “forever”, but for 50 years, with strict adherence to operating rules, they will definitely last. What design differences between these houses, and how are they built?

What is the difference between a panel house and a frame house and how to build it

The answer to the question “what is the difference between a panel house and a frame house” is obvious: The main structural parts of panel houses consist of enlarged panel elements. These parts of wooden panel houses are usually manufactured at a factory. The process of erecting such buildings comes down to the installation of these panels at the construction site and finishing work. The construction of wooden panel houses reduces the labor intensity of work and ensures high installation rates.

In such buildings, the basis of the walls is the lower frame made of wooden antiseptic beams, laid along the building and attached to it using anchor bolts. Wall panels are installed on the frame. The wall panels are secured from above with the top frame laid on them, on which the attic floor rests.

Wall panels are made internal and external, which, in turn, are divided into blind, window and door. The height of the boards is equal to the height of the floor, the width is assumed to be 600-1200 mm. The panels consist of paving frames and sheathing, internal and external, between which insulation is placed.

Mineral felt mattresses are used as insulation for panels. The boards are placed under the sheathing on the inside to prevent the formation of condensation of water vapor inside the board penetrating into it from the side of the room. To reduce airflow, paper is placed under the outer skin.

Panel board construction technology wooden houses assumes vertical arrangement boards with subsequent connection with nails. When making joints between panels, it is necessary to ensure sufficient density and airtightness of the joint. The joint must be covered with continuous layers of air and vapor barrier. A layer of mineral felt 20 mm thick is laid into the joint, gluing it with cold bitumen mastic. Then, using a lever device, the joint is compressed. In panel houses, panel or beam floors are becoming obsolete.

Before building a panel house, it is necessary to take measures to protect the basement and eaves assemblies from freezing. This is done by installing an insulated base and an insulated frieze belt at the eaves, as well as by humidifying the internal air with vaporous moisture, arranging a vapor barrier for this purpose.

Under basement floor The underground is not insulated. The underground must be cold and well-ventilated, and the ceiling structure above the underground and especially the basement assembly must have reliable insulation and vapor barrier laid on top under the finished floor structure. To protect against freezing, an insulated belt is installed outside at the ceiling level.

Wooden houses must be protected from rotting and fire by carrying out septic and fire-retardant treatment of the wood.

See what panel wooden houses look like in the photos below:

How to build a wooden frame-panel house

Wooden frame- panel houses differ from panel boards in the presence of a frame on which the boards are mounted. Panels for frame-panel houses are made of lightweight construction, since they do not carry any load other than their own weight. If there is a frame, compared to panel houses, the number of joints doubles. The technology for constructing frame-panel houses is similar to the technology for constructing panel houses.

Factory-made prefabricated houses are timber-framed, frame-panel and frame-sheathed. The frame for a frame-panel house is filled with fiberboard or wood-fiber boards. External walls are lined with asbestos-cement colored slabs, siding, “lining” and other materials.

In a frame-sheathing house, the frame is assembled from beams - vertical posts, lower and upper frames. The frame is sheathed inside and outside with edged boards, the space between which is filled with heat-insulating materials. Rafters and floor beams, made of 50 mm thick boards, provide additional reinforcement to the frame.

As you can see in the photo, prefabricated frame-panel houses are produced as one-, two- and, less commonly, three-story:

They are collected on a pre-prepared construction site from ready-made elements.

For insulation frame house polystyrene foam, mineral wool, mineral wool and other lightweight materials are used to fill the internal spaces of the walls. These materials have the lowest thermal conductivity. Thanks to this, with a total wall thickness of only 200-250 mm, their resistance to external cold is equivalent brick wall, having a thickness of 2 meters!

It is believed that frame houses last no more than 30 years. However, practice has shown that by following technologies for the construction of frame-panel houses and using high-quality modern materials, you can increase their service life to 50-70 years or more.

As with any building, before building a frame-panel house, you need to build. Since frame walls are the lightest known and have a high degree of resistance to deformation, they can be built on columnar foundations or floating column foundations.

When constructing frame-panel houses, it is necessary to comply with the necessary parameters of the frame posts - they should be 250-300 cm high. They are placed in the corners and along the walls every 70-80 cm, as well as on both sides of all doors and windows. The racks are fastened with notches or tenons. The width of the boards for the racks is at least 10 cm, because it is this that will determine the thickness of the future walls. Before laying the bottom trim, the foundation is insulated with two layers of roofing felt.

