The facade of a building is the first thing that catches our eye when we see a house.

The facade must be selected not only according to aesthetic criteria, but also according to technical characteristics.

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On modern market There are many materials for facade finishing. Let's look at the newest types facing materials.

Decoration of facades of wooden houses

Wooden facades are best suited for houses in southern regions. In other cases, you will have to treat the siding panels with protective solutions, which requires a considerable investment.

On the other hand, if good quality And home comfort play a bigger role for you than the price of finishing, wooden facade just for you, because after good processing it can be used even in regions with large temperature differences.

Siding is installed at some distance from the wall. The void is filled with thermal insulation material.

The air that circulates between the wall and the finishing material prevents moisture from condensing on the wall surface.

The most common types of profiled siding are herringbone and shiplap.

High-pressure laminate panels are considered a fairly new finishing material.

They are made from thin cellulose sheets compressed under high pressure. The thickness of the panels is 6-15 mm. They have good bending resistance.

Such panels are coated with a special varnish that protects them from external influences. You can place any image or texture under the varnish.

This type of finishing is ideal for balconies and individual residential or small office buildings.

Facade injection molded panels

Molded panels can be used both in the facades of private houses and in multi-storey ones.

They are made from polymers by injection molding and have long term operation. The panels can withstand temperatures from -50 0 C to +60 0 C, so they can be used in regions with any climate.

Panels can imitate brick and stone and can easily be mistaken for natural material.

They are resistant to corrosion and deformation, and are difficult to bend or break. The panels are attached to the frame using self-tapping screws.

Their advantages include not only low cost and reliability, but also ease of maintenance - wet cleaning is sufficient, periodic updating is not required.

Facade finishing with clinker tiles

Clinker tiles are made from baked elastic clay. It contains no chalk or salts.

In appearance, such tiles imitate brick, but have much less weight. It practically does not absorb moisture, which prevents it from the appearance of cracks and releases of salt from cement-sand mortars.

Such tiles are easy to clean from dirt.

Facade clinker thermal panels are excellent for finishing the facades of private houses, as they retain heat well. They can also be used for decoration multi-storey buildings.

Ceramic plate

A ceramic slab is made by molding and firing natural clay. Such a plate can be oriented horizontally or vertically.

It is extremely frost-resistant, so it is perfect for residents of cold regions.

The tiles place minimal load on the foundation because they are light in weight. The material has high water resistance, strength and thermal conductivity, resistant to aggressive environments.

Ceramic tiles are equally suitable for cladding single- and multi-story buildings.

Concrete siding for facade finishing

Concrete siding is made from white cement, sand and dyes. Excellent for cladding multi-storey buildings, cottages, industrial and commercial facilities.

Thermal insulation material can be laid between the frame slats. Concrete siding can be used not only for the construction of new buildings, but also for updating old ones.

Concrete siding does not burn, so it is great for buildings with increased requirements on fire safety.

Facades of multi-storey buildings

When cladding the facades of private residential buildings, you can use almost any type of finish. If we are talking about high-rise buildings, then the materials will be somewhat limited.

In addition, glazing or composite aluminum panels are more often used to decorate the facades of buildings of large companies, since such buildings must have a presentable appearance.

Also, in ventilated structures, facades with ceramic magnets are often used. This material increases the waterproofing properties of the building and provides resistance to low temperatures and environmental influences.

The simplest and most economical material for cladding multi-storey buildings is plaster. It increases sound insulation properties and does not weigh down the foundation.

Thus, with today's rich choice finishing materials, you can easily choose the best option for you.

1. Varieties
2. What is siding?
3. Additional classification

• main;
• side;
• rear;
• street;
• yard

1. Stone, brick.
2. Concrete, monolithic.
3. Translucent.

• stone;
• siding;
• panel;
• plaster;
• brick for cladding.

• marble;
• limestone;
• granite;
• gabbro

What is siding?

Types of siding

1. Of steel.
2. Made from cement.

1. Aesthetic effect.

He can be:

“Wet” facades are installed using a building mixture.

Types of building facade designs

Examples are: plaster, clinker tile finishing (an adhesive base is required to secure it) and others.

What does the ventilation façade consist of?

1. Facing part (outer layer). Most often it is covered on the outside ceramic tiles. It looks neat and has a lot of colors.

Home | Articles |Facades for residential multi-storey building– variety of types

Facades for a residential multi-storey building - a variety of types

Of the different approaches to arranging walls in recent years, ventilated facades have stood out the most. This concept is characterized by the principle itself: the cladding is installed at a certain distance from the wall, and a heat-insulating layer is laid between the outer covering and the wall.

What is a facade

In addition, facades for residential multi-storey buildings provide air gaps. That’s why facades are called ventilated, as they create spaces accessible to air. Such ventilation can protect buildings from dampness, and thermal insulation insulates facades in Tver for residential high-rise buildings and protects them from heat in summer. Often new multi-storey buildings are clad with ventilated facades, since the design takes into account the thermal insulation properties systems But, according to experts, if the walls of old houses have unevenness or defects, then it will be quite possible to insulate it with the help of ventilated facades for multi-storey buildings.

Ventilated facades for residential multi-storey buildings consist of three elements.

