In wooden housing construction, developers sometimes face the problem of choosing the type building material for the construction of house walls. There is something to think about here: what to choose - rounded logs or timber? And if you give preference to timber, then which of the available types of timber (simple, profiled, laminated) should you choose? What and for what purposes would be better suited?

A rounded log differs from a simply hewn log in that the processing of the tree trunk is carried out using special equipment, which ensures the removal of up to 10 mm of the surface layer and obtains a perfectly smooth “marketable” surface. In addition, wood samples are made in the log (crescent-shaped - for tightly laying logs on top of each other in the walls and lock-shaped - to ensure the connection of logs at the corner joint of the walls). Country houses and country houses made of rounded logs look very attractive. This is explained by two reasons:

• a boring stereotype of the standard has taken root in the public consciousness architectural style in residential construction with its flat and geometrically strict surfaces. Against this background, the wall of logs looks like an exclusive tribute to hoary antiquity with its “mansions and chambers”;
• In our time, saturated with many factors of environmental disruption, a dwelling made of rounded logs is, relatively speaking, the standard of environmental friendliness.

The advantages of rounded logs as a building material include:

• widespread - this makes wood easily accessible and provides the opportunity to carefully select the quality and condition of the wood;
• aesthetically pleasing natural look wood material, which opens up very great opportunities for designer imagination when designing a residential building;
• high structural strength, allowing the use of OB as a load-bearing structural material in beams, supports, etc.;
• high durability of the structure, provided that measures are taken to protect the wood from fungal attack and excess moisture;
• relative ease of construction of the structure, most operations of which do not require the use of special construction equipment
• the relatively low cost of OB makes it more accessible for housing construction.

The disadvantages of rounded logs include:

• exposure of OB to shrinkage processes, which can last from several months to a year;
• to ensure the impermeability of the walls, the adjacent surfaces of adjacent logs must be carefully sealed with inter-crown insulation, which is difficult to do on curved surfaces;
• during the process of shrinkage and shrinkage, noticeable cracks may appear on the surface of the OB that need to be sealed;
• OB requires protective treatment with protective agents against fungal damage.

Beam: pros and cons

A beam is a log from which roundings have been removed on four sides, resulting in a rectangle in cross-section with dimensions of 100 mm or more. The cardinal difference between buildings made of timber and OB is not only a more “industrial” appearance, but also high manufacturability: corner joints are much easier to make. This simultaneously simplifies the task of sealing them. As for the other properties of the timber, they are identical to the properties of OB, since they are united by the same woody nature. Definite improvement construction properties the timber is given by its profiling, during which a “comb” of grooves and tenons appears on the surface of its contact with the adjacent beam. In this case, the tightness of the fit dramatically improves, and the thermal insulation properties of the walls increase.

The laminated version is distinguished by a radical improvement in the consumer properties of the timber. In this case, the timber is formed by gluing lamellas (a thin, well-dried board). The combination of adhesive technology and profiling results in a high-tech building material that is easy to construct walls and has high thermal insulation properties. It does not shrink, has a high-quality surface that does not require decorative finishing.

Prices: log or timber, which is better

In resolving the question - what better timber or a log - price is certainly an important factor. Below are the approximate prices for OB and timber.

In general, other factors being equal, ordinary timber should cost slightly more than OB, but cheaper than profiled timber. Glued laminated profiled timber is the most expensive, which is practically justified complete absence disadvantages inherent in wood, and the presence of high technology in installation, not to mention improved performance properties (thermal insulation).

conclusions

If we compare rounded logs or laminated veneer lumber, taking into account all their advantages and disadvantages, we can conclude that when choosing OB, you focus on aesthetics, relegating cost increases to the background construction work and the problem of heat conservation. If you are trying to achieve a compromise between ecology, aesthetics, manufacturability of installation, cost and heat saving, then in a pair of rounded logs or profiled timber, preference should be given to the latter.

A lot has already been said about the advantages of wooden houses. Those who want to build their own Vacation home cozy and beautiful, they choose wood as a building material.

However, not everyone understands what is better to use, a log or timber. In addition, there are planed logs, and there are rounded ones; beams are also divided into profiled and glued. Let's try to understand all the diversity together and determine the most best option for suburban wooden house.

Production technologies

Logs belong to the category of wood materials natural humidity. This means that the moisture content that is in the growing trunk remains at the beginning of construction work. When all the liquid comes out of the logs naturally, a shrinkage process occurs, this can take a long time whole year. Only after all the moisture has left the wood and the frame has completely settled down, can construction continue, in particular, carry out Finishing work.

The so-called planed log is a tree trunk that is processed using a hand plane. This should be done by a specialist, since only the top layer can be removed without touching those underneath. This is the most ancient technology, which takes a lot of time, and the cost of planed logs is the highest of all. But, such building material is practically not affected by temperature changes and microorganisms, thanks to the protective resinous top layer.

