1. Varieties
2. What is siding?
3. Additional classification

• main;
• side;
• rear;
• street;
• yard

1. Stone, brick.
2. Concrete, monolithic.
3. Translucent.

• stone;
• siding;
• panel;
• plaster;
• brick for cladding.

• marble;
• limestone;
• granite;
• gabbro

What is siding?

Types of siding

1. Of steel.
2. Made from cement.

1. Aesthetic effect.

He can be:

“Wet” facades are installed using a building mixture.

Types of building facade designs

Examples are: plaster, clinker tile finishing (an adhesive base is required to secure it) and others.

What does the ventilation façade consist of?

1. Facing part (outer layer). Most often it is covered on the outside ceramic tiles. It looks neat and has a lot of colors.

Home | Articles |Facades for residential multi-storey buildings - variety of types

Facades for a residential multi-storey building - a variety of types

Of the different approaches to arranging walls in recent years, ventilated facades have stood out the most. This concept is characterized by the principle itself: the cladding is installed at a certain distance from the wall, and a heat-insulating layer is laid between the outer covering and the wall.

What is a facade

In addition, facades for residential multi-storey buildings provide air gaps. That’s why facades are called ventilated, as they create spaces accessible to air. Such ventilation can protect buildings from dampness, and thermal insulation insulates facades in Tver for residential high-rise buildings and protects them from heat in summer. New buildings are often faced with ventilated facades. multi-story houses, since the project takes into account in advance thermal insulation properties systems. But, according to experts, if the walls of old houses have unevenness or defects, then it will be quite possible to insulate it using ventilated facades for multi-story buildings.

Ventilated facades for residential multi-storey buildings consist of three elements.

The entire structure is supported on hanging metal frames, which are made of of stainless steel or from aluminum profile. Constructions metal gratings facade systems may be different. The frame, which is attached to the wall, has two main functions. WITH outside the outer cladding of the building is applied to it, and a thermal insulation layer is applied inside, as well as a waterproof windproof film. The customer needs to determine what exactly the façade for a multi-storey residential building will be made of, and professionals from special companies can take care of the rest.

The choice of facades for residential multi-storey buildings nowadays is quite large: ceramic and stone tiles, porcelain tiles, fiber cement and asbestos cement slabs, siding and others.

Cladding the facades of residential multi-storey buildings with fiber cement is the best option for use in the construction of residential buildings. standard houses. Due to high wear resistance Fiber cement can save money on the restoration of a multi-storey residential building, and due to its impact resistance, protect the facade from the negative effects of natural and mechanical factors.

Porcelain stoneware used for finishing the facade of residential multi-storey buildings is a universal facing material, which is widely used in all types of construction, in particular in multi-storey construction. In the finishing and construction of multi-storey residential buildings, they are subject to special requirements, the most important of which is fire safety.

Porcelain tile is a non-flammable material and environmentally friendly and natural raw materials are used in its production. The uniformity of the patterns, as well as the geometrically correct edges of porcelain stoneware, make the work of installers easier and allow work to be carried out in a short time and in almost any weather conditions. The remarkable performance properties of porcelain stoneware include resistance to temperature changes, durability and resistance to stains.

See also:

1. Varieties
2. Front façade: materials for decoration
3. What is siding?
4. Main facade: types of structures
5. Additional classification

Some people wonder what is the facade of a building? What is its definition? This is the front side of the building, located outside.

The concept of “facade” has another meaning: it is a drawing of an orthogonal projection of a building. The projection is carried out onto a vertical plane.

Front side meets different types, which largely depends on its shape, proportions, and architecture. According to Wikipedia, the following varieties are distinguished:

• main;
• side;
• rear;
• street;
• yard

Varieties

The front side of the building is called the facade; it is where guests are greeted. But it should be borne in mind that other sides of the building are also facades. However, they are not front, but side, back, and so on. All of them are divided by design features:

1. Stone, brick.
2. Concrete, monolithic.
3. Translucent.
4. Hinged ventilated structures. They differ in cladding. The cladding can be made of: porcelain stoneware, aluminum panels, fiber cement, metal cassettes, siding, blockhouse, decorative boards, stainless steel.
5. Media façade. This is the most modern variety front side of the building. IN in this case screens are installed. Together, these screens form a video image. As a result, the front side of the building looks like one large screen. It looks very fashionable and modern.

To beautifully decorate the main side, some professionals advise using stucco and tiles. You can use ordinary plaster or paint.

Front façade: materials for decoration

In order to issue main view buildings, the following materials are used:

• stone;
• siding;
• panel;
• plaster;
• brick for cladding.

What is most commonly used

Stones are often used to finish the front side. You can use both natural and artificial stones. The most popular natural stones are:

• marble;
• limestone;
• granite;
• gabbro

Artificial stones are very popular. Architectural concrete is in particular demand. It is also called “white stone”. From " white stone» you can create decorative elements for windows and doors, as well as hanging panels.

Such a design can be quite long (several square meters). Moreover, the thickness of the “white stone” is small and is about 10 cm.