The entire structure is supported on hanging metal frames, which are made of of stainless steel or from aluminum profile. Constructions metal gratings facade systems may be different. The frame, which is attached to the wall, has two main functions. WITH outside the outer cladding of the building is applied to it, and a thermal insulation layer is applied inside, as well as a waterproof windproof film. The customer needs to determine what exactly the façade for a multi-storey residential building will be made of, and professionals from special companies can take care of the rest.

The choice of facades for residential multi-storey buildings nowadays is quite large: ceramic and stone tiles, porcelain tiles, fiber cement and asbestos cement slabs, siding and others.

Facing the facades of residential multi-storey buildings with fiber cement is the best option for use in residential construction standard houses. Due to high wear resistance Fiber cement can save money on the restoration of a multi-storey residential building, and due to its impact resistance, protect the facade from the negative effects of natural and mechanical factors.

Porcelain stoneware, used for finishing the facade of residential multi-storey buildings, is a universal facing material that is widely used in all types of construction, in particular in multi-storey construction. In the finishing and construction of multi-storey residential buildings, they are subject to special requirements, the most important of which is fire safety.

Porcelain tile is a non-flammable material and environmentally friendly and natural raw materials are used in its production. The uniformity of the patterns, as well as the geometrically correct edges of porcelain stoneware, make the work of installers easier and allow work to be carried out in a short time and in almost any weather conditions. The remarkable performance properties of porcelain stoneware include resistance to temperature changes, durability and resistance to stains.

See also:

1. Varieties
2. Front façade: materials for decoration
3. What is siding?
4. Main facade: types of structures
5. Additional classification

Some people wonder what is the facade of a building? What is its definition? This is the front side of the building, located outside.

The concept of “facade” has another meaning: it is a drawing of an orthogonal projection of a building. The projection is carried out onto a vertical plane.

Front side meets different types, which largely depends on its shape, proportions, and architecture. According to Wikipedia, the following varieties are distinguished:

• main;
• side;
• rear;
• street;
• yard

Varieties

The front side of the building is called the facade; it is where guests are greeted. But it should be borne in mind that other sides of the building are also facades. However, they are not front, but side, back, and so on. All of them are divided by design features:

1. Stone, brick.
2. Concrete, monolithic.
3. Translucent.
4. Hinged ventilated structures. They differ in cladding. The cladding can be made of: porcelain stoneware, aluminum panels, fiber cement, metal cassettes, siding, blockhouse, decorative boards, stainless steel.
5. Media façade. This is the most modern variety front side of the building. IN in this case screens are installed. Together, these screens form a video image. As a result, the front side of the building looks like one large screen. It looks very fashionable and modern.

To beautifully decorate the main side, some professionals advise using stucco and tiles. You can use ordinary plaster or paint.

Front façade: materials for decoration

In order to issue main view buildings, the following materials are used:

• stone;
• siding;
• panel;
• plaster;
• brick for cladding.

What is most commonly used

Stones are often used to finish the front side. Can be used both natural and artificial stones. The most popular natural stones are:

• marble;
• limestone;
• granite;
• gabbro

Artificial stones are very popular. Architectural concrete is in particular demand. It is also called “white stone”. From " white stone» you can create decorative elements for windows and doors, as well as hanging panels.

Such a design can be quite long (several square meters). Moreover, the thickness of the “white stone” is small and is about 10 cm.

What is siding?

Siding is a material for cladding a building. The material is presented in the form of horizontally arranged panels. They are fastened together directly on the wall of the building. Siding is a very versatile and attractive cladding element:

1. With the help of siding you can achieve variety in creating shapes.
2. It is very easy to operate.
3. It can be made from a wide variety of materials.

Types of siding

1. Made from vinyl. Siding made from this material is quite strong, durable, and practical. The building becomes attractive due to the brilliant properties of the material.
2. Made from polystyrene foam. The heat transfer of the building decreases. This is of great importance for buildings located in harsh climatic zones. The advantages of foam plastic siding are also an increase in the vapor permeability of the building; moisture does not accumulate on the walls.
3. Made of metal. It is the metal finishing that will add durability and resistance to adverse environmental factors to the building.
4. Of steel.
5. Made of wood. The main façade with such finishing looks aesthetically pleasing and provides excellent thermal protection for the building.
6. Made from cement.

Thanks to all these advantages, siding is gradually replacing many of the listed materials (in particular, plaster).

Plaster, as a material for cladding the outer part of a building, is also used very often and tries not to lose its position. The following types of plaster have been developed: mineral, polymer, mosaic, structural, pebble.

The main side should look attractive, since it is the “face” of the building.

Main facade: types of structures

What is included in the definition of façade can be understood and found out by studying the information.

All types of main types of buildings and structures are subject to two basic requirements:

1. Protection of the structure from external factors.
2. Aesthetic effect.

He can be:

The “dry” type of facade systems is manufactured without the use of adhesive bases and special mortars. Thus, any part is attached using nails, screws and other elements. An example of dry facades is siding.

“Wet” facades are installed using a building mixture. Examples are: plaster, clinker tile finishing (an adhesive base is required to secure it) and others.