The assembly of frame-panel houses in several floors is carried out in stages: the walls of the first floor are attached to the prepared projection of the foundation, fastened together, as well as on top with horizontal strapping. Then the ceiling structures are installed, forming a support for the assembly of the next floor according to the same principle. The rough assembly of a panel house according to this scheme is carried out in 2-3 days, including the installation of a roof to protect it from rain. Next, the main structure is equipped with shields. Then the panel panels need to be covered with insulation, and a vapor barrier should be applied to the inside of the walls. This will significantly protect against the appearance of condensation penetrating from the room. Interior decoration It is most often performed with gypsum panels or wood sheathing.

The video “Frame-panel houses” will help you better imagine the technology of their construction:

Pros and cons of frame-panel wooden houses

Like any buildings, wooden frame-panel houses have their pros and cons that must be taken into account.

An undoubted advantage is that a frame-panel house can be built quickly. This is due to the fact that, first of all, it is very easy to design. This also applies general layout, and layouts separate rooms, determining locations for windows and doors, as well as cladding of external walls, placement household appliances and other equipment. It is also possible to purposefully vary thermal conductivity and sound insulation depending on the needs of the customer. At the same time, the thickness of the walls remains quite small and saves approximately 10% of the living space. Frame walls can withstand an unlimited number of freeze-thaw cycles. Sheathing made of CSP (cement particle board) provides protection from fire and moisture. Material costs for construction frame walls the most minimal. And, most importantly, thanks to the easy “dry” assembly technology, the time it takes to put the house into operation is significantly reduced. During well-organized work, enter frame house possible a month after the start of construction.

The disadvantages of frame-panel houses are that wooden walls are highly flammable and susceptible to insect pests and rot, and therefore require special treatment and structural protection from moisture and fire.

The main material for cladding frame walls quickly (within 1-2 years) dries out, and cracks appear on the wall (if the work is done correctly, not through). Increasing the size of the house (L walls > 9 m, height > 2 floors) leads to a significant complication of the frame and a decrease in reliability.

Insulating a frame house with sawdust is one of many methods of thermal insulation of panel wooden houses. Considering the relatively low overall price of such buildings and the fact that sawdust is considered a shareware material, the benefit is double.

Before talking about the thermal insulation of such a wooden structure, it is necessary to understand how they are built, what materials and technologies are used for their construction.

According to one technology, the frame of a panel building is made of wood. It can be a beam made from a solid log or laminated veneer lumber. A metal profile can also be used. After this, the frame structure is sheathed on both sides with boards, multi-layer plywood or OSB boards. But insulation must be laid between them. The outer side can then be finished with clapboard, block house, vinyl or metal siding. The interior of the premises in a frame house is usually finished with plasterboard, as can be seen in the photo.

The disadvantages include the fact that it is very difficult to make such houses with your own hands. Only qualified craftsmen with special equipment can assemble the “skeleton” of the structure correctly.

Also frame buildings made of wood, as a rule, there are no more than two floors. The living space is small, but for an ordinary family it is quite enough. And due to the device in attic warm attic it can be significantly increased.

In addition, all wooden elements must be treated with antiseptics, which is problematic to do with your own hands. And all factory-made parts of the house pass high-quality processing anti-rotting preparations - for this they are immersed in special large containers.

The walls are sheathed on both sides wooden material, between which it is necessary to lay thermal insulation material. This can be mineral basalt wool, expanded polystyrene (foam), expanded clay or sawdust.

Frame-panel houses

This construction technology is impossible without production processes. Shields are manufactured according to standard project, which greatly reduces their cost. It is possible to order panels according to an individual project, which will undoubtedly cost more. Such panels already contain insulation and, possibly, an external finishing layer (they may be without it). The panels are delivered to the place where, with the help of lifting equipment, the entire house is assembled on a wooden frame, almost like a children's construction set.

Due to the short construction time, this option for assembling frame structures is very popular today, despite the higher cost of the entire project than when building on your own.

Factory made Wall panels and all other elements of the house meet all the requirements of quality and environmental standards.

In principle, both options for constructing a frame house made of wood cost approximately the same. In the first option, the materials themselves will cost a little less, but subsequently you will have to spend the saved money on internal and external finishing. In the second case, you will have to spend less on this work.

The first thing that needs to be said is the location of the insulation. It depends on physical features distribution of warm air inside the walls of the house. If the walls are not insulated at all, then warm air, passing through the wall structure, will gradually cool, which will ultimately lead to its freezing.

When the insulation is located on the outside wooden house the freezing point will move to the outer part of the wall, and under sub-zero temperature in the end there will only be a third of it. If the insulation in a wooden building is located in frame block, then in this case thermal insulation will reduce heat loss to 80–90%.

The conclusion is obvious - it is necessary to insulate frame or panel houses by filling the internal cavity of the walls with insulation, which is clearly visible in the photo. You can also lay thermal insulation inside the room, this will further enhance thermal characteristics wooden structure and extend service life wall material.