What is siding?

Siding is a material for cladding a building. The material is presented in the form of horizontally arranged panels. They are fastened together directly on the wall of the building. Siding is a very versatile and attractive cladding element:

1. With the help of siding you can achieve variety in creating shapes.
2. It is very easy to operate.
3. It can be made from a wide variety of different materials.

Types of siding

1. Made from vinyl. Siding made from this material is quite strong, durable, and practical. The building becomes attractive due to the brilliant properties of the material.
2. Made from polystyrene foam. The heat transfer of the building decreases. This is of great importance for buildings located in harsh climatic zones. The advantages of foam plastic siding are also an increase in the vapor permeability of the building; moisture does not accumulate on the walls.
3. Made of metal. It is the metal finishing that will add durability and resistance to adverse environmental factors to the building.
4. Of steel.
5. Made of wood. The main façade with this finishing looks aesthetically pleasing and provides excellent thermal protection for the building.
6. Made from cement.

Thanks to all these advantages, siding is gradually replacing many of the listed materials (in particular, plaster).

Plaster, as a material for cladding the outer part of a building, is also used very often and tries not to lose its position. The following types of plaster have been developed: mineral, polymer, mosaic, structural, pebble.

The main side should look attractive, since it is the “face” of the building.

Main facade: types of structures

What is included in the definition of façade can be understood and found out by studying the information.

All types of main types of buildings and structures are subject to two basic requirements:

1. Protection of the structure from external factors.
2. Aesthetic effect.

He can be:

The “dry” type of facade systems is manufactured without the use of adhesive bases and special mortars. Thus, any part is attached using nails, screws and other elements. An example of dry facades is siding.

“Wet” facades are installed using a building mixture. Examples are: plaster, clinker tile finishing (an adhesive base is required to secure it) and others.

What is needed for this type

Available to a wide range of buyers. It consists of the following layers:

1. Insulation (this is the inner layer).
2. Fiberglass mesh. With its help, installers strengthen walls.
3. Decorative plaster. It comes in any shape and color.

For manufacturing you will not need complex circuits and all kinds of aluminum fasteners, tiles and ceramic bricks, and the insulation can be simply reinforced using mesh and bolts. But there is also a small nuance - such a system cannot be installed at temperatures below +5 °C.

A huge advantage is that installation can be carried out regardless of the time of year and weather conditions. A “wet” facade gives the building integrity, but it directly depends on weather conditions and climate.

Additional classification

Today, the division of this building material into the following types is known:

The technology of ventilated systems is based on the formation of a gap for ventilation, which is located between the wall and the facade material.

Air begins to circulate freely in the gap, thanks to which moisture and dampness evaporate. And the material itself qualitatively protects the floors of premises from all kinds of atmospheric influences.

What does the ventilation façade consist of?

This type should consist of three layers:

1. Mineral insulation (it is located on the inside.
2. Air gap (this is the middle layer).
3. Facing part (outer layer).

   What is a building façade according to the law?

   Most often, the outside is covered with ceramic tiles. It looks neat and has a lot of colors.

Ventilated facades and other systems containing aluminum are not cheap. The main point in this case is the price-quality ratio.

An unventilated facade is used when the building does not have external insulation. If the facade needs to be installed on a wooden building, then it is better to use a ventilated system, since wooden walls themselves release a large amount of moisture. If you do not get rid of moisture accumulation, then wooden house It will simply start to rot.

Chapter 5. Requirements for the maintenance and appearance of buildings, structures, and improvement facilities

Section 1. Maintenance of buildings

160. Owners of buildings and organizations servicing the housing stock in accordance with the procedure established by law must ensure the maintenance of buildings and their structural elements in good condition, ensure proper operation of buildings in accordance with established rules and regulations technical operation, carrying out current and major repairs, monitoring the condition and installation of all types of external improvements located in adjacent areas, lighting within the designated area.

161. Owners of premises in apartment building in order to ensure proper maintenance of the common property of the house, they enter into a management agreement with the management organization or an agreement on the maintenance and (or) performance of repairs of the common property in such a house with persons carrying out the relevant types of activities, in accordance with housing legislation.

162. Buildings and structures whose facades determine the architectural appearance of the existing city development include all located on the territory of the city (operating, under construction, reconstructed or overhauled):

1) buildings for administrative and social and cultural purposes;

2) residential buildings;

3) buildings and structures for production and other purposes;

4) lightweight buildings (trade pavilions, kiosks, garages and other similar objects);

5) fences and other stationary architectural forms located on land plots adjacent to buildings.