What is needed for this type

Available to a wide range of buyers. It consists of the following layers:

1. Insulation (this is the inner layer).
2. Fiberglass mesh. With its help, installers strengthen walls.
3. Decorative plaster. It comes in any shape and color.

For manufacturing you will not need complex circuits and all kinds of aluminum fasteners, tiles and ceramic bricks, and the insulation can be simply reinforced using mesh and bolts. But there is also a small nuance - such a system cannot be installed at temperatures below +5 °C.

A huge advantage is that installation can be carried out regardless of the time of year and weather conditions. A “wet” facade gives the building integrity, but it directly depends on weather conditions and climate.

Additional classification

Today, the division of this building material into the following types is known:

The technology of ventilated systems is based on the formation of a gap for ventilation, which is located between the wall and the facade material.

Air begins to circulate freely in the gap, thanks to which moisture and dampness evaporate. And the material itself qualitatively protects the floors of premises from all kinds of atmospheric influences.

What does the ventilation façade consist of?

This type should consist of three layers:

1. Mineral insulation (it is located on the inside.
2. Air gap (this is the middle layer).
3. Facing part (outer layer).

   What is a building façade according to the law?

   Most often, the outside is covered with ceramic tiles. It looks neat and has a lot of colors.

Ventilated facades and other systems containing aluminum are not cheap. The main point in this case is the price-quality ratio.

An unventilated facade is used when the building does not have external insulation. If the facade needs to be installed on a wooden building, then it is better to use a ventilated system, since wooden walls stand out on their own a large number of moisture. If you do not get rid of moisture accumulation, then wooden house It will simply start to rot.

Chapter 5. Requirements for the maintenance and appearance of buildings, structures, and improvement facilities

Section 1. Maintenance of buildings

160. Owners of buildings and organizations servicing the housing stock in accordance with the procedure established by law must ensure the maintenance of buildings and their structural elements in good condition, ensure proper operation of buildings in accordance with established rules and regulations technical operation, carrying out current and major repairs, monitor the condition and installation of all types of external improvements located in adjacent areas, lighting within the designated area.

161. Owners of premises in apartment building in order to ensure proper maintenance of the common property of the house, they enter into a management agreement with the management organization or an agreement on the maintenance and (or) performance of repairs of the common property in such a house with persons carrying out the relevant types of activities, in accordance with housing legislation.

162. Buildings and structures whose facades determine the architectural appearance of the existing city development include all located on the territory of the city (operating, under construction, reconstructed or overhauled):

1) buildings for administrative and social and cultural purposes;

2) residential buildings;

3) buildings and structures for production and other purposes;

4) lightweight buildings (trade pavilions, kiosks, garages and other similar objects);

5) fences and other stationary architectural forms located on land plots adjacent to buildings.

163. The elements of building facades subject to maintenance include:

1) pits, entrances to basements and garbage chambers;

2) entrance units (including steps, platforms, railings, canopies over the entrance, fences, walls, doors);

3) base and blind area;

4) planes of the walls;

5) protruding elements of facades (including balconies, loggias, bay windows, cornices);

6) roofs, including ventilation and chimneys, including enclosing grilles, exits to the roof;

7) architectural details and cladding (including columns, pilasters, rosettes, capitals, sandriks, friezes, belts);

8) drainpipes, including marks and funnels;

9) fencing of balconies, loggias;

10) parapet and window railings, grilles;

11) metal finish windows, balconies, belts, plinth projections, overhangs;

12) mounted metal constructions(including flag holders, anchors, fire escapes, ventilation equipment);

13) horizontal and vertical seams between panels and blocks (facades of large-panel and large-block buildings);

14) glass, frames, balcony doors;

15) stationary fences adjacent to buildings.

164. The facades of buildings, structures, and structures should not have visible dirt or damage, including destruction of the finishing layer, drainpipes, funnels or outlets, or changes in color tone.

carrying out maintenance repairs and restoration of structural elements and facade finishing, including entrance doors and canopies, railings for balconies and loggias, cornices, porches and individual steps, railings for descents and stairs, shop windows, decorative parts and other structural elements;

ensuring the availability and maintenance of gutters, drainpipes and drains;

cleaning roofs and canopies from snow and ice, removing ice, snow and icicles from eaves, balconies and loggias;

sealing, sealing and filling of seams, cracks and potholes;

restoration, repair and timely cleaning of blind areas, pits of basement windows and entrances to basements;

maintaining the electric lighting located on the facade in good condition and turning it on simultaneously with the external lighting of streets, roads and squares in the city of Belgorod;

cleaning and washing of facade surfaces depending on their condition and operating conditions;

washing windows and shop windows, signs and signs;

fulfillment of other requirements provided for by the rules and regulations for the technical operation of buildings, structures and structures.

166. By changing the appearance of facades we mean:

creation, modification or elimination of porches, canopies, canopies, cornices, balconies, loggias, verandas, terraces, bay windows, decorative elements, door, showcase, arched and window openings;

replacement of facing material;

painting the facade and its parts in a color different from the color of the building;

changing the roof structure, roofing material, roof safety elements, elements of organized external drainage;

installation (mounting) or dismantling additional elements and devices (flagpoles, signs).