Frame houses can be insulated directly during the construction process. After mounted outer skin, you will need to lay material in the internal cavities. The work technology is selected according to the selected heat-insulating material.

Basalt wool

The main problem when working with this material will be its protection from moisture. To do this, hydro- and vapor barrier films are laid on both sides of the basalt sheet. Connect the individual strips overlapping, fastening them together with construction tape, as can be seen in the photo.

When constructing panel wooden houses according to frame technology vertical racks installed in increments of 60 cm. This corresponds to the size of the mineral wool slabs. In this case, it will be possible to place the slabs inside without cutting them. In regions with more severe winters, basalt insulation is laid in three layers. In this case, all joints between the plates must be covered with the entire material of the subsequent layer to prevent the formation of cold bridges. Next is the interior wall cladding.

In order to make the facade ventilated, the walls are covered with lathing made of wooden blocks or metal profile. After this, hydro- and vapor barrier is installed, basalt wool slabs are laid and covered again with a vapor barrier film. Attaching insulation slabs and film to the facade of frame-panel buildings is carried out using special elements with a wide head.

Polyurethane foam

Only specialists can work with this material, since the technology of insulating panel houses with polyurethane foam involves the use of specialized equipment. Despite this, insulating a wooden house with polyurethane foam is quite attractive:

• all gaps and cracks are completely closed,
• additional strength due to filling the cells of the house frame with material,
• maximum protection from the cold.

Sawdust

At the stages of construction of panel rooms frame houses Sometimes this “old-fashioned” method of thermal insulation of walls can be used. Insulation is not done with pure sawdust, but with a mixture of them with lime, cement and an antiseptic. More often the underground space is filled with this insulator. But sometimes they are also used to insulate walls. In this case, they are laid in small layers with each one carefully compacted.

Insulating wooden houses with sawdust has some positive aspects, the main one of which is the cost of the work. But the disadvantages are significant:

• fire hazard,
• labor intensity,
• low thermal stability.

When building frame-panel houses, it is better to use modern technologies insulation, which have already proven themselves from the very the best side. If all work is carried out correctly, you can not only be sure of a comfortable temperature inside the house, but also not worry about the durability of the materials used.

Wood as a material for construction has been used by our ancestors for a very long time. This is due to the many advantages of wood: natural air exchange, accessibility and ease of use of this material, durability and excellent aesthetic properties. In the 21st century, people increasingly began to build houses from wood. There are many options for wooden houses: from chopped or rounded logs, from sawn or planed timber, from profiled or glued timber, from double or mini timber. But there is another option, which, of course, is not entirely wood construction - these are wooden frame houses. In order to do this, not only wood is needed, but also various construction films and membranes.

Finland and Canada are considered the birthplace of the construction of frame structures. These countries have an even harsher climate than Russia, so the technology took root and began to develop in our country. The first frame houses began to be built in the USSR in the 60s of the 20th century. It was then that the basic standards for the construction of such buildings were adopted.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

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A frame house is a structure based on a timber frame. The walls consist of a frame, insulation, which is laid between the frame elements, external and internal cladding and related materials. Not only wood can be used as cladding materials, but in this article we will talk about wood-based cladding.

The rapid development of frame housing construction and its widespread use in various regions is due to the many advantages of such houses:

• Cheapness finished house Full construction;
• High pace of construction (houses can be built at any time of the year);
• Construction does not require the use of heavy construction equipment and special tools;
• Raising the roof of a house is possible with a team of 2-3 people;
• Thermal efficiency of frame houses (with a small wall thickness it is possible to achieve a very low heat loss coefficient);
• Wide selection of projects and layouts.

Of course, some disadvantages of frame structures cannot be ignored:

• Frame houses are inferior in durability to both log houses and brick structures;
• All frame houses are built according to the principle of a thermos, so installation of additional ventilation is necessary;
• Low level of sound insulation;
• High fire danger.

How are timber frame houses built?

The construction of a wooden frame house is carried out in several stages, each of which is important for one of the characteristics of the future structure:

• Durability and reliability of the design. The foundation, frame of the floor, walls, ceiling and roof are responsible for this.
• Aesthetic appearance. The design features, external and internal, are responsible for this Decoration Materials.
• Comfort. Elements of communications, finishing materials and insulation (hard to imagine comfortable life in a cold house).
• Durability. This indicator is responsible for using only quality materials at all stages of construction and strict adherence to the technology of using each of the materials.

Now let's look at building a frame house step by step.

Drawing up a project, drawings and estimates

The construction of any object, including a frame house, is impossible without drawing up a project. Moreover, the construction of a house with many rooms and communication elements, since it is impossible to mentally take into account all the necessary elements of construction. You can choose a project from the Internet or use a project proposed by the developer (if you hire a contractor).