163. The elements of building facades subject to maintenance include:

1) pits, entrances to basements and garbage chambers;

2) entrance units (including steps, platforms, railings, canopies over the entrance, fences, walls, doors);

3) base and blind area;

4) planes of the walls;

5) protruding elements of facades (including balconies, loggias, bay windows, cornices);

6) roofs, including ventilation and chimneys, including enclosing grilles, exits to the roof;

7) architectural details and cladding (including columns, pilasters, rosettes, capitals, sandriks, friezes, belts);

8) drainpipes, including marks and funnels;

9) fencing of balconies, loggias;

10) parapet and window railings, bars;

11) metal finish windows, balconies, belts, plinth projections, overhangs;

12) mounted metal constructions(including flag holders, anchors, fire escapes, ventilation equipment);

13) horizontal and vertical seams between panels and blocks (facades of large-panel and large-block buildings);

14) glass, frames, balcony doors;

15) stationary fences adjacent to buildings.

164. The facades of buildings, structures, and structures should not have visible dirt or damage, including destruction of the finishing layer, drainpipes, funnels or outlets, or changes in color tone.

carrying out maintenance repairs and restoration of structural elements and facade finishing, including entrance doors and canopies, railings for balconies and loggias, cornices, porches and individual steps, railings for descents and stairs, shop windows, decorative parts and other structural elements;

ensuring the availability and maintenance of gutters, drainpipes and drains;

cleaning roofs and canopies from snow and ice, removing ice, snow and icicles from eaves, balconies and loggias;

sealing, sealing and filling of seams, cracks and potholes;

restoration, repair and timely cleaning of blind areas, pits of basement windows and entrances to basements;

maintaining the electric lighting located on the facade in good condition and turning it on simultaneously with the external lighting of streets, roads and squares in the city of Belgorod;

cleaning and washing of facade surfaces depending on their condition and operating conditions;

washing windows and shop windows, signs and signs;

fulfillment of other requirements provided for by the rules and regulations for the technical operation of buildings, structures and structures.

166. Under change appearance facades means:

creation, modification or elimination of porches, canopies, canopies, cornices, balconies, loggias, verandas, terraces, bay windows, decorative elements, door, showcase, arched and window openings;

replacement of facing material;

painting the facade and its parts in a color different from the color of the building;

changing the roof structure, roofing material, roof safety elements, elements of organized external drainage;

installation (mounting) or dismantling additional elements and devices (flagpoles, signs).

167. Shop windows and offices facing city streets must have lighting design.

Building's facade

On the facades of newly constructed buildings, architectural and artistic lighting equipment is installed in accordance with the design documentation.

The operating mode of shop window lighting must correspond to the operating mode of outdoor lighting.

169. On all residential, administrative, industrial and public buildings, in accordance with the established order of numbering of houses in the city of Belgorod, signs and house numbers of established standards must be posted, illuminated at night, and on apartment buildings - additionally with signs of entrance numbers and apartments, they must be kept clean and in good condition.

Responsibility for fulfilling these requirements rests with the owners, unless otherwise provided by law or contract.

Owners of information signs, signs, advertising structures, decorative panels, entrance groups that are not part of the common property of the owners of the premises of an apartment building, take the necessary measures to preserve the above structures when cleaning the roof of the house in winter period.

171. Monuments and objects of monumental art, buildings that are monuments of architecture, history and culture must be maintained in proper condition.

172.V winter time the owners (in apartment buildings - persons who manage/operate the house under a contract) organize timely cleaning of roofs and canopies from snow, ice and icicles.

Clearing of ice formations from the roofs of buildings on the sides facing pedestrian areas is carried out immediately as they form, with preliminary installation of fencing of dangerous areas.

Roofs with external drainage are periodically cleared of snow, preventing its accumulation of more than 30 cm.

173. Clearing the roofs of buildings from snow and ice and dumping them onto sidewalks is allowed only during daylight hours from the surface of the roof slope facing the street. Removing snow from the remaining roof slopes, as well as flat roofs produced in internal local areas. Before dumping snow, security measures are taken to ensure the safety of citizens. Snow and ice icicles thrown from the roofs of buildings are placed along the roadway tray for subsequent removal (under contract) by the organization cleaning the roadway.

Do not throw snow, ice or debris into drainage funnels. When throwing snow from roofs, measures are taken to ensure the complete safety of trees, bushes, overhead lines of street electric lighting, banners, advertising structures, traffic light objects, road signs, communication lines, payphones, etc.

174. Owners of non-residential premises ensure that entrance canopies are cleared of debris, and in winter, snow, ice and icicles in ways that guarantee the safety of others and prevent damage to the property of third parties.

1) damage (contamination) of the surface of the walls of the facades of buildings and structures, including smudges, peeling paint, the presence of cracks, peeling plaster, cladding, damage brickwork, peeling of the protective layer of reinforced concrete structures;

2) damage (absence) of architectural and artistic and sculptural details of buildings and structures, including columns, pilasters, capitals, friezes, drafts, bas-reliefs, stucco decorations, ornaments, mosaics, artistic paintings;

3) violation of the sealing of interpanel joints;

4) damage (peeling, contamination) of plaster, cladding, paint layer of the base part of facades, buildings or structures, including malfunction of the design of window and entrance pits;

5) damage (contamination) of protruding elements of the facades of buildings and structures, including balconies, loggias, bay windows, vestibules, cornices, canopies, entrance lobbies, steps;

6) destruction (absence, contamination) of balcony fences, including loggias, parapets.