Rounded logs are produced somewhat differently. When an ordinary unprocessed trunk reaches timber processing plants, it is put on a conveyor that feeds the wood into the machines. During the processing process, all the upper layers are removed to the required diameter, only the solid core remains, and the length also becomes standard. In addition, for corner unities, samples are made “into the bowl”. This greatly facilitates the installation of log houses and makes the connections tighter. Such timber is cheaper, but it must be treated with an antiseptic, since after the machine there are open pores in which moisture accumulates, which is an excellent environment for the development of fungus.

Profiled timber is also a product of machine processing. The difference between it and a rounded log is that its two parallel surfaces (which will then become the inner and outer walls) are absolutely flat, and the remaining two have matching key grooves. Thanks to this profile, installation of an inter-crown seal is not required, and both interior and exterior finishing can be done without prior preparation. Profiled timber also needs to be impregnated with fire-resistant and antibacterial compounds.

Glued laminated timber is a composite material that is glued together from individual boards of varying lengths. This technology has a number of undeniable advantages, but it also has quite noticeable disadvantages. Advantages of laminated veneer lumber over solid wood consist of higher strength and durability, better thermal insulation, low shrinkage, no cracks. The most significant disadvantages include high cost, as well as sensitivity to violation technological process production.

Which is better: a house made of timber or logs?

Based on the above, we can draw some conclusions about the behavior of these wood materials in the structures of houses, bathhouses and other structures. However, such information will not fully reflect the true state of affairs. In addition to production technologies, it is necessary to analyze performance characteristics. Which house to choose from log or timber? The answer to this question is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. Someone may decide that there is not much difference and that the first thing that comes up is what you should buy. This approach is absolutely wrong.

If you do not take into account factors such as high cost and long construction period, then we can recommend planed logs for the construction of any wooden structures.

Its excellent protective properties give a very long service life of the building with little maintenance. In addition, the walls of such a log house “breathe” creating a comfortable microclimate, which will be immediately appreciated by people susceptible to changes in humidity and temperature. From the outside, the house will look very rich and, with appropriate color treatment, will be quite bright, one of the most noticeable among all neighboring buildings. Interior decoration is also quite simple, you just need to open the walls with varnish, after shading it with stain.

Profiled timber is also quite good and has a number of advantages. The first is the wood profile itself.

Its locking system is so tight that the seals inherent in log cabins are simply not needed. Its neat side surfaces are suitable for fastening plasterboard boards, ceramic tiles (you just need to fasten the reinforcing mesh), and MDF panels.

When it comes to surface outer wall, then a tighter fit of the thermal insulation material gives a greater effect. The log does not have this.

The rounded log can be conditionally placed in third place (only conditionally), since its excellent installation performance fades somewhat when it comes to operation. At first, about three years, you will have to carefully monitor the structure of the house. Such wood material requires care; the impregnations evaporate over time, so the treatment must be carried out again. It is also possible that under the influence of sunlight and oxygen, the outside of the log house will darken, especially its southern side. Then it will need to be bleached. Carrying out external finishing work, for example, paneling with a block house, the purpose of which is to protect the surface of the wall, will negate all the advantages of the log house.

In terms of its characteristics, laminated veneer lumber seems to be one of the leaders, however, there are many pitfalls. The high price of this material is not due to the costs of its production. The reason for the high cost of laminated veneer lumber is most likely that this wood building material appeared relatively recently, which means that its manufacturers are testing the market, starting with the highest possible profit. If the quality is poor adhesive composition It is quite possible that individual boards will delaminate and are most likely discarded.

It is also absolutely unknown how a structure based on laminated timber will behave after a long period of time, 30 years or 50.

Therefore, this wood is a big question, and it is not recommended to build permanent residential buildings from it.

MK replacement of timber. Personal experience city ​​women

Timber or log: what to build?

Which house to choose from log or timber? In addition to the fact that each material has its own advantages and disadvantages, the designs of wooden houses can also be considered in this context. Log houses, especially those made from large-diameter trunks, are quite heavy and their pressure on the ground is greater than that of timber ones. This means you need to make a foundation that can withstand the weight of the building and keep it intact throughout its entire service life. This will entail additional costs and increase the construction period.

There is a construction technology frame houses from timber. The main advantages of this method are speed of installation, low thermal conductivity of the structure, and good appearance. However, the reason for which wooden buildings are actually erected is frame houses absent. This building doesn't breathe. The whole meaning of both the building itself and its construction as a residential building is lost. Often the determining factor when choosing frame technology is low cost. If we are talking about country house, in which it is necessary to carry out only summer months, then such a choice can be justified, but for permanent residence It's better to look at other options.