167. Shop windows and offices facing city streets must have lighting design.

Building's facade

On the facades of newly constructed buildings, architectural and artistic lighting equipment is installed in accordance with the design documentation.

The operating mode of shop window lighting must correspond to the operating mode of outdoor lighting.

169. On all residential, administrative, industrial and public buildings in accordance with the established order of numbering of houses in the city of Belgorod, signs and house numbers of established standards must be posted, illuminated at night, and on apartment buildings - additionally with signs of entrance and apartment numbers; they must be kept clean and in good condition.

Responsibility for fulfilling these requirements rests with the owners, unless otherwise provided by law or contract.

Owners of information signs, signs, advertising structures, decorative panels, entrance groups that are not part of the common property of the owners of the premises of an apartment building, take the necessary measures to preserve the above structures when cleaning the roof of the house in winter period.

171. Monuments and objects of monumental art, buildings that are monuments of architecture, history and culture must be maintained in proper condition.

172.V winter time the owners (in apartment buildings - persons who manage/operate the house under a contract) organize timely cleaning of roofs and canopies from snow, ice and icicles.

Clearing of ice formations from the roofs of buildings on the sides facing pedestrian areas is carried out immediately as they form, with preliminary installation of fencing of dangerous areas.

Roofs with external drainage are periodically cleared of snow, preventing its accumulation of more than 30 cm.

173. Clearing the roofs of buildings from snow and ice and dumping them onto sidewalks is allowed only during daylight hours from the surface of the roof slope facing the street. Removing snow from the remaining roof slopes, as well as flat roofs produced in internal local areas. Before dumping snow, security measures are taken to ensure the safety of citizens. Snow and ice icicles thrown from the roofs of buildings are placed along the roadway tray for subsequent removal (under contract) by the organization cleaning the roadway.

Do not throw snow, ice or debris into drainage funnels. When throwing snow from roofs, measures are taken to ensure the complete safety of trees, bushes, overhead lines of street electric lighting, banners, advertising structures, traffic light objects, road signs, communication lines, payphones, etc.

174. Owners of non-residential premises ensure that entrance canopies are cleared of debris, and in winter, snow, ice and icicles in ways that guarantee the safety of others and prevent damage to the property of third parties.

1) damage (contamination) of the surface of the walls of the facades of buildings and structures, including smudges, peeling paint, the presence of cracks, peeling plaster, cladding, damage brickwork, peeling of the protective layer of reinforced concrete structures;

2) damage (absence) of architectural and artistic and sculptural details of buildings and structures, including columns, pilasters, capitals, friezes, drafts, bas-reliefs, stucco decorations, ornaments, mosaics, artistic paintings;

3) violation of the sealing of interpanel joints;

4) damage (peeling, contamination) of plaster, cladding, paint layer of the base part of facades, buildings or structures, including malfunction of the design of window and entrance pits;

5) damage (contamination) of protruding elements of the facades of buildings and structures, including balconies, loggias, bay windows, vestibules, cornices, canopies, entrance lobbies, steps;

6) destruction (absence, contamination) of balcony fences, including loggias, parapets.

Violations identified during the operation of the facades of buildings and structures must be eliminated in accordance with established standards and rules for the technical operation of buildings and structures.

176. If signs of damage to protruding facade structures are detected, owners and other rights holders must take urgent measures to ensure the safety of people and prevent further development of deformation. In the event of an emergency condition of protruding facade structures (including balconies, loggias, bay windows), close and seal entrances and access to them, carry out security work and take measures to restore them. Repair work must be carried out in accordance with current legislation.

177. Formation architectural solution facades of buildings, structures, structures that are objects of cultural heritage, including identified objects of cultural heritage, is carried out in accordance with the legislation in the field of conservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage objects. The design of color solutions for the facades of buildings, structures, and structures that are objects of cultural heritage, including identified objects of cultural heritage, is carried out as part of the corresponding design documentation.

178. The architectural solution of the facade is individual and is developed applicable to a specific object, regardless of the type of project on the basis of which its construction was carried out.

The architectural solution for the facades of the facility is formed taking into account:

— functional purpose of the facility (residential, industrial, administrative, cultural and educational, physical education and sports, etc.);

— location of the object in the structure of the city, district, quarter;

— zones of visual perception (participation in the formation of a silhouette and/or panorama, visual emphasis, visual dominance);

- type of surrounding buildings (archetype and style);

— tectonics of the object (plastically developed, artistically meaningful, including color, design of the object);

— architectural coloring of the surrounding buildings;

— material of existing enclosing structures.

179. To form an architectural solution for the facades of a facility, the use of the following finishing materials is not allowed:

— PVC siding (except for facilities located in industrial areas);

- profiled a metal sheet(except for facilities located in industrial areas);

— asbestos-cement sheets;

— self-adhesive films;

- banner fabric.

180. The main condition for the facades of capital construction projects is stylistic unity in the architectural and artistic image, materials and color scheme.

181. Finishing of a part of the facade of a building, different from the finishing of the facade of the entire building, is allowed only if comprehensive solution façade of the entire building.

182. During the construction and reconstruction of capital construction projects, the placement of planned buildings and structures, as well as their elements (including porches, stairs, bay windows, balconies, loggias) outside the red lines is not allowed.