Violations identified during the operation of the facades of buildings and structures must be eliminated in accordance with established standards and rules for the technical operation of buildings and structures.

176. If signs of damage to protruding facade structures are detected, owners and other rights holders must take urgent measures to ensure the safety of people and prevent further development of deformation. In the event of an emergency condition of protruding facade structures (including balconies, loggias, bay windows), close and seal entrances and access to them, carry out security work and take measures to restore them. Repair work must be carried out in accordance with current legislation.

177. Formation architectural solution facades of buildings, structures, structures that are objects of cultural heritage, including identified objects of cultural heritage, is carried out in accordance with the legislation in the field of conservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage objects. The design of color solutions for the facades of buildings, structures, and structures that are objects of cultural heritage, including identified objects of cultural heritage, is carried out as part of the corresponding design documentation.

178. The architectural solution of the facade is individual and is developed applicable to a specific object, regardless of the type of project on the basis of which its construction was carried out.

The architectural solution for the facades of the facility is formed taking into account:

— functional purpose of the facility (residential, industrial, administrative, cultural and educational, physical education and sports, etc.);

— location of the object in the structure of the city, district, quarter;

— zones of visual perception (participation in the formation of a silhouette and/or panorama, visual emphasis, visual dominance);

- type of surrounding buildings (archetype and style);

— tectonics of the object (plastically developed, artistically meaningful, including color, design of the object);

— architectural coloring of the surrounding buildings;

— material of existing enclosing structures.

179. To form an architectural solution for the facades of an object, the use of the following is not allowed finishing materials:

— PVC siding (except for facilities located in industrial areas);

- profiled a metal sheet(except for facilities located in industrial areas);

— asbestos-cement sheets;

— self-adhesive films;

- banner fabric.

180. The main condition for the facades of capital construction projects is stylistic unity in the architectural and artistic image, materials and color scheme.

181. Finishing of a part of the facade of a building, different from the finishing of the facade of the entire building, is allowed only if comprehensive solution façade of the entire building.

182. During the construction and reconstruction of capital construction projects, the placement of planned buildings and structures, as well as their elements (including porches, stairs, bay windows, balconies, loggias) outside the red lines is not allowed.

183. When designing entrance lobbies, updating, changing the facades of buildings and structures, the following is not allowed:

1) covering the existing decorative, architectural and artistic elements of the facade with elements of the entrance group, new finishing and advertising;

2) arrangement of supporting elements (including columns, racks) that impede the movement of pedestrians;

3) laying engineering support networks open method along the facade of the building facing the street;

4) arrangement of entrances located above the first floor on the facades of cultural heritage sites.

184. The use of a balcony for the installation of an entrance group is possible after obtaining the consent of the owners of premises in an apartment building.

Arrangement of the entrance group, as well as installation and operation of advertising structures on the facades apartment buildings are allowed with the consent of the owners of the premises and in the presence of a permit issued by local authorities in the prescribed manner for the installation of an advertising structure.

unauthorized refurbishment or change in the appearance of the façade of a building or its elements;

violation of established requirements for the placement of signs, street signs, license plates of houses, buildings and structures.

damage to elements of the arrangement of buildings and structures, monuments, memorial plaques, trees, shrubs, small architectural forms and other elements of external improvement in the territories common use, as well as the production of their unauthorized alteration, restructuring and rearrangement;

unauthorized application of inscriptions, drawings, posting and hanging notices and other information messages at stopping points, walls, pillars, fences (fences) and other objects not intended for these purposes.

The organization of work to remove inscriptions, drawings, advertisements and other information messages is entrusted to the owners, owners, users of these objects;

It would seem that the issue of the status of the external walls of apartment buildings has been resolved, at least in the context of disputes about the placement of various advertising structures and signs on the facades of houses, about the installation of air conditioners, etc. In order to place such objects, the consent of the owners of the premises in the apartment building is required, since we are talking about the use of common property. However, when analyzing arbitration practice in considering disputes about the transfer of residential premises to non-residential premises, the author discovered two judicial acts from one district, which state that the external walls of a house, which are not load-bearing structures, do not belong to common property. Let's see how justified such a conclusion is.

Background

Today, owners of residential premises in apartment buildings who want to transfer them to the non-residential category are experiencing serious difficulties, despite the fact that the very fact of transferring premises from one category to another does not require convening a general meeting and obtaining the consent of the owners in the prescribed manner to carry out such events.
The fact is that as a result of such a transfer, redevelopment (reconstruction) of the premises is inevitable in terms of organizing a separate entrance to non-residential premises(P.