There is another fundamental difference between a log and timber. Building construction it is warmer on the base of the logs. The level of protection of a building from cold is determined by the thickness of the wall. Since logs are trunks from which a smaller layer of wood has been removed, then, by definition, such a house will be better protected from winter frosts. There are even state regulations that determine the minimum permissible log diameter for each region. Two surfaces of the timber are cut off, which make the log house more thermally conductive. Therefore, a house made of timber, regardless of its manufacturing technology, must be insulated using appropriate materials.

In addition to insulation measures, in timber structures it is necessary to provide for normal ventilation in the space between the wall and the cladding, where the insulation is located. Otherwise, you can expect the appearance of fungus, that is, the wood will begin to rot. A log house is devoid of such nuances, so it receives one more plus to its advantages. In addition, any external finishing material, be it siding, block house, façade panel or any other, will look natural only when it imitates a log wall.

Architecture and design

Most experts in the field of architecture are inclined to think that a log house is preferable, since it is a classic example of a wooden house. It does not need to be specially trimmed to obtain additional benefits. The outside of a house made of timber is a smooth wall, which without additional decoration looks rather primitive. There is a field of activity for designers here. As a rule, such specialists suggest doing it on window and doorways carved platbands, equip the windows themselves with shutters, you can also make a porch with a canopy. Such, by and large, decorative details will give the monotonous surface a more attractive appearance and concentrate the viewer’s attention at certain points.

Interior decoration of premises in log cabins and houses made of timber are also somewhat different. By and large, nature lovers in the interior do not need to carry out any complex work on organizing interior decoration. Just like on the outside, it is enough to give the necessary shade and cover it with a protective composition. Such a wall in a log house will look very solid. The rounded differences in the logs will immediately contrast with familiar walls city ​​apartment, and it's nice to relax the eyes. If the owner wants to make repairs and bring the surface to a standard look, he can always do this using various panels or slabs.

Houses made of timber are finished only using standard technology, using common materials such as wallpaper, decorative plaster, ceramic tile etc. Appearance doesn't remind me of the interior wooden house, although, if desired, you can leave the walls in their original form, then the building will be able to breathe (this only applies to profiled timber), but the smooth surface will have to be decorated with many decorative elements. In this case, it is better to seek help from a specialist. An interior designer will be able to get the most out of the environment, in particular by making the right lighting and arranging furniture.

There are a lot of debates about which house is better made of logs or timber; just go to any forum and see the results of the discussion on this topic. But it is impossible to say definitively that one or another option is better. We can only summarize and draw some conclusions.

The positive aspects of log cabins:

• the house “breathes”;
• solid appearance;
• lower cost of materials and work;
• time-tested technologies.

- EITHER THIS OR THAT -

What to choose a wooden house made of logs, beams or frame - the best wooden houses, pros and cons.

Wood always remains the most popular building material due to its good technological properties and, of course, unique natural beauty. And with the help latest technologies construction, today wooden houses of any architectural form and style can be built, including traditional classics or even futuristic high-tech. With all this diversity, all wooden houses fit equally harmoniously into the natural landscape and into the atmosphere of our metropolis.

How about them?
In America and Europe, wooden houses do not lose their leading positions in housing construction, and multi-story high-rise wooden houses are increasingly being the subject of various studies, as well as tests, during which it has been proven more than once that wooden buildings are competitive.

In recent years, when wooden construction is experiencing its revival, one of the newest trends in wooden housing construction is the construction of high-rise multi-story wooden buildings. Multi-storey high-rise wooden buildings have justified themselves for the construction and modeling of any structure. Also, multi-storey wooden houses are not inferior to their counterparts made from other building materials in terms of sound insulation.

This is possible - new trends in high-rise wooden housing construction.

Swedish experts managed to prove from their own experience that multi-storey wooden houses are generally cheaper than their counterparts made of brick, concrete or stone. In Stockholm, they designed and built an eight-story wooden residential building, whose height is 26 m and which is one of the tallest buildings made entirely of wood. The height of the house is 26 m. The house was built to order from a company that studied the feasibility, environmental friendliness and profitability wood construction in the conditions of a modern metropolis.

The wooden structure of the house is made up of a modular frame made of solid wood - cedar. The facade of the building is made of untreated cedar wood. It is famous for its excellent characteristics such as high resistance to damage by various insects and resistance to rotting. The cedar in this building was also used for interior decoration premises.

Cedar wood can change color over time under the influence of various weather conditions, sun, rain. It gradually acquires a silver-gray tint. Such a wooden house made of cedar wood does not need additional care, it does not need to be painted, or labor-intensive finishing work must be carried out on it.

After some time, the house itself will look even nicer and better.
In Finland, according to a program to promote wooden construction, multi-storey wooden houses are being built in cities. And so far the reviews of the residents inhabiting these wooden houses are extremely positive.