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

Ask a question to an expert

When building a small country house you can get by with a facade design, house layout and wall drawings indicating the location of window and doorways. In the case of building a residential building, it is necessary to arm yourself with a large book of drawings, which includes the facade, layout, drawings of walls, roofing, frame elements and the method of fastening them together, insulation diagrams, drawings of the location of communications. Without these documents, it is almost impossible to build a truly cozy and reliable building.

Let's look at several projects: from the simplest country houses to large frame cottages.

One-story house 4x4 m

One floor, one room, gable roof– where it could be simpler. For such a house you will not need any drawings. It is only important to imagine where the windows and doors will be.

One-story house 6x6 m

Quite suitable for permanent residence house But still it is more suitable for a summer stay. Such a project also does not require complex drawings. Installation load-bearing walls can be made according to the facade drawing, and partitions can be erected after finishing the load-bearing walls.

Two-story frame cottage

Looking at this house, it's hard to believe it frame design. But this is true. The frames are made of 150x150 mm timber, the wall frame is made of 50x150 mm timber. Exterior decoration– imitation timber, internal eurolining. With a total living area of ​​237 sq. m this house will cost you a little more than 2.5 million rubles. How can such a project be implemented without drawings of all the walls, partitions and main components?

Foundation installation work

Work on the construction site begins with the foundation. A frame wooden house is significantly lighter in weight than any other wooden building. Therefore, under frame structure a simpler foundation will be required. The most common and popular types of foundations for wooden frame houses:

• Shallow strip foundation (for two-story houses or residential buildings with significant wall thickness);
• Columnar foundation (for country houses and residential buildings with one floor or thin walls);
• Pile foundation (suitable for any type of frame structures on soils with good bearing capacity);
• Foundation on screw piles (suitable for any type of structure and any soil). The technology is quite young, but has already proven itself on the positive side, and is becoming more widespread every year.

Installation of grillage, installation of floor joists, floor insulation

For frame houses, reinforced concrete grillage is rarely used (except strip foundation). Therefore, in most cases, the strapping beam will be a grillage. Waterproofing must be laid between the strapping beam and the foundation. After installing the strapping in one plane and checking the level of the timber, you can begin installing the floor joists. A feature of frame technology is the need to install the floor of the first floor or at least floor joists before erecting the walls.
To install the first floor logs, a beam is used, the cross-section of which is calculated depending on the load, the pitch between the logs and the span length of the log supports.

For the convenience of subsequent construction work Immediately after installation, the floor is insulated and the floor covering is laid. Floor insulation is impossible without installing a rough base, which serves as a platform for laying insulation between the joists. To lay the subfloor, bars are attached to the side surface of the joists, and a 25 mm thick edged board is laid on them. By subfloor spread a vapor-permeable membrane. Now you can lay insulation between the floor joists - mineral wool or fiberglass.

Since we decided to build a strictly wooden frame house, we will use wood as the finishing floor covering. You can make the flooring from edged boards 40 or 50 mm thick, then lay a layer of plywood and only then lay the finishing floor covering. But this option is not the simplest and is very expensive. The best option will use a solid floor board (floor slats) with a thickness of 28 or 36 mm, depending on the pitch between the logs. The board is equipped with a tongue and groove, which allows installation in a lock. This material is laid immediately after the vapor barrier contour on top of the floor joists. The floor board is secured with self-tapping screws. As a result, we get an even planed fabric without gaps or differences, which does not require scraping or sanding. The finishing for such floors is parquet or yacht varnish.

What material do you like the house from most?

You can select up to 3 answer options

House made of timber

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House using Canadian technology

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Log house

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Brick house

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House made of aerated concrete blocks

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House made of rounded logs

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Monolithic house

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House made of sip panels

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House made of foam blocks

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Construction of walls of a frame house

The walls of a frame house consist of a frame, sheathing - internal and external - and insulation. Therefore, their construction consists of several stages.

The frame is mounted from timber 50x100, 50x150, 100x150 mm or more, depending on the number of floors, the complexity of the structure and the thickness of the wall insulation. The installation of the frame is carried out in accordance with the project, with the laying of the necessary elements to strengthen the window and door openings.

After installing the frame of the load-bearing walls, external or internal cladding can be carried out (with preliminary stripping of a vapor barrier when cladding from the inside or a vapor-permeable membrane when cladding from the outside). Options wood paneling inside or outside: eurolining, imitation timber, blockhouse or imitation log, straight or beveled plank, shingles, solid board floor (used not only for the floor, but also for walls and ceilings).