Law building facade

2 tbsp. 22 Housing Code of the Russian Federation). This involves at least dismantling part of the outer wall of the MKD, increasing doorways, converting window openings into door openings and using the local area to place a porch.
Most often, owners who transfer premises from residential to non-residential do not ask their neighbors’ permission for this, but approve the redevelopment (reconstruction) project and implement it, sometimes even with the knowledge of the controlling body - the local administration. If officials missed the fact that the redevelopment was not agreed upon at the general meeting and issued the appropriate permit, the owners themselves or the HOA have the right to challenge it. This is confirmed, for example, in the Resolutions of the FAS Eastern Military District dated November 27, 2013 in case No. A39-5016/2012, the FAS SZO dated December 25, 2013 in case No. A56-68305/2011, or the FAS Moscow Region Resolution dated October 28, 2013 in case No. A40- 173802/12-144-866<1>, where, among other things, it is clearly stated that, by virtue of paragraph 1 of Art. 36 Housing Code of the Russian Federation and paragraphs. "g" clause 2 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property external façade wall residential building, being in this case an enclosing non-load-bearing structure apartment building, refers to the common property of all owners of the premises, since it serves more than one residential premises as enclosing the entire residential building. In connection with this circumstance, actions to partially dismantle such a wall or add vestibules to it require the mandatory consent of the owners of the premises in the apartment building due to the requirements of clause 2 of Art. 40 Housing Code of the Russian Federation. The contents of this norm are given below.
———————————
<1>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated January 27, 2014 N VAS-19786/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.

“If the reconstruction, reorganization and (or) redevelopment of premises is impossible without attaching to them part of the common property in an apartment building, the consent of all owners of the premises in the apartment building must be obtained for such reconstruction, reorganization and (or) redevelopment of premises.”
At the same time, in paragraph 3 of Art. 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation is very clearly formulated that reducing the size of common property in an apartment building (which inevitably occurs as a result of reconstruction of residential premises with the addition of part of the common property) is possible only with the consent of all owners of premises in a given house.
But still, more often than not, local authorities themselves refuse to transfer applicants’ premises from residential to non-residential due to the lack of consent of the remaining owners of the premises in the apartment building (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Central District of March 19, 2013 in case No. A35-4762/2012<2>, FAS DVO dated November 19, 2012 N F03-5123/2012<3>, FAS VSO dated January 31, 2014 in case No. A33-3673/2013).
———————————
<2>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated June 18, 2013 N VAS-7494/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.
<3>By ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated June 05, 2013 N VAS-3070/13, the case was refused to be transferred to the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court for review.

However, there are judicial acts that contain other judgments. There are two of them and they were accepted by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-West Region.
Thus, in the Resolution dated May 13, 2013 in case No. A56-27235/2012, based on the expert opinion that the outer wall of the house in which a doorway is installed in place of a window by dismantling the window sill space is not a load-bearing structure, the following conclusion was made : The external wall is intended to serve only one living space, so the consent of all owners for its dismantling is not required. The Resolution of January 14, 2014 in case No. A56-14283/2013 demonstrates the same approach. Can it be considered correct? According to the author, no, and here's why.

Provisions of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation

According to Art. 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the owners of premises in an apartment building own, by the right of common shared ownership, the enclosing load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures of the given house. First of all, let us denote that a building envelope is a structure that performs the function of enclosing or separating volumes (rooms) of a building (GOST 30247.1-94 "Building structures. Test methods for fire resistance. Load-bearing and enclosing structures"<4>). Enclosing structures can combine the functions of load-bearing (including self-supporting) and enclosing structures.
———————————
<4>Introduced by Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated March 23, 1995 N 18-26.

At the same time, load-bearing structures (elements) are structures that perceive permanent and temporary loads, including loads from other parts of the building. Self-supporting structures take the load only from their own weight.
Based on these definitions, it is clear why the belonging of load-bearing enclosing structures to the composition of common property is beyond doubt: according to their technical purpose, they perform a much more important role than servicing one room.
The functions of non-load-bearing enclosing structures are not so obvious, but they should be classified as common property not on the basis of “load-bearing/non-load-bearing”, but on the basis of “enclosing”. If we are talking about the external walls of the house, then it is obvious that they do not enclose separate rooms from each other, but the whole house, as rightly pointed out by the arbitrators of the FAS Moscow Region in the Resolution of October 28, 2013 in case No. A40-173802/12-144-866. It is this circumstance (and not technical specifications external walls) is key when deciding whether to classify this element of the house as common property.
At the same time, there should be no doubt about the correctness of what has been said, the content of the Letter of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia dated November 3, 2011 N OG-D23-1928: if the transfer of the disputed premises to non-residential premises involves the arrangement of a separate entrance by destroying part of the external wall of the apartment building, which is the enclosing load-bearing structure related to the general shared ownership, as well as the use of the local area when installing a separate entrance, entailing a change in the object and the mode of use of the part land plot occupied by an apartment building, relating to the common shared ownership of the owners of premises in this building, then the reconstruction planned for transfer to non-residential premises is allowed only with the consent of all owners of the common property of the apartment building.
The indication in this Letter that the enclosing load-bearing structures belong to the common property could be associated with a response to a specific request, an assessment of the specific circumstances of the case. This statement is not absolute and, of course, does not deny the possibility of classifying such non-load-bearing enclosing structures as the external walls of apartment buildings as part of the common property.