Taking into account such positive experience of various European countries, the Wooden Europe program was introduced in the European Union. This program provides that the percentage occupied by wooden houses in the total housing stock should be 80% by 2020.

It must be emphasized that a number of European countries are already close to this percentage. In Finland, wooden houses occupy 40% of the total housing stock, Germany shows the result at 20%, Austria - 30%. New trends in wooden housing construction also cover the sphere of construction of public buildings.

In Europe, new technologies are constantly being developed that make it possible to build high-tech high-rise wooden houses. Modern developments in the field of wood construction technologies provide new opportunities to significantly optimize and reduce construction costs, as well as significantly reduce the overall construction cycle.

Among other things, wood itself has many quality advantages that are superior to other building materials. One of the most pressing advantages in our age of climate disasters is, undoubtedly, the high seismic resistance of a wooden structure.

According to experts, wood bends under impact loads and then returns to its original position due to such qualities as flexibility and high elasticity, unlike reinforced concrete structures, which can collapse immediately if there are shocks in the earth’s crust.

According to research results, wooden houses and the widespread use of wood in mass construction can affect concentrations in the atmosphere carbon dioxide. One average-sized wooden house can absorb 40 tons of carbon dioxide, which is equal to the amount of emissions from a car that is actively used for 20 years by one family.

The construction of wooden cottages has long been in fashion everywhere. and is gaining more and more momentum. For Slavic countries, country and country residential wooden houses remain in great demand and are increasingly gaining momentum.

Which house is better - made of logs, timber or frame?

House made of wood - logs, beams or frame? Which one is cheaper? These questions plague all private home developers. Unfortunately, there is no clear answer to these questions for the reason - different variants in different price segments.

What may influence the choice of material is the seasonality of residence in the future home and the region of construction. The best wooden houses will be those that best suit you based on the season, the region of residence, operating conditions, and, of course, your preferences and budget.

House for permanent or seasonal residence in middle lane Russia. If we consider wooden houses for permanent residence in regions with traditional Russian winters and temperature changes, then there are quite a lot of options to choose from: a house made of logs, timber or frame.

The main difference between the technologies for building houses for permanent and seasonal residence is the level of thermal insulation. In wooden houses for permanent residence, a high level of thermal insulation is achieved by the thickness of the walls of the enclosing structures, the installation of an insulated floor and roof with the exception of cold bridges. If you prefer pure wood, then a house made of logs or timber.

A house made of logs - a durable, warm and beautiful log house - isn't this happiness?

A traditional, but more labor-intensive way to build wooden country houses in Russia is to build a house from a log. The log house is valued precisely because the log always “breathes.” But so that the dwelling does not resemble a windswept hut made of brushwood, the diameter of the log for the latitude of Moscow and the Moscow region must be at least 250 mm.

Such houses must undergo a period of shrinkage before finishing and installing windows and doors; caulking of seams is mandatory. Preparing and joining logs, notching corners in this option requires a certain carpentry professionalism; in terms of construction costs, such houses will be among the most expensive houses from the listed options.

Wall deformations during settlement are permanent.

A house made of chopped or rounded logs should dry out gradually. In general, as the moisture content of the wood decreases, it will shrink over the course of 7–8 years, which can amount to 10–12 cm. Finishing of the premises can only be done in the second year after the construction of the house. Then the heating is turned on, and during the first heating season it maintains a temperature no higher than 10°C. In this case, the wood will dry slowly, and settlement will occur more evenly, without serious deformations.

The first year of standing a frame frame and preferably under a temporary roof is the most critical. It is during this period that it settles most actively, which is why there is a high probability of violation of the geometry of the building, cracking and displacement of logs, the appearance of cracks on the gables, and sagging of the rafter system.

However, you can count on comfort in it only if the gaps between the logs and the cracks in them are securely sealed. The first and main problem that every owner of a log house faces is the gaps between the logs and in the logs themselves. It is practically impossible to avoid their appearance, being a living material, wood reacts sensitively to fluctuations in temperature and humidity, therefore, almost invisible changes to the eye are constantly happening to the log, its linear dimensions are not constant. This means that the cracks need to be sealed. How?

For many centuries, the only way to protect against drafts and humidity was caulk. We don’t dare challenge this time-tested method - tow, jute, moss or flax, tightly packed between the crowns, really solve the problem. But unfortunately, not once and for all.

A year after the log house is folded and caulked, it has to be caulked again, since as a result of settlement the gaps between the logs increase noticeably. Renovations will be required in the future, and not only because of the natural deformations of the wood - the soft fibrous material is taken away by birds. And finally, insects that willingly settle in cracks sealed in this way can become a problem.