183. When designing entrance lobbies, updating, changing the facades of buildings and structures, the following is not allowed:

1) covering the existing decorative, architectural and artistic elements of the facade with elements of the entrance group, new finishing and advertising;

2) arrangement of supporting elements (including columns, racks) that impede the movement of pedestrians;

3) laying engineering support networks open method along the facade of the building facing the street;

4) arrangement of entrances located above the first floor on the facades of cultural heritage sites.

184. The use of a balcony for the installation of an entrance group is possible after obtaining the consent of the owners of premises in an apartment building.

Arrangement of the entrance group, as well as installation and operation of advertising structures on the facades apartment buildings are allowed with the consent of the owners of the premises and in the presence of a permit issued by local authorities in the prescribed manner for the installation of an advertising structure.

unauthorized refurbishment or change in the appearance of the façade of a building or its elements;

violation of established requirements for the placement of signs, street signs, license plates of houses, buildings and structures.

damage to elements of the arrangement of buildings and structures, monuments, memorial plaques, trees, shrubs, small architectural forms and other elements of external improvement in the territories common use, as well as the production of their unauthorized alteration, restructuring and rearrangement;

unauthorized application of inscriptions, drawings, posting and hanging notices and other information messages at stopping points, walls, pillars, fences (fences) and other objects not intended for these purposes.

The organization of work to remove inscriptions, drawings, advertisements and other information messages is entrusted to the owners, owners, users of these objects;

It would seem that the issue of the status of the external walls of apartment buildings has been resolved, at least in the context of disputes about the placement of various advertising structures and signs on the facades of houses, about the installation of air conditioners, etc. In order to place such objects, the consent of the owners of the premises in the apartment building is required, since we are talking about the use of common property. However, when analyzing arbitration practice in considering disputes about the transfer of residential premises to non-residential premises, the author discovered two judicial acts from one district, which state that the external walls of a house, which are not load-bearing structures, do not belong to common property. Let's see how justified such a conclusion is.

Background

Today, owners of residential premises in apartment buildings who want to transfer them to the non-residential category are experiencing serious difficulties, despite the fact that the very fact of transferring premises from one category to another does not require convening a general meeting and obtaining the consent of the owners in the prescribed manner to carry out such events.
The fact is that as a result of such a transfer, redevelopment (reconstruction) of the premises is inevitable in terms of organizing a separate entrance to non-residential premises(P.

Law building facade

2 tbsp. 22 Housing Code of the Russian Federation). This involves at least dismantling part of the outer wall of the MKD, increasing doorways, converting window openings into door openings and using the local area to place a porch.
Most often, owners who transfer premises from residential to non-residential do not ask their neighbors’ permission for this, but approve the redevelopment (reconstruction) project and implement it, sometimes even with the knowledge of the controlling body - the local administration. If officials missed the fact that the redevelopment was not agreed upon at the general meeting and issued the appropriate permit, the owners themselves or the HOA have the right to challenge it. This is confirmed, for example, in the Resolutions of the FAS Eastern Military District dated November 27, 2013 in case No. A39-5016/2012, the FAS SZO dated December 25, 2013 in case No. A56-68305/2011, or the FAS Moscow Region Resolution dated October 28, 2013 in case No. A40- 173802/12-144-866<1>, where, among other things, it is clearly stated that, by virtue of paragraph 1 of Art. 36 Housing Code of the Russian Federation and paragraphs. "g" clause 2 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property is the external facade wall of a residential building, being in this case an enclosing non-load-bearing structure apartment building, refers to the common property of all owners of the premises, since it serves more than one residential premises as enclosing the entire residential building. In connection with this circumstance, actions to partially dismantle such a wall or add vestibules to it require the mandatory consent of the owners of the premises in the apartment building due to the requirements of clause 2 of Art. 40 Housing Code of the Russian Federation. The contents of this norm are given below.
———————————
<1>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2014 N VAS-19786/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.

“If the reconstruction, reorganization and (or) redevelopment of premises is impossible without attaching to them part of the common property in an apartment building, the consent of all owners of the premises in the apartment building must be obtained for such reconstruction, reorganization and (or) redevelopment of premises.”
At the same time, in paragraph 3 of Art. 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation is very clearly formulated that reducing the size of common property in an apartment building (which inevitably occurs as a result of reconstruction of residential premises with the addition of part of the common property) is possible only with the consent of all owners of premises in a given house.
But still, more often than not, local authorities themselves refuse to transfer applicants’ premises from residential to non-residential due to the lack of consent of the remaining owners of the premises in the apartment building (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Central District of March 19, 2013 in case No. A35-4762/2012<2>, FAS DVO dated November 19, 2012 N F03-5123/2012<3>, FAS VSO dated January 31, 2014 in case No. A33-3673/2013).
———————————
<2>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2013 N VAS-7494/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.
<3>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated June 05, 2013 N VAS-3070/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.