If a house has undergone reconstruction (redevelopment, refurbishment) of a living space, as a result of which part of the external wall of the house has been dismantled, the configuration of windows and doors has been changed, a porch has been equipped, and the owners of the premises in the apartment building have not given their consent to carry out this work, the latter have the right to declare violation of their rights, dismantling erected structures and returning part of the common property to its previous state. All changes to common property must be discussed collectively. It does not matter whether outer wall home, subjected to disassembly, load-bearing. The determining factor in classifying the structure of a house as common property in this case is the enclosing function of the walls, which provide spatial isolation of the entire house, rather than a separate room.

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The facade of the building gives the building an aesthetic appearance; it protects the main structures of the house from external influences. In addition, it regulates the migration of water vapor and air, and plays an insulating and soundproofing role.

The outer side of any building, located outside, constitutes the façade of the building. It can be main, side or rear. For residential buildings, a distinction is made between street and courtyard facades. It is the type of facade that determines.

For urban buildings, the facade of the building must correspond to the historical appearance of the city; any unauthorized change is a violation of the law and entails administrative fines.

Modern facade finishing is made from various cladding materials, the choice depends on design features building, the load-bearing capacity of the main walls, purpose, financing and the tastes of the owner or architect.

Modern facades

To clad the modern façade of a private house, those claddings that were recently used are used. fashionable decors public buildings. In the past, shopping centers could have plaster and siding. Now these materials have become available to private developers. And they are no longer used for cladding public buildings. You can see a selection of cladding options for private houses.

Modern facades of public buildings require the use of the latest cladding. Most often these are porcelain stoneware and facade cassettes. Porcelain tiles are more affordable. Facade cassettes have a more modern look and go well with glazing. no longer allows the use of twentieth-century materials. Plaster and facing brick unsuitable. People began to perceive these claddings more as home-like ones, more suitable for the facade of an apartment building or a private one.

Trends modern architecture- a combination of glass, metal and concrete non-standard forms on the facade.

Modern architecture of building facades is unthinkable without the use of latest technologies. Technologies are constantly changing and updating.

Almost all façade solutions come to us from Europe.

People began to travel more and now place more demands on the architecture around them. now everywhere. The cladding of building facades has never been so diverse. To the system from metal profiles you can hang almost anything construction material, possessing sufficient strength and at the same time lightness. Lots on the market

Ventilated facades of public buildings

Public buildings have different purposes and financing. “Public” includes any buildings intended to be visited by many people. These are banks, facades of administrative buildings, train stations, shopping centers, business centers, administrations, sports and entertainment institutions, hospitals, schools and the list goes on for a long time. It is important to understand that banks will be able to afford facade cladding much more expensive than schools. Therefore, when talking about the cladding of public buildings, it is worth making a distinction between materials by cost.

Cladding buildings with economy segment materials

Facade materials in the economy segment can be, for example, porcelain stoneware, fiber cement, metal cassettes,

Porcelain tiles cost from 450 rubles/m2 of cladding. Of course, you need to add the cost of the subsystem and installation work. The cost of a system for porcelain tiles starts from 400 rubles/m2. The cost of installation will add 900 rubles/m2 minimum. Insulation and hardware – another 400 rubles/m2. Total “turnkey” will cost 2150 rub/m2. And this is the minimum price tag; not all façade companies will install it for this cost.

Inexpensive finishing shopping center metal cassettes

“turnkey” will cost from 2500 rub/m2. Plaster with insulation from 2200 rub/m2. - from 2000 rub/m2.

All of the listed economy options have their own characteristics. And the perception of the facade as a whole will depend on the quality of installation. Thus, porcelain tiles may fall out due to poor-quality galvanized clamps. The clamp should always be made of stainless steel. Fiber cement can stain and fade over time. The plaster chips when it hails. Metal cassettes rust and are not shockproof. Brick is eternal, but visually it is not always suitable for public buildings. Therefore, sometimes customers of a building look at more expensive cladding.

More expensive facing materials

The middle price segment includes different kinds façade cassettes and cladding with medium-strength stone (travertine, for example).

Let's briefly say that façade cassettes can be
aluminum, steel, copper, and other metals. They may or may not have a polymer layer, and be made of thicker metal. Facade cassettes can be flat, which is standard, or three-dimensional (inclined circles, ovals, triangles from cassettes). Facade metal cassettes without a polymer layer, i.e. not composite, can be perforated. Perforation can be either standard designs (circles, badges, etc.) or have non-standard designs (for example, cut out a tree in a cassette).

Facade cassettes, since there are many of them, are difficult to evaluate together, and separately they take a long time. On average, a cassette with a polymer layer will cost from RUB 3,500/m2 on a façade. Facade perforated cassette from 5000 rub/m2. Volumetric unique panels are even more expensive - from 6500 rub/m2.

It costs much less than granite, and therefore belongs to the middle price segment. For example, granite costs from RUB 3,500/m2 – the material itself without installation and system. And travertine from 1000 rub/m2.