So how can you protect such a vulnerable seam? In the already distant times of “historical materialism,” the gaps between logs and cracks were filled with a mixture of cement and clay, but this did not solve the problem. With seasonal movements of the log house, the rigid seam inevitably cracked and crumbled. The advent of polymer sealants and putties did not improve the situation; these materials, which had proven themselves in static structures, turned out to be unsuitable for a moving, “living” wooden house, since they did not have the proper elasticity.

The solution was found about a quarter of a century ago, when wood sealants with a number of specific properties appeared on the market. This is resistance to influence. atmospheric precipitation and sunlight, high adhesion to wood, but most importantly - the highest elasticity, which allows the material to compensate for the movements of the log house and prevent the occurrence of cracks. The seam is insulated, durable and completely impenetrable to any harmful influences.

It is worth emphasizing that these sealants do not lose their properties throughout their service life of 20 years or more. It is impossible not to note the rather wide decorative possibilities of joint sealants. They have a rich color palette and, most importantly, they do not turn yellow or fade over time. Many manufacturers claim that, when applied correctly, the sealant will last as long as the house itself. As they say, cover it up and forget it.

It’s cheaper and easier to build a house from timber!

Obviously, the most important advantages timber houses is their environmental friendliness, natural origin and psychological acceptance, as well as the availability of material and understandability of construction technology.

Houses made of timber are known to be of three types: from ordinary massive edged timber and profiled planed or laminated timber. If you want an inexpensive country house, but a purely wooden house for seasonal living, then a house made of profiled solid timber, most often in size (145x145), can be a good alternative.

The best option for building a house from profiled timber is to use dry lumber - timber, which means the possibility of turnkey construction without waiting for shrinkage, although even in dry timber there is slight shrinkage, and this must be taken into account when installing windows and doors.

Profiled solid timber, due to simple and inexpensive technological processing and preparation of the material, is more affordable than laminated veneer lumber.

Houses made of laminated veneer lumber.

Recently, new modifications of timber have entered the arena, designed to relieve the customer of the disadvantages of massive timber - cracks, shrinkage and deformation, although this can also be avoided or minimized.
Glued laminated timber is a material glued together under a press from lamella blanks made of coniferous wood, dried and planed on four sides to obtain precise geometry. The fibers of the lamellas are located in different directions, which makes the laminated timber practically not subject to longitudinal cracking. Maximum size beam sections (270 × 270 mm.)

At the factory, in accordance with the design drawings, all the details of the future house are manufactured. The machines make inter-crown cups for corner joints, end slots for inserting window bars and door blocks, and also drill holes for steel ties and dowels.

The advantages of the material include its excellent aesthetic qualities, minimal shrinkage, durability, if the production technology is strictly followed. The disadvantages include the high cost of laminated veneer lumber.

Insulated timber. Most often it is promoted on the market under the names: double, warm, package timber and structurally they are not far from frame ones, since the outline remains wooden, and insulation is laid inside it different types from polystyrene foam and mineral wool to loose insulation materials, even to sawdust.

Beam insulated with polyurethane foam (PPU) - PPU timber.
A prefabricated wooden house can be energy efficient if it is built from insulated PPU timber. Its production begins with the harvesting of lumber from coniferous trees. Raw unedged boards are placed in drying chambers, in which, at temperatures up to 65°C, the wood is gently dried until it reaches a residual moisture content of 10–12%. After this, the boards are processed on special machines, where they are turned into slats and inserts of specified sizes.

The frame of the PU foam beam is assembled from the obtained parts: two lamellas are connected to each other at a distance of 70 mm from one another with inserts located at intervals of 0.5 m using a dovetail lock. This ensures structural strength. The products are then placed on a conveyor belt and the extrusion machine fills their cavities with polyurethane foam. As it hardens, it forms a dense, dry mass and firmly adheres to the walls of the frame.

Next, the resulting workpiece is profiled on a four-sided planer, resulting in tenons and grooves appearing on the top and bottom sides of the finished timber. It is interesting that the profile of the PPU timber is made in such a way that when laying the crowns there is no need to lay insulation between them. When assembling a house, the parts of the beams filled with polyurethane foam are first connected (the polyurethane foam protrudes slightly above the surface of the beam), and only with further vertical load are their profiled parts joined. Polyurethane foam compressed under force prevents blowing between the crowns.

The material is delivered to the site in the form of a set of beams, selected and numbered according to the project. Even at the factory, “cups” are cut to the required sizes, as well as tenons and grooves, so the beams are easily and quickly connected to each other.

If the house is frame

Many developers dream of building a cottage in one construction season. Anyone who is at least a little interested in the issues of private housing construction knows that one of the fastest technologies is frame. Even ten years ago, our compatriots had an opinion about “frame houses” as unreliable, flimsy houses that were suitable only for a summer cottage.

Frame construction technologies.