Insulation can be postponed until final installation roofing system. The walls are insulated with the same mineral wool or fiberglass-based insulation.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the installation of partitions. There are two ways to arrange partitions:

• The frame for partitions is mounted together with the frame of load-bearing walls.
• Partitions are installed during the finishing process of the house.

In the first case, the partitions are mounted according to the principle of load-bearing walls. By floor joists or finished floor covering racks made of timber are installed (for partitions, timber with a cross-section of more than 50x100 mm is rarely used). The vertical posts are secured with the top trim. Doorways are also strengthened.

When installing partitions, during the finishing process, a cranial block is sewn along the floor and ceiling, to which the vertical posts will be attached. The skull block must have attachments to the load-bearing joists.

Another important element walls of a frame house - communications. Most of them are mounted inside walls. Therefore, before the final covering of the walls, elements are laid engineering systems, which will then be hidden behind the skin. This is especially true for electricians.

Ceiling installation

Installation of the ceiling is carried out similarly to the installation of the floor. You just have to remember about communications, which are also large quantities present in ceilings.

Installation of rafter system and roofing system

Working with the roof of a wooden frame house is no different from installing the roofing system of any other house. Many articles on the Internet are devoted to the rules for installing a roofing system. Our goal was not to teach you how to build a frame house. We only indicate the necessary steps in the construction process. We will not focus on the roof either.

Finishing and final installation of communications

We used only wood as a finishing material. So for final finishing All you need to do is cover the cladding, floor and ceiling materials paint and varnish materials. Further installation of communications is also no different from work in any other house. So we can say that your house is ready for housewarming.

Conclusion

Yes, a frame house cannot be called 100% wooden. But all materials used for the construction of a frame house are exclusively environmentally friendly. In most log houses it is also necessary to use insulation (at least when installing the floors of the first floor). So a frame house can safely be called a wooden structure.

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas. 15 years of experience

Prefabricated houses are attractive because once the foundation is ready, the house itself can be erected very quickly. For example, building a frame house with your own hands, with the help of two people, is possible in a month without haste. And this is if inexperienced workers who only know how to hold a hammer in their hands are involved in construction. This is because the assembly occurs step by step: regular repetition of simple actions. It is only important to know how to correctly assemble each unit. Having instructions and understanding the principle of construction, anyone can assemble a frame house on their own.

Frame construction is no less attractive because it can be done at minimal cost. How much money will be required for construction depends on the size of the house, on the materials used (type and grade of wood, finishing materials). But in any case, this is one of the cheapest methods. (

Timber frame houses are not the only ones. There are regions where wood is a luxury. They put it there. Despite the fact that metal is not cheap today, it still turns out to be relatively inexpensive.

One more thing. Many people are interested in whether it is possible to leave a frame house unfinished, and if so, at what stages. The answer is yes, and the first stage is known to everyone: the finished foundation is left to winter. The following wintering options are also possible:

• foundation + frame + roof (without floor);
• foundation + frame + roof + external cladding OSB + wind protection;
• foundation + frame + roof + external cladding OSB + wind protection + mounted and insulated floor and ceiling + partitions.

It is dangerous to leave windows and doors unattended over the winter. In other options, delaying the completion of construction is even a good idea: the wood will dry out. In winter, as a rule, low humidity and drying is active. At the same time, identify all the jambs in the already assembled part.

After pouring the piles, a grillage is installed, and the reinforcement is laid and tied into it. Longitudinal rods are connected to bent reinforcement outlets from the piles. At this stage, holes are left in the tape for supplying communications and (insert pieces plastic pipes across the tape).

The strapping beam will subsequently be attached to the foundation strip. To install it, studs are fixed in the tape. They are installed in increments of 1-2 meters. From each corner, 30 cm are retreated in both directions. Here, studs are required, the rest depending on the dimensions of the house, but at least every 2 meters. Please note that it is the studs that connect the frame of the house to the foundation. That’s why it’s better to deliver more often. And one more thing: no matter how short the wall is, there must be at least two studs.

When everything is ready, the concrete is poured.

After pouring the concrete, so that it does not dry out, but gains strength, it is better to cover it with polyethylene (look at the photo). If the temperature after pouring the foundation remains within +20°C, construction can continue after about 3-5 days. During this time, under such conditions, concrete will gain more than 50% of its strength. You can work with it freely. When the temperature drops, the period increases significantly. So at +17°C you need to wait about 10 days.

Step 2: Bottom Rail and Floor

To prevent the wood of the frame from drawing moisture from the concrete, a cut-off waterproofing of the foundation is necessary. The safest way to do this is with bitumen mastic. And it’s better - in two layers. You can also use roll waterproofing. Roofing felt is cheaper, but it breaks over time. Waterproofing or other similar modern material is more reliable.