But it is necessary to take into account that this is a stone of medium strength. It just might crumble over time. It is not recommended for suspended ventilated facades. But the first floors, entrance groups are the best.

Expensive premium cladding for banks, restaurants, office buildings

The high price segment includes wide-format and hidden cladding
way.

Facade slabs are expensive fiber cement (Cembrite, Eternit), Rock panels, thin 3mm porcelain stoneware 1500*3000mm in size (Archskin, Laminam, GranitiFiandre, Kerlit and other manufacturers). Facade slabs imitate stone, wood and whatever your heart desires. At the same time, they are easy to install and wide-format.

The hidden method involves cladding with standard panels (regular porcelain stoneware, facade slabs), but without visible fastening. This method is always about 30-50% more expensive per sq. m.

About cost: façade slabs will cost “turnkey” from 6000 rub/m2.

To create colored facade architecture public building boards painted in different colors are used. This can be any of the above-mentioned facing materials for ventilated facades. Porcelain tiles can be combined in different shades. Also fiber cement or HPL panels, all of them can be in bright Ral colors. Any facade cassettes can be colored.

Facades of multi-storey residential buildings

The facade of an apartment building must be made in the same architectural style of the city. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo a project examination. The façade must be approved by the city's chief architect. For finishing modern houses two methods are used:

1. Wet. This method involves finishing the facade using various plasters or bricks. The advantages include education in holistic and reliable surface. The main advantage is simplicity and durability. Relative disadvantages include labor intensity construction work and the seasonality of their implementation.
2. Dry. This best option finishing and involves the use of hinged cladding panels made of various materials. Ventilated facades for multi-storey residential buildings give buildings an original appearance. Due to the use of modern insulation, heat loss is significantly reduced. Therefore, the ventilated façade is ideal for façade cladding panel house. Due to the air gap that exists between the main wall and the facing material, the formation of condensation on the inner surface is prevented thermal insulation material. And this significantly extends the service life of the structure as a whole.

For overhaul of the facade of an apartment building, both the first and second options are used, it all depends on the structural and architectural features building. If the building belongs to the category of cultural heritage objects, or is located in a zone of historical monuments protected by law, then changing the facade of an apartment building must be carried out with the permission of KGIOP, KGA, as well as the homeowners.

Reasons for the destruction of modern building facades

The facade of any building is an example of the architectural art of a certain time. But any design, regardless of the quality and price of materials, the uniqueness of the technology, has a certain service life.

To the main reasons that lead to destruction modern facades buildings include:

• Negative effects of the external environment (moisture, temperature changes, dust, ultra-violet rays etc.);
• Habitat of various microorganisms on the surface of the façade;
• Weathering (insufficient treatment of the weathering zone with a special fixative contributes to the activation of the erosion process of the façade structure);
• Technological errors of builders (use of metal parts without anti-corrosion protection, etc.).

The above factors contribute to the fact that after a certain time the facade begins to collapse, so they need to be repaired from time to time.

The exterior decoration of any building is designed to ensure not only the attractiveness of the facade, but its reliability and additional insulation. The facades of multi-storey buildings are no exception to the rule; they also require finishing with various materials.

On the Internet pages and in catalogs of construction companies engaged in facade work in residential buildings, you can find many photos of luxurious facades. But in reality, it is very problematic to carry out some projects, since multi-storey buildings must fit into the architecture of the city.

Special points when finishing multi-storey buildings

Facade finishing high-rise buildings, residential or other purposes, has several nuances.

• Facade work on multi-storey buildings is more complex in execution technology. Therefore, they take longer compared to low-rise buildings.
• For these purposes, it is necessary to use scaffolding.
• In some cases, the services of industrial climbers are necessary.

Advice! To save some money, you can rent scaffolding and use the services of climbers only when necessary.

Finishes used

At the moment, two main finishing methods are widely used.

Wet facades

This finishing method involves the use of a variety of facade plasters or various facing tiles. As can be seen in the photo, this method is characterized by structural integrity and reliability of the coating. However, the complexity of the process and the availability large quantity construction waste limit the use of this method. One of the advantages is the affordable price of plastering facade work.

Ventilated facades

This modern version finishing the facades of residential buildings is optimal for multi-storey buildings. Such systems are characterized by the following indicators:

• This finish is distinguished by the presence of an air gap between the outer surface of the wall and the facing material. This helps prevent the formation and accumulation of condensation on the inner surface of the insulation. Which, in turn, extends the service life of the insulation itself and the structure as a whole.
• Such hanging systems allow the use of the most various materials as cladding panels, which allows you to create the original appearance of the building.
• Installing ventilated systems allows you not only to give an aesthetic appearance to your home, but also, using modern insulation, to achieve a significant reduction in heating costs.

It is this technology that is most often used when finishing the facades of multi-storey buildings. for various purposes.

Advice! If you want to keep up with the times and use in construction modern technologies– choose ventilated curtain facades.