Today, frame technologies are gaining momentum not only in the USA, Canada and Europe, where they are rather traditional, but also in Russia. An important factor for domestic developers is that a frame house can be made warm enough, bringing it closer to modern requirements energy efficiency of the building.

Building a frame house is profitable on your own simple option: frame made of timber/boards, insulation, vapor barrier, cladding budget materials for internal and exterior finishing. Such a house is quickly erected, can have any shape and size, does not shrink, and the requirements for the foundation are minimal. Usage natural materials makes such houses environmentally friendly, and technology makes them warm for all weather conditions.

Frame houses for permanent residence contain a more massive frame and more complex filling, designed to increase structural strength, thermal insulation, provide vapor barrier and wind protection. For example, you may encounter such a phenomenon as “ frame houses made of laminated veneer lumber” - here we mean that the frame posts are made of laminated veneer lumber to avoid deformation.

In frame houses, unlike timber houses, various options for interior and exterior decoration are assumed - from lining and imitation timber to plaster. The designs of such houses themselves can also be more architecturally complex.

It is frame houses that are most often called energy efficient, because... their design makes it possible to eliminate the air permeability of walls and organize effective intra-house communications - ventilation, heating, in order to minimize heat loss and reduce financial investments to ensure comfortable all-season living.

The most famous are three options for a frame house: a frame-frame house (also called Canadian), a panel-frame house (German) and a house made of SIP panels (American)

Canadian technology.

The peculiarity of the Canadian version is that all blanks for the cottage (they are produced in a factory) are delivered to the site in the form of separate parts of a construction kit. The basis of the building is a frame consisting of beams, beams and trusses. For their production, either high-quality planed softwood lumber is used, dried in a chamber to 18% humidity, or laminated veneer lumber, but this is a more expensive option. The outside of the house is most often sheathed with oriented strand moisture-resistant OSB (Oriented Strand Board) boards 12 mm thick.

Some companies use 12 mm cement particle boards for this purpose, either on the outside and OSB boards on the inside. Thermal protection buildings are created, as a rule, using basalt wool with a layer thickness (150–200 mm).

On the inside of the frame, the thermal insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film, and on the outside - with a wind and waterproof film. The “pie” walls from the inside are completed with OSB sheets, clapboard or plasterboard, which serves as the basis for the finishing.

Outside can be used in a variety of ways Decoration Materials: block house, imitation timber, siding, etc. materials suitable for exterior decoration.

The advantages of the Canadian option include high heat and energy-saving characteristics of the building, the ability to build houses with geometrically complex configurations, and the fact that construction can be carried out at any time of the year without loss of quality.

German technology of frame-panel houses.

Using this technology, the house is completely manufactured at the factory, and the structural elements arrive at the developer’s site in the form of finished panels. Using an automatic line allows you to minimize manual labor and achieve High Quality panel assembly. Thus, the human factor is minimized here.

For the frame, only laminated veneer lumber (180 × 80 mm) is used. The panel is sheathed on both sides with 12 mm OSB boards, and 200 mm thick mineral wool insulation is laid inside. On the inside, the OSB is covered with a vapor barrier film, and then drywall is attached.

The exterior offers several finishing options. In accordance with the design, windows and doors are installed in the panels at the factory, and cable channels are laid for electrical wiring. The panels are made from interior partitions, interfloor ceilings, roofing panels.

After assembly is completed, the finished products are loaded onto 14-meter panel trucks and delivered to the construction site in parts - exactly as much as is needed for one working day.

Houses made of SIP panels.

Another one frame-panel technology- SIP technology. It is often called Canadian, but it has nothing to do with Canada. The first structural thermally insulated SIP panels were produced in the USA, and therefore it would be more correct to call this method of house construction American.

An alternative to a frame-panel house can be a house made of SIP panels - these are sandwich panels 17-22 cm thick, where between two OSB boards (oriented particle board, consists of several layers of wood chips, which are connected to each other using resins), insulation is laid - most often polystyrene foam.

Such a factory-made house is assembled from ready-made block panels, assembled according to standard projects with reference to their size. Foundation requirements are minimal. The only thing that supporters and opponents of this technology are breaking spears is the environmental friendliness and flammability of materials.

The advantages of this technology include high thermal insulation characteristics buildings (heating costs panel-frame house almost 7 times less than the cost of heating a house made of laminated veneer lumber), strength (the building can withstand earthquakes of 10 points on the Richter scale) and record assembly time - 2–3 days.

The disadvantages are the need to use heavy equipment, which, firstly, is not always possible, and secondly, it increases the cost of construction, as well as some limited architectural solutions. Of the complex geometric shapes, only the bay window is accessible, but the building itself will somehow look like a “box”.

SIP technology or section of a SIP panel.