You can coat the grillage once with mastic, and roll out waterproofing on top. Another option for shut-off waterproofing under a frame house - two layers of waterproofing coated with mastic: the closer the groundwater is, the more thorough the waterproofing should be.

The first layer is liquid waterproofing. While it is not dry, you can glue a layer of rolled waterproofing on it.

Then the beds are laid - boards measuring 150 * 50 mm. They must be dry, impregnated with bioprotective and fire-retardant compounds. The edge of the bed is aligned with the outer edge of the foundation. In the necessary places, holes are drilled for the studs (the diameter of the hole is 2-3 mm larger than the diameter of the stud). Then the second board is laid. It is placed so as to cover the joint of the first row. It turns out to be a castle.

The second board is laid so that the joints overlap

In general, you can lay one beam of 100-150 cm, but its price is much higher than two boards, which together give the same thickness, and properly fastened two boards have a greater load-bearing capacity, although their installation takes more time. To make them work as a single beam, they are knocked down with nails in 20 cm increments in a checkerboard pattern.

We install the harness and logs

The next stage is installation and installation of the logs. These are the same 150*50 mm boards placed on edge. They are attached with two oblique nails (9 cm) at the end to the trim board, two nails on the right and left to the bed. So each lag is on both sides.

The photo shows that the first joist is installed close to the second - this way the load is better transferred to the foundation. It is installed along the second edge of the bed. The installation step is 40-60 cm. It depends on the length of the span and the cross-section of the lumber used: the longer the length, the smaller the step.

If the logs are long, and there is a cross beam, as in the photo above, so that the logs do not “move” over cross beam jumpers are packed. Their length is equal to the step of installing the logs minus the double thickness of the board: if the step of the log is 55 cm, the thickness of the board is 5 cm, then the jumper will be 45 cm long.

Insulation and flooring

After the base for the flooring has been installed, it is time to insulate the floor. It can be done in different ways, with different materials. We will show you an economical option - with polystyrene foam boards with a density of 15 kg/m3 (more is possible, less is not possible). It is, of course, not environmentally friendly, but it is the only one that is not afraid of moisture and can be installed without a subfloor. The estimated thickness of the insulation is 150 mm, two layers are laid: one 10 cm, the second 5 cm. The seams of the second layer should not coincide with the seams of the first (they shift).

To begin with, a 50*50 mm cranial block is packed along the lower edge of the log. It will hold the foam.

The foam is cut with a regular hacksaw. The blade can be used on wood - it cuts faster, but you get a torn edge, or on metal - it goes slower, but the edge is smoother. The cut slabs are laid in two layers, the seams overlap. Then they seal the perimeter with sealant to ensure waterproofing.

Next, lay the subfloor from boards, level it and lay plywood on top (preferably FSF 5-6 mm). To prevent the rough flooring of boards from warping, lay the boards alternating the direction of the wave. If you look at the cross section of the board, the annual rings go in a semicircle. So, you need the arc to look up and down (see photo).

You can do without plank flooring. Then the thickness of the plywood should be at least 15 mm. Consider what is more profitable in your region and choose.

In any case, the sheets must be laid apart - the seams should not coincide (as in brickwork). Also, do not forget to leave a gap of 3-5 mm between the sheets of plywood to compensate for changes in size when humidity changes.

The plywood is attached with self-tapping screws 35 mm long (preferably white ones - less waste) around the perimeter in increments of 12 cm, inside in a checkerboard pattern in increments of 40 cm.

Step 3: Frame Walls

There are two ways: the wall frame is assembled (all or part, depending on the size) on the floor, then raised, positioned and secured. Sometimes with this method, OSB, gypsum fiber board, or plywood are attached directly to the floor on the outside of the frame: the rigidity is greater. This technology is called frame-panel or “platform”. Factories generally operate according to this principle: they build ready-made panels according to the design in the workshop, bring them to the site and only install them there. But frame-panel house construction is possible with your own hands.

The second method: everything is assembled gradually, locally. The beam of the bottom frame is nailed, the corner posts are set, then the intermediate posts, the top frame, etc. This is the technology called “frame house construction” or “balloon”.

Which one is more convenient? It depends on how many people work and whether it is possible, at least periodically, to attract help. Working on the floor is faster and more convenient than jumping up/down a stepladder countless times. But if the section is assembled large, then it will be difficult even for two people to lift it. The solution is either to call help or to break the wall frame into small segments.

Installation step and cross-section of racks

Corner posts should be 150*150 mm or 100*100 mm, depending on the load and the required width of the insulation. For a one-story frame house, 100 mm is enough, for a two-story frame house - at least 150 mm. The intermediate posts are the same in depth as the corner posts, and their thickness is at least 50 mm.