However, there are judicial acts that contain other judgments. There are two of them and they were accepted by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-West Region.
Thus, in the Resolution dated May 13, 2013 in case No. A56-27235/2012, on the basis of expert opinion that outer wall a house in which a doorway is installed in place of a window due to the dismantling of the window sill space is not a load-bearing structure, the following conclusion was made: the outer wall is intended to serve only one living space, therefore the consent of all owners for its dismantling is not required. The Resolution of January 14, 2014 in case No. A56-14283/2013 demonstrates the same approach. Can it be considered correct? According to the author, no, and here's why.

Provisions of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation

According to Art. 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the owners of premises in an apartment building own, by the right of common shared ownership, the enclosing load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures of the given house. First of all, let us denote that a building envelope is a structure that performs the function of enclosing or separating volumes (rooms) of a building (GOST 30247.1-94 "Building structures. Test methods for fire resistance. Load-bearing and enclosing structures"<4>). Enclosing structures can combine the functions of load-bearing (including self-supporting) and enclosing structures.
———————————
<4>Introduced by Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated March 23, 1995 N 18-26.

At the same time, load-bearing structures (elements) are structures that perceive permanent and temporary loads, including loads from other parts of the building. Self-supporting structures take the load only from their own weight.
Based on these definitions, it is clear why the belonging of load-bearing enclosing structures to the composition of common property is beyond doubt: according to their technical purpose, they perform a much more important role than servicing one room.
The functions of non-load-bearing enclosing structures are not so obvious, but they should be classified as common property not on the basis of “load-bearing/non-load-bearing”, but on the basis of “enclosing”. If we are talking about the external walls of the house, then it is obvious that they do not enclose separate rooms from each other, but the whole house, as rightly pointed out by the arbitrators of the FAS Moscow Region in the Resolution of October 28, 2013 in case No. A40-173802/12-144-866. It is this circumstance (and not technical specifications external walls) is key when deciding whether to classify this element of the house as common property.
At the same time, there should be no doubt about the correctness of what has been said, the content of the Letter of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated November 3, 2011 N OG-D23-1928: if the transfer of the disputed premises to non-residential premises involves the arrangement of a separate entrance by destroying part of the external wall of the apartment building, which is the enclosing load-bearing structure related to the general shared ownership, as well as the use of the local area when installing a separate entrance, entailing a change in the object and the mode of use of the part land plot occupied by an apartment building, relating to the common shared ownership of the owners of premises in this building, then the reconstruction planned for transfer to non-residential premises is allowed only with the consent of all owners of the common property of the apartment building.
The indication in this Letter that the enclosing load-bearing structures belong to the common property could be associated with a response to a specific request, an assessment of the specific circumstances of the case. This statement is not absolute and, of course, does not deny the possibility of classifying such non-load-bearing enclosing structures as the external walls of apartment buildings as part of the common property.

If a house has undergone reconstruction (redevelopment, refurbishment) of a living space, as a result of which part of the external wall of the house has been dismantled, the configuration of windows and doors has been changed, a porch has been equipped, and the owners of the premises in the apartment building have not given their consent to carry out this work, the latter have the right to declare violation of their rights, dismantling erected structures and returning part of the common property to its previous state. All changes to common property must be discussed collectively. It does not matter whether outer wall home, subjected to disassembly, load-bearing. The determining factor in classifying the structure of a house as common property in this case is the enclosing function of the walls, which provide spatial isolation of the entire house, rather than a separate room.

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Wet facade. To finish the outer surface of the object, building mixtures with the addition of water are used. The integrity of the structure can be achieved by plastering, installation facade tiles. Systems for modernizing multi-level buildings are made in three layers: a thermal insulation board, base plaster, and a layer of decorative mesh. This method is suitable for finishing multi-storey buildings and private housing construction projects.

The use of " wet facade» for houses made of lumber, because the wood is exposed to moisture, as a result of which the boards and structure are deformed, and the raw materials lose their performance properties. The “wet facade” technology needs periodic updating - plastering and tinting.

A strong argument in favor of choosing plastering is the affordable price range of façade installations.

Ventilated systems. Ideal for finishing standard houses building materials(bricks, boards, cinder concrete, expanded polystyrene), provide individual look architecture, good thermal insulation. The construction algorithm includes several technological steps:

1. Installation of a metal frame.
2. Insulation with mineral wool based on fiberglass, basalt rocks. Raw materials differ in the composition of the main and binding synthetic components;
3. Installing the top screen. Various panels are used for cladding: aluminum or vinyl siding, porcelain stoneware blocks, high-strength glass slabs.

Type of panels

The choice of material for cladding determines the functional purpose of the architecture and the budget. How warm and comfortable the room will be depends on the raw materials used.

The cheapest and easiest to implement is vinyl siding. Environmentally friendly raw materials, presented in different color solutions, service life varies up to 50 years.

A worthy choice would be panels made of galvanized steel and aluminum alloy. The material is resistant to thermal changes, does not corrode, and is easy to maintain.

Marble and porcelain stoneware are an aesthetic finishing material, but they have significant weight, and therefore require a reliable supporting structure. Glass facade has not yet fully entered into use, but is considered one of the most promising areas.

Advantages of ventilated facades

The ergonomics of the system is not the only advantage. Ventilated facades are in demand for several reasons:

• possibility of carrying out finishing works at any time of the year;
• ease of installation. The main wall does not require preliminary preparation, and the devices for fastening the facade are made of light metal;
• elements of the system mask defects in external walls well;
• fire safety. The materials used in the work prevent the spread of fire;
• high sound insulation.