A SIP panel is a combination of OSB boards and expanded polystyrene (PSB-C25) glued together. And although none of the materials has load-bearing capacity, in duet they form a durable monolithic sandwich structure (OSB-PSB-OSB). This technology has many advantages and disadvantages. The building retains heat well and warms up quickly.

This a good option for non-year-round homes and areas where there is no centralized gas heating. The use of vapor-tight insulation allows you to get rid of condensation at the dew point inside the wall. In addition, since walls made from SIP panels are perfectly flat, drywall is mounted on them without metal profiles, which speeds up work and helps reduce financial costs.

And now about the cons.

The main one is expanded polystyrene, about the environmental friendliness and fire safety of which you can find diametrically opposed opinions. Although special additives make the material self-extinguishing, as indicated by the letter “C” in the PSB-S marking, domestic developers are still very doubtful about SIP technology, not wanting to live in a “foam house.”

A common drawback of frame houses is the problem of ventilation, which is inherent in all types of frame houses. Optimal solution, as is often done abroad, install a climate control system. However, you can limit yourself to forced ventilation, at least in the kitchen and bathrooms, and provide air exchange in living areas with normal ventilation.

So what is cheaper, frame houses or solid wood houses - timber.

It’s interesting, but the range of offers for both categories of houses is more or less the same, and its extreme values ​​differ by an order of magnitude. Houses made of timber and frame houses are comparable in cost. A good log house is comparable to a house made of laminated veneer lumber and the main difference is in the appearance and speed of putting the building into operation; laminated veneer lumber is much faster.

In custody:

All options are worthy and have their advantages, but also certain disadvantages. Do right choice it is possible only by studying the features of the technology in relation to your needs, wishes, requirements, conditions of development and operation - residence, and the area where the house will be built.

Of course, wooden house construction was, is, and will probably always be in demand in Russia. But if we talk about the prospects for building energy-saving frame houses, they may be the future.

According to SNiP 02/23/2003, not a single wooden building, no matter what type of log or timber material it is built from, it does not meet the requirements for thermal protection, and therefore needs to be insulated. Having spent very serious financial resources on expensive materials and expensive construction services, you will receive relatively warm house and in winter you will have to heat it, as they say: “with banknotes.”

The eco-friendly boom is gaining momentum! Humanity wants to wear natural clothes, eat natural food and live in eco-friendly homes.

The popularity of wooden construction today is obvious, and many who, as a rule, decide to build a wooden house, ask the question “what is better: timber or logs?” Let's try to figure this issue out together.

Buildings made of wood, and more specifically, solid logs, have a long history. Since ancient times, log houses have been built on the territory of Mother Russia, and some of them can still be seen today.

The craftsmen of that time used only an ax. Such craftsmen (cutters) still exist today. But this process is very long, labor-intensive and, naturally, expensive.

Log

Advantages of log houses:

• the presence of a protective outer layer rich in tree resins;
• a log processed by hand will crack less;
• reliability of a log house.

Disadvantages of log houses:

• high cost of construction and long duration of work;
• shrinkage can occur up to two years and reach 12%.

The rounded log is prepared using modern factory technologies. The trunk then has the same caliber and aesthetic appearance, but loses its protective layer, which allows buildings made from solid logs to stand and please the eye much longer. Modern wood preservatives come to the rescue, allowing the rounded log to compensate for this shortcoming.

Advantages of houses made of rounded logs:

• assembling such a house takes significantly less time than assembling a log house and, as a fact, construction costs less;
• the appearance of such houses is impeccable, allowing you to see the unique texture of the wood.

Disadvantages of houses made of rounded logs:

• a common disadvantage, as in a log house, is the long shrinkage period;
• low protection of logs from weather factors;
• a significant number of cracks.

timber

A review of wooden construction led us to talk about houses made of timber. Construction from timber is convenient and rational. There is no need to adjust wooden elements, more possibilities for interior decoration, which gives scope for individual design solutions. IN modern construction The following types of timber are used: regular, profiled and glued.

Regular timber

Buying regular timber is not difficult, as many companies sell it. This is an environmentally friendly type of building material that has not been subjected to additional processing. The appearance of unplaned ordinary timber is not as presentable as, for example, glued timber and therefore requires external finishing work.

Pros:

• Low price (the production process is quite simple)
• Ease of construction
• Availability on the construction market and short delivery times

Minuses:

• The appearance of cracks (after shrinkage, additional cladding on the outside may be required)
• The appearance of gaps due to the deformation of ordinary timber, which entails distortion of the walls of the building
• The likelihood of “blue staining”, which can be avoided by promptly treating the wood with an antiseptic

Profiled timber

Profiled timber is very popular. As they say, it’s a pleasure to work with him, because it is the presence of the profile that allows you to assemble it like a construction set, without modifying the openings. Its smooth surfaces have a neat appearance, which makes it possible to do without additional cladding. Houses made from profiled timber have an attractive appearance.