The installation step of the racks is selected taking into account the load, but in reality it is more often selected based on the width of the insulation. If you will be insulating with mineral wool in rolls or mats, first find out the actual width of the material. The gap between the posts should be 2-3 cm less than the width of the insulation. Then there will be almost no waste, no gaps and cracks through which heat will escape. The density of installation of insulation in frames is the main point, because only it will serve as protection from the cold. The slightest violation will lead to the fact that the house will be cold.

Therefore, the selection of insulation and its installation must be treated with full attention. Fastening the racks is possible in several ways: with wooden dowels, with a notch or on corners. The cut into the board of the bottom trim should be no more than 50% of its depth. The corners are attached on both sides. Fastening with dowels - old technology

, but difficult to execute: long dowels are planed, a hole is drilled diagonally through the stand and beam of the lower trim, a wooden tenon is driven into it, the excess of which is cut off. It works well if the wood used is dry. If not, drying out and loss of fastening rigidity is possible. Installation on reinforced corners is much easier.

According to Canadian technology, the beams to which windows and doors are attached are made double. There is more load here, therefore the support must be more powerful.

Reinforced counters near windows and doors are a must. This is the only way a frame house built with your own hands will be reliable

Bevels or braces

If the outer cladding is planned to be made of high-strength board material - OSB, gypsum fiber board, gypsum fiber board, plywood - the slopes are placed temporarily and from the inside of the room. They are needed to level and maintain geometry until the outer skin is attached. The strength of this material is sufficient to create the required structural rigidity. If the cladding is planned to be made up of linings, etc. installation of permanent jibs is required. Moreover the best option

- not those that are placed on several racks, but four small pieces for each: two on top and two on the bottom (as in the photo below).

Please note that in the photo above the racks are prefabricated: two boards are nailed together along the entire length in a checkerboard pattern. Such racks have even greater load-bearing capacity than solid ones and cost less. This is a real way to reduce construction costs without losing quality. But construction time increases: you have to hammer in a lot of nails.

The most questions arise when constructing corners. If you place a beam in a corner, then there seem to be no difficulties, except that the corner turns out to be cold. In regions with short and mild winters this is not a problem, but in middle lane Russia requires some kind of solution.

There are several ways to make the corner of a frame house warm. All of them are shown in the diagrams, so it’s clearer.

After assembling the frame, it is most often sheathed on the outside with OSB, plywood or other similar material.

Step 4: Covering

The floor beams rest on the beam of the upper frame. There are several mounting methods:

• on supporting steel brackets;
• on the corners;
• with insert;

Notching - the depth of the cut should not exceed 50% of the thickness of the top frame timber. It is hammered in from above with two nails, which must go into the harness at least 10 cm. Corners are the usual method. You can use reinforced, but not necessarily perforated staples - the shape may be different

The dimensions of the beams and the pitch of their installation depend on what will be on top. If the second residential floor or, the cross-section is taken larger, the step is made smaller: so that the floor does not sag. If only the roof and attic on top are assumed to be non-residential, these are completely different calculations and dimensions.

If the second floor is being completed, the ceiling is sheathed with the subfloor of the second floor. This will make it easier to work on creating the second floor of a frame house. Its assembly is no different from the construction of the first one. The only reason is that all the lumber has to be hauled to the second floor.

Step 5: Rafter system and roofing material

When developing a house project using frame technology, the most popular are or. Their device is no different. All the same principles and calculations. The only limitation concerns weight roofing covering: it should be a lightweight material that can withstand the load wooden beams and floors.

To fix the rafters in a given position before the sheathing was filled, temporary jibs were used

Another relatively inexpensive technology

Step 6: Insulation

A frame house can be insulated with any of the materials available on the market with the appropriate characteristics. All of them are imperfect, but all problems have standard solutions.

The most popular insulation for frame walls is basalt wool. It is available in the form of rolls or mats of different densities. It is more convenient to install mats in walls: they are denser and hold themselves well due to the pushing force. To do this, as mentioned above, their dimensions should be 2-3 cm larger than the distance between the frame posts. The mats, of course, are additionally fixed with special fasteners, but it is more convenient to work with than with a soft roll.

Mineral wool has high thermal insulation characteristics and good sound insulation. But there is also a serious drawback: it is afraid of getting wet and it must be protected on all sides not only from moisture (rain), but also from the penetration of steam. Therefore, from the side of the room it is covered with a layer of vapor barrier membrane, which prevents vapors from penetrating inside.

On the street side, thermal insulation from mineral wool closed with another membrane, but of a different type with different characteristics: hydro-wind-protective vapor-permeable membrane. It is not blown through, it does not allow moisture in liquid or gaseous states to pass through from the street side, and vapors can escape from the insulation: the vapor permeability is one-sided. After installing the insulation, only finishing work remains. Actually, that's it, construction is over.