The impact of artificial (factory emissions, automobile gases) and natural precipitation affects the service life of the finishing material. Our company offers a range of cleaning measures. Such manipulations help preserve the integrity of the object, prevent rotting processes, and eliminate the possibility of deformation.

A varied list for finishing a multi-storey building allows you to give status and a presentable appearance to a high-rise building, and provide additional protection to the structure.

Reliability and efficiency ensure quality facade works. Make a choice in favor of the professionalism of the Wagner team. Implementation modern technologies, the use of certified raw materials guarantees safety and durability of operation.

Modern technologies make it possible to perform quite reliably exterior finishing houses of any height and configuration using the ventilated facade method. The main advantage of using this method is that the walls of the house are transformed according to the most intricate options of the owners and are insulated with high-quality material.

General description and structure of ventilated facades

The structure of the structure resembles a layer cake. It consists of several “layers” that perform certain functions, and together are called ventilated facades:

Metal subsystem or wooden sheathing

The frame (sheathing) consists of the following elements:

• fastening elements (brackets, screws, rivets);
• Guides (profiles or bars).

Guide metallic profile, using self-tapping screws and brackets, is fixed to the surface of the wall of a frame, timber or log house. Installation of lathing from wooden beam is performed without the use of brackets, but the lifespan of such subsystems is shorter. The horizontal or vertical direction depends on the type of cladding material chosen.

Thermal insulation

Mineral wool or expanded polystyrene (foam plastic, carbon) is fixed to the surface of the walls of a residential building using special “fungi”. When choosing and calculating, it is recommended to take into account the thermal insulation data of a specific type of insulation. When performing the work independently, the choice depends on the preferences of the owner of a private frame building, which may turn out to be wrong.

useful in work

Before attaching thermal insulation, it is recommended to treat the walls of frame, log, lumber and any other wooden structure with an antiseptic.

Protective membrane

When insulating a facade structure with mineral wool, it is necessary to protect it from moisture and weathering. This is achieved by using a moisture-proof, vapor-permeable membrane. She protects thermal insulation material from weathering and moisture ingress, which contribute to its gradual destruction and disruption of the integrity of the system, which can affect the load-bearing walls of a residential building.

When choosing and purchasing thermal insulation for residential buildings, you need to pay attention Special attention for fire safety. The material must have the necessary certificates and belong to the non-flammable class. For example, class “C” polystyrene foam supports the combustion process for no more than 4 seconds, and class “F” - 1 second.

When using expanded polystyrene, installation of a membrane is not required (unlike mineral wool).

It is important to know

Despite its many advantages, the authors do not recommend the use of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene in ventilated facade systems, since in the event of a fire, under the influence of natural draft, such insulation it will still burn for a while and can contribute to the fire of a wooden wall.

Air gap

The presence of a certain air gap between the insulation (or the wall of a house without insulation) and the facing material allows moisture to escape outside. It is because of the presence of this space that such structures got their name.

The size of the gap is determined using complex mathematical calculations and calculated at the design stage. As a rule, the minimum air gap should be at least 40 mm. Errors in these values ​​can lead to moisture entering the thermal insulation (at a small distance), as well as humming in strong winds (at a large gap).

Decorative finishing

The cladding is fixed on guides; fastening occurs depending on the material used for specific residential buildings. Depending on what the owner of a private house preferred, fastening elements are selected.

Types of facing materials

The cladding of private houses can be done using a wide range of finishing materials, each of which has its own distinctive qualities, characteristics, and is also made from different raw materials.

Natural wood

• eurolining;
• block house;
• Planken.

A natural stone

• Granite;
• marble;
• travertine;
• agglomerate.

Ceramics

• Porcelain tiles;
• terracotta;
• clinker.

Hardware

• Siding;
• facade panels;
• composite panels and cassettes.

Other materials

• Facing brick;
• HPL – panels;
• fiber cement boards.

Facade compatibility

The exterior decoration of a residential wooden log house, made using the “ventilated facade” technology, compares favorably with other methods of facade insulation in that all the useful natural qualities of a wooden structure are preserved. Multilayer “breathing” structures have proven themselves to be excellent in use in any building.

A wide selection of fasteners allows installation on almost any walls of residential buildings made of various materials. The difference can only be in the type of insulation. For example, frame or timber house They are insulated with both expanded polystyrene and mineral wool, but the log façade is insulated only with the latter. This is due to the external structure of the wall surface. Rigid sheets of foam plastic cannot be tightly applied to the rounded shapes of a log building, and mineral wool It has the properties of bending. Another good option for insulation is the use of eco-wool.

If the “wet facade” technology is used when finishing a stone house, then “breathing” structures can be erected on any type of wall.

Benefits of technology

Ventilated systems have certain strong factors relative to other types of insulation and exterior finishing. The main advantage is versatility. “Breathing” structures can be used on any surface, regardless of the number of floors or configuration load-bearing walls private buildings: log, timber or frame type.