Pros:

• Presentable appearance
• Rigidity of the structure and tight connection, which does not allow moisture to get between the beams and eliminates rotting
• No need for additional finishing after shrinkage
• Good wear resistance and thermal insulation
• Economical construction (little waste after assembly)

Minuses:

• Shrinkage time is required, but less than that of a simple beam
• The inevitable appearance of cracks during the drying process

Glued beam

If we focus on the advantages, then special attention laminated timber deserves. Eco-friendly, beautiful, reliable and durable houses made of laminated veneer lumber practically do not shrink, which makes their popularity undeniable. There is no deformation or cracks, which means that you can move into such a house as soon as construction is completed. The seismic resistance of buildings made of laminated veneer lumber is quite high.

Pros:

• Minimum shrinkage
• No deformation of laminated timber buildings
• No difficulties in assembly and additional finishing work
• High thermal insulation characteristics
• Ability to implement complex projects

Minuses:

• High cost (approximately two to three times higher than construction from conventional timber)
• Despite the use of environmental glue, this type of timber still loses in the fight for “naturalness” compared to others

It's not that easy to tell the difference between timber and logs.. It all depends on your preferences and finances. After all, the issue of price is often the main argument in choosing a material for construction. Someone is ready to wait a couple of years for “shrinkage” to enter the original Russian log house. And some are captivated by the speed and aristocracy of buildings made of laminated veneer lumber.

The choice of wood material depends on the object itself, which you have planned to build: this construction will be country cottage, baths or just country house. For example, for the construction of a summer house, the period of residence in which is limited from spring to mid-autumn, inexpensive ordinary timber is perfect.

Conducting comparative characteristics Before you buy materials for construction, pay attention not to “more expensive - cheaper”, but to the quality of wood harvesting, be it timber or logs.

If the decision is made to build a cottage or summer cottage made of wood, we have to find the answer to the question: which house is better to build - from timber or rounded logs? Solid timber with natural humidity, along with OCB, is the most affordable, so it makes sense to compare their advantages and disadvantages, and then make the final choice.

Houses made of rounded logs and timber: comparative technological characteristics

The production technology of these lumber is not much different. When making OCB, the log trunk passes through a system of cutters, turning into a regular cylinder. In this case, the unstable layer of wood (sapwood) is removed and the central part (core) remains, which is more rigid and takes on high mechanical loads. The beam is obtained from a solid log by mechanical processing, after which its cross-section takes on a rectangular or semi-cylindrical shape.

Log houses from OCB

A more significant difference is in the manufacturing technology of corner joints. They are assembled using specially sawn recesses in the crowns - cups. When the log profile shrinks, the gaps in the joint increase. In addition, there is one more nuance: when determining the thickness of the wall, you should take into account not the diameter of the central fiber board, but the much smaller thickness of the inter-crown joint. The difference has to be compensated by laying insulation, which leads to higher construction costs. The advantage of solid timber is a significant simplification of joining corners.

Houses made of profiled timber

The easiest way to assemble houses is from dried in special chambers. The tongue-and-groove system allows you to tightly connect adjacent links along the length, minimizing the gaps between them. The shrinkage of houses made from this material is minimal, so housewarming can take place within 5-6 months after laying the foundation. The only disadvantages of profiled timber are its high cost and less exotic appearance compared to a log house.

Building a house: logs or beams, which is better?

Before deciding which one, you should answer several clarifying questions that are the criteria for the optimal choice.

1. Does the developer need a classic log house, or is preference given to a more practical construction made from timber?

Log houses look organically against the backdrop of natural landscapes and are in harmony with environment. However, such exotics require constant care: .

A house made of timber looks more neat and noble and meets European aesthetic standards. But cracks in the material when drying are inevitable, so exterior finishing is desirable.

2. Is the house intended to be used all year round?

Houses made of timber have the same wall thickness, so heat loss is distributed evenly and is not so great compared to a log house. However, during the drying process, cracks may appear in non-profiled timber, and this changes the geometry of the walls and requires additional thermal insulation and exterior finishing.

Buildings made from OCB require mandatory caulking. To achieve a gradual decrease in temperature along the thickness of the wall, install insulation from the outside. The procedure is quite labor-intensive, associated with aesthetic requirements and the need for careful selection of finishes. Rounded logs with natural moisture, like timber, can curl and crack when dry. The most unpleasant thing is that if cracks appear between the crowns, it is very difficult to caulk them.

3. Does the pace of construction matter?

Houses made of logs and solid timber shrink within a year, only its parameters are slightly different. If the log “sits” by 7-10%, then the timber - by 11-14%. Only after 11-12 months it is possible to carry out finishing work, close compensation cuts above door and window openings, equip permanent wiring.