Now you know how to build a frame house. The detail of some processes is far from complete, but you have a general assembly sequence. Perhaps another video from a professional carpenter who has been building frame houses for decades will help you (see below).

Video instructions for installing frame houses

These are three videos of excellent carpenter Larry Hohn. Each of them lasts more than an hour. The technology for building a frame house on a finished foundation is described in great detail.

According to this instructions self-construction possible without any questions: all stages of building a frame house and small details are commented on and explained, down to what nails, what length, how many pieces in what increments, should be hammered into each node. The main problems that may arise and methods for correcting them are demonstrated. If you decide to build a frame house with your own hands, take the time to watch the movie. Much will become clearer to you.

The first part is the lower trim and the floor.

The second part of the video is the construction and assembly of frame walls.

The third part is building the roof of a frame house.

If you still doubt whether to build a frame house, it’s probably because you’ve heard that this is a bad technology, that it doesn’t work for us. There is such an opinion. But it is based on the fact that Canadian and American frame houses are built from dry wood, with moisture. no more than 20-22%. In our conditions, wood is brought from the sawmill almost natural humidity, and this is up to 60%. That’s why the houses twist and turn, they become cold.

But if you are planning to build a house with your own hands, what will stop you from using dry wood? Chamber drying it is expensive, the difference per cube is very decent - almost twice. But by stacking the wood on the site in ventilated piles, it can be dried to the same 20-22% within a year. You decide for yourself whether or not to impregnate it with bioprotection before drying. Dry wood does not rot or be damaged by fungi, but it is advisable to impregnate it with bioprotection against insects.

An example of this opinion is in the video. With an explanation of why the technology is bad...

Consumer demand for new housing gives rise to new proposals in the housing construction market. Thanks to the emergence of new innovative materials, the construction of frame wooden houses has become widespread today. Industrial wood, which is an affordable and widespread material in our country, has excellent structural characteristics. Availability modern equipment and technology makes it possible today to produce convenient and comfortable houses using frame technology, which is based on wooden prefabricated structures.

For the manufacture of structural elements, high-quality types of wood that have undergone special processing are used.

The Kudesnik77 company has a well-prepared production and technical base for manufacturing, delivery and subsequent assembly on site finished houses, suitable for permanent residence. Wooden house– it’s convenient, practical and cost-effective. The construction of such a house is much cheaper than the construction of a residential building of a similar area using traditional building materials, wooden beam, foam concrete and brick. The cost of such a house is much lower and more affordable and depends not so much on quality and quantity building material depends on the complexity of the project and the area of ​​the building itself.

Stages of construction of wooden frame houses

Unlike the work of other enterprises and firms specializing in frame construction, the company “Kudesnik77” performs the entire range of work. We offer a ready-made project, ensure delivery of prefabricated structures to the site and their subsequent assembly. All technical issues related to finishing a wooden house, connecting and laying communications are within the scope of our company’s tasks. Our clients order a project and pay for construction in accordance with the estimate documentation. We manufacture and build ready-made housing.

Turnkey wooden frame houses from the company “Kudesnik77” are:

• guarantee of investment of the customer's funds;
• fast and high-quality construction of a house in accordance with the contract;
• affordable prices;
• environmentally friendly materials;
• guarantee of strength, durability and reliability of a residential building.

The projects of frame wooden houses available in our company’s catalog are technically competent engineering solutions. Our objects can be seen in different cities and towns of the Moscow region. Each client of our company can verify in person the reliability of residential buildings and the level of comfort of residential premises. All stages of construction comply with the necessary technical standards and regulations. A durable frame assembled on the basis of prefabricated panels, panels and other elements manufactured in a factory provides residential building necessary stability and durability.

All stages of the construction of residential buildings in our company are optimized. The main condition for the successful operation of the Kudesnik77 company is high profitability. Wood, used as the main building material, has unique structural and technological characteristics.

Wooden frame houses from the company “Kudesnik77” - a good solution

We invite our clients to familiarize themselves with our offer. Prices for wooden frame houses from 300,000 rubles. and higher, depending on the complexity of the project, the location of the construction site and the area of ​​the residential building. Our prices for work are affordable and acceptable on the market for such construction in Moscow and the Moscow region.

The price of the house includes not only the assembly and installation of the main elements of the prefabricated structure, but also the design, delivery of all elements of the house kit to the site, further implementation finishing works and communications equipment. Such a house, assembled from individual elements, is no different from brick and stone residential buildings. Housing built using frame technology has unique environmental properties; in winter it will be just as warm and cozy.

We build cozy and affordable housing from wood. Together with us, you will solve your housing problems today.