Materials for ventilated facades

The panels used for the installation of ventilated facades can be very diverse. The most used are:

• Aluminum panels - with low weight, have high mechanical strength and durability, and increased anti-corrosion properties. A façade like the one in the photo looks great and adds solidity to the appearance of the building.
• Vinyl panels are also lightweight. This cladding material is easy to install, flexible and somewhat cheaper than aluminum panels, which plays a role when cladding large areas.

• Facade panels from composite materials durable and practical. Light weight and convenient size panels allows you to easily and quickly create an original and fresh building design.

Advice! Material selection and general style multi-story building within the city limits must be approved by the relevant authorities.

Choosing a material for cladding the facade of a multi-story building is quite a difficult task. In addition to some approvals, it is necessary to take into account the cost and characteristics of the material and pay Special attention professionalism of the installers.

The decoration of the facade plays an important role in the perception of the overall appearance of the house. But in addition to its aesthetic function, the façade is designed to protect the building from the harmful effects of precipitation and winds. And if previously the range of materials for facade decoration was limited to tiles, special moisture-resistant whitewash or stone chips, now every owner of a private house can choose the most suitable way facade finishing.

Let's consider the most popular types of finishing of facades of residential buildings and administrative buildings, namely:

• decorative finishing;
• decorative stone;
• facade panels;
• decorative bricks;
• professional sheet.

Decoration with decorative plaster

This method is one of the oldest ways design of the facade of both private cottages and industrial buildings. The only disadvantage of plaster is that it looks beautiful only on a carefully prepared wall.

There are several types of facade plaster:

• The most popular is mineral plaster. With its help you can create an imitation of some elite coatings, as well as all known species finishing "". It is produced by adding various mineral pigments and dyes to the cement-sand mass. Mineral plaster is vapor permeable, so before applying it it is necessary to insulate the house with foam plastic or glass wool. Over time, cracks may appear on the plastered wall. Mineral plaster will last 15-20 years.
• Acrylic plaster more elastic, so the resulting cracks are not so noticeable. Foam plastic is used as insulation when finishing walls with acrylic plaster. This plaster is not suitable for finishing country house or a building located near the road, because it strongly attracts dust and is difficult to clean. Acrylic plaster will also last 15-20 years.
• It is vapor-tight, so any insulation will fit under it. It is a universal type of decorative plaster, because it is not afraid of climatic influences, dust and does not absorb salt. The service life of silicone plaster is 20-25 years. The only drawback is the too high price.

Artificial stone for cladding

This material is durable and allows you to realize any design idea. Thanks to a wide range of textures, artificial stone can be combined with decorative plaster, and brick, and can also be used to decorate the facades of houses and administrative buildings. We recommend that you read the material about.

Fake diamond much cheaper than its natural counterpart, and thanks to its lighter weight and smooth surface it is easy to work with. The only drawback is low thermal insulation.

Facade panels

Cladding panels, otherwise called siding, are successfully used in the system. These panels provide good noise and heat insulation and allow you to hide any defect in the wall (irregularities, crumbling old coating, etc.). We recommend that you read the material about.

There are:

1. metal;
2. woody;
3. polyvinyl chloride panels.

• Metal sandwich panels are steel or aluminum strips coated with polyester. Their advantage is strength, water resistance, resistance to precipitation and temperature changes. Aluminum panels are most often used for finishing industrial buildings, as well as for shopping complexes, where, in addition to appearance, much attention is paid to the strength of the cladding.
• Wooden panels are made by pressing wood fibers under high pressure, after which a special coating is applied to them. These panels are easy to work with, because they are easy to saw and at the same time have high strength. The only downside is that, like everyone else wooden crafts, these panels swell from moisture and dry out in the sun, and are also susceptible to burning.
• PVC panels are absolutely safe because they do not support combustion. They have a wide range of shades and textures, and are also easier to install than metal panels. PVC installation The panels are made taking into account their expansion in the heat, so small gaps are left between the panels, and the fastenings of the panels are not at the edges, but in the middle. The disadvantage is low frost resistance and the appearance of cracks from the cold. They are used mainly for finishing the facade of private houses and administrative buildings.

Decorative brick finishing

Decorative bricks have many forms - from classical rectangular shape to specimens with rounded edges and have both a glossy texture and a surface that imitates chipping. This material is characterized by increased strength and low heat transfer. Thanks to special technology processing and firing decorative brick waterproof and does not attract dust, which allows it to maintain attractive appearance despite exposure to precipitation and high levels of air pollution.

Most often used for finishing private cottages, facades of administrative buildings and fences.

The most popular methods of finishing facades (video)

Facing profiled sheet

It is used primarily for finishing industrial buildings, warehouses and workshops due to its low cost. The main advantages - strength and resistance to chemical attack increase the service life of the profiled sheet up to 50 years. This material is suitable for creating, because when it is installed between load-bearing wall and the sheets themselves leave a gap into which the insulation is laid.

The market for materials used for the exterior finishing of buildings for various purposes is truly diverse. Each consumer will be able to choose the most suitable product that is best suited for the implementation of the facade arrangement of both a shopping complex and a small private house. We recommend reading the article about .