Among the many advantages of this design are the following:

• Wide selection of materials that can be used decorative cladding walls;
• heat and sound insulation of a frame or timber structure;
• increasing service life, durability is the most important factor for wooden buildings;
• There is no need to constantly maintain the facing material in good condition. Except in cases where wooden cladding materials are used (they must be treated with special chemical impregnations and solutions or varnishes).
• most of them have a certain resistance to mechanical damage, and some are even considered anti-vandal material;
• fire safety;
  

• replacing one cladding structural element does not require extra work. It is enough to dismantle it and then install a new one.

It is important to know

All of the listed characteristics are inherent in frame or any other type of buildings, subject to strict adherence technical requirements for installation, as well as the material used.

Thanks to its proven qualities, this decorative solution is actively used throughout Russia. Gradually, the number of buildings whose external cladding is made in this “breathable” way is becoming more and more numerous, which allows us to talk about their popularity.

In Russia there is no unified document on the insulation of facades of apartment buildings; slightly different rules apply in different cities and regions. In some regions of the country there are state programs for insulating high-rise buildings, and all work is carried out using budget funds. If your home is not one of the lucky ones, then you will have to contact the utility services before performing insulation.

The external walls of the house are common property, even if the apartment is privately owned. Since insulating the facade will change the appearance of the house, coordination with public utilities and local architects. As a rule, there are no problems. You just need to go to the appropriate management authority and write a petition, and the chances of getting a positive response increase if the petition is written simultaneously by several residents who want to insulate their apartments. In addition, joint integral insulation of the facade is many times more effective and better than “patchwork” thermal insulation technology.

Your application may be denied if the house has historical value. In Moscow, it is almost impossible to obtain permission to insulate just one apartment - work can only be carried out if the entire house is insulated at once. In some regions, insulation will be possible if all residents of the house do not mind.

In Ukraine, the external walls of the house are also the joint property of the residents, and, in theory, all decisions regarding changes to their appearance should be made at appropriate meetings. In practice, no one does this; everyone insulates themselves without asking permission from their neighbors. Such amateur activity may end in court or a meeting of owners who collectively decide to dismantle the insulation, and this decision will be completely legal. In fact, there are practically no precedents.

No. 3. Who pays for the insulation of an apartment building?

If you decide to insulate only the outer walls of your apartment and haven’t asked anyone, then you’ll have to pay for everything yourself. There is a more attractive option, but it requires the active participation of all residents of the house. If you prove that the house needs insulation, and without it it is not suitable for normal living, then you can receive funds for insulation from the council budget or management company. In addition, in some regions there are programs on gradual comprehensive insulation of apartment buildings.

Residents of Ukraine can also save significantly on. There are government programs aimed at increasing the thermal efficiency of residential buildings. They only apply to houses that are fully insulated and not insulated in spots. Of course, the agreement of all necessary details will require time and patience, but comprehensive insulation will give much top scores, and all the work will cost much less than with individual “patchwork” insulation. State programs provide for reimbursement of up to 50% of the cost of insulation work. Banks offer preferential lending conditions for apartment insulation: the state repays from 30-40 to 70% of the loan.

No. 4. What's wrong with spot insulation of an apartment building?

As soon as we drive through a number of post-Soviet cities, we will see the same unpleasing picture - the walls of high-rise buildings are completely covered with stains different color. These are residents trying to make their apartment more comfortable. Of course, this sight does not cause disgust, irritation, or any other negative reactions in anyone, but the main problem is not even appearance, and the quality of such insulation, its durability and safety of the walls of the house.

The boundaries of the insulation of a separate apartment run exactly along the floor slabs. In these places the dew point shifts sharply from the insulation into the wall, which leads to moisture condensation and the risk of mold, and the fungus can appear both in the insulated apartment (at the junction of the wall with the ceiling and floor) and in neighboring apartments. Temperature difference façade wall in neighboring areas also does not benefit the house. As a result, we can talk not only about the problem high humidity, but also the gradual destruction of the main wall.

One more problem - constant wetness of the upper end of the thermal insulation. Although they try in every possible way to protect it from precipitation, the constant exposure to moisture and the accumulation of snow gradually destroys the adhesive fastening of the thermal insulation and allows water to enter. It is difficult to create a continuous contour of thermal insulation, therefore complete tightness of the insulation area is practically impossible. We will not mention the aesthetic problem of spot insulation anymore.

Ideally, it is necessary to negotiate and insulate the façade of the house completely, from to , especially since it will cost less than individual insulation, even if you do not use any programs or benefits.

No. 5. Technologies for insulating the facade of an apartment building

There are two fundamentally different ways insulation of the facade of a high-rise building:

No. 6. Choosing a material for insulating an apartment building

Today, polystyrene foam and mineral wool are often used to insulate apartment buildings, but there are many more options, and each of them will be most preferable in specific cases. So, You can choose from the following options:

It’s worth paying just a little attention to studying various technologies and insulation materials, choosing a reliable contractor, in order to enjoy comfort in your apartment for years and save on utilities. If you use all your communication and organizational skills, then you can insulate the entire house and your apartment in particular very cheaply. Since it is sometimes impossible to come to an agreement with neighbors, and spot insulation cannot be avoided, then at least try to find the most qualified and responsible team of performers and ask what materials